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Brahim Boushaki | |
|---|---|
| Title | Mufti |
| Personal life | |
| Born | إبراهيم بن علي بن محمد بن علي بوسحاقي 1912 CE/1330AH Soumâa, Boumerdès, Algeria |
| Died | 1997 CE/1418AH Kouba, Algiers, Algeria |
| Resting place | Sidi Garidi Cemetery |
| Home town | Thénia |
| Parents | |
| Other names | El Hadj Ibrahim الحاج إبراهيم |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam,Algerian Islamic reference |
| Order | RahmaniyyaSufi order |
| School | |
| Profession | Hezzab,Imam,Khatib |
| Senior posting | |
| Period in office | 1938-1997 |
Brahim Boushaki (Arabic:إبراهيم بن علي بوسحاقيIbrahim ibn Ali al-Boushaki) (1912 CE/1330AH – 1997 CE/1418AH) was anAlgerianScholar,Imam andSufiSheikh.[1] He was born in the village ofSoumâa near the town ofThénia 53 km east ofAlgiers. He was raised in a very spiritual environment withinZawiyet Sidi Boushaki with high Islamic values and ethics. He had great interpersonal skills and devoted his entire life in service ofIslam andAlgeria according to theAlgerian Islamic reference.[2]
Brahim Boushaki was born in 1912 in the historic village ofSoumâa perched at the top of theCol des Beni Aïcha inLower Kabylia.[3][4]
He is part of the 16th generation of the descendants of the illustrious Algerian theologianSidi Boushaki (1394–1453) who was one of the colleagues ofSidi Abderrahmane Thaalibi (1384–1479) in his initiatory journey inBejaïa and elsewhere at the beginning of the Gregorian 15th century.[5]
His father, Ali Boushaki (1855–1965) was themuqaddam of theRahmaniyyaSufi order east of Algiers, and theSufism ofZawiyet Sidi Boushaki south ofThénia.[6]
His grandfather, Cheikh Mohamed Boushaki (1834–1887) was one of the leaders of theMokrani Revolt in 1871 with the maraboutCheikh Boumerdassi ofZawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi and the Cheikh Cherifi ofZawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif as well as the otherzawiyas of Kabylia under the leadership ofCheikh Mokrani.[7]
His great-grandfather Cheikh Ali Boushaki (1795–1846) was also one of the resistance fighters against theFrench conquest of Algeria during his campaign against Kabylia which began in 1837, and he was an ally of CheikhMohamed ben Zamoum as well as ofEmir Abdelkader in the region of theKhachna massif.[8]
The first years of Brahim Boushaki's education took place during the beginning of the 20th century in his native village under the spiritual authority of his father Ali in thezawiya of his ancestors.[9]
This period coincided with the outbreak of theFirst World War in which his older brother, Abderrahmane Boushaki enlisted and from which he returned with the rank ofcorporal.[10]
Brahim thus learned theQuran as well as the basic collections of theMuslim religion in the zawiya of his village of Soumâa (Thala Oufella) before moving to theZawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi in the village ofOuled Boumerdès to perfect his knowledge and to deepen his initiatory journey.[11]
He then began training to pursue a career as an imam in theZawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif where he distinguished himself by his memorial prowess and his verbal eloquence which enabled him to obtain aQuranic and scientificIdjaza.
When Brahim obtained all the didactic skills to fully assume his obligations asImam, he joined his father Ali who had then been appointedmufti in the Al-Fath mosque which was erected in the center of the city ofThénia in 1926.[12]
This period saw the advent of Algerian participation in the five-year elections which allowed villagers to send their votes to French colonial institutions afterCharles Jonnart had opted for the gradual insertion of Algerians into elective and electoral representativeness.[13][14]
Indeed, the Algerian soldiers who came back alive from theGreat War asked to have access to public service employment positions and to be able to have Muslim places of worship (Ibadah) built in the French colonies erected after 1871, especially inLower Kabylia.[15][16]
His paternal uncleMohamed Seghir Boushaki (1869–1959), who had been elected in the meantime as a municipal councilor to represent the dozens of villages of theCol des Beni Aïcha in administrative institutions, worked for the introduction of his scholar nephew, Brahim in the largemosques of the city fromAlgiers.[17]
This is how Imam Brahim Boushaki was recruited in 1947 asHezzab in theSafir Mosque within theCasbah of Algiers under the authority of the thenMalikimuftiMohamed Baba Ameur [ar].[18]
Indeed, the Safir Mosque was then a center ofAlgerian nationalism which brought together four powerful Imams who stirred the entire periphery ofAlgiers, Sheikh Brahim Boushaki representedKabylia, SheikhMohamed Charef represented the valley ofKhemis Miliana, Sheikh Mohamed Douakh represented theTitteri, while the Sheikh Ahmed Benchicou meanwhile was the representative of theAlgérois andMitidja.[19]
When Brahim was Hezzab in this mosque, his nephewsYahia Boushaki, Boualem Boushaki and Bouzid Boushaki periodically visited him to inquire about his situation and his needs, and they were then integrated into the revolutionary independentist networks before the outbreak of the uprising of 1 November 1954.[20]
The faithful and practitioners who frequented this mosque were initiated into religious precepts according to theAlgerian Islamic reference, based on the books and books approved and certified.[21]
The daily Quranic recitation of theHizb Rateb, and also periodically of theSalka, was on the menu of the spiritual services of this illustrious Algiers mosque.[22]
This is how the serene and velvety voice of Sheikh Brahim Boushaki gave an imprint and a melodious cachet to these circles of divine Holy Book recitation according to theWarsh recitation.[23]
The outbreak of the Algerian independence revolution took place afterLyès Deriche hosted the meeting of 22 veterans in his home inEl Madania, and journalistMohamed Aïchaoui wrote the proclamation of the start of the revolutionary struggle.[24][25]
This is how theCasbah of Algiers was the place whereMohamed Boudiaf andDidouche Mourad met with journalist Mohamed Aïchaoui not far from the Safir Mosque to dictate the draft of the revolutionary proclamation.[26][27]
During the two years preceding the great battle of Algiers in 1957, Imam Brahim Boushaki participated in the propaganda to support popular activism in Algiers in the company of two Imams who were close to him,Mohamed Salah Seddik [ar] andMohamed Kettou [ar].[28][29]
But after the eight-day strike in 1957, the French response was very violent and the imams of Algiers mosques were imprisoned in theVilla Susini and in other torture centers.[30][31]
Brahim Boushaki was then captured by French soldiers and taken to the Susini villa where he was savagely tortured before being imprisoned with his friend, Ahmed Chekkar in the same cell.[32][33]
After Algeria's independence in 1962, Imam Brahim Boushaki was rehabilitated in his religious functions in the Safir mosque along with the other Imams who had survived imprisonment and torture during the Algerian revolution which lasted almost eight years since 1954.[34]
He then participated in the influence of the mosques of the Casbah of Algiers by promoting the assiduous recitation of theHizb Rateb and the reading ofSahih Bukhari in theDjamaa el Djedid andDjamaa el Kebir with his friend, the illustrious Imam and muftiAbderrahmane Djilali [ar].[35]
In the meantime, Imam Brahim became a religious inspector affiliated with theMinistry of Religious Affairs in 1976 and his mission was to raise the professional and ethical level of Imams working in theAlgérois region.[36]
He also periodically supervised groups of Algerian pilgrims during theHajj as a guide andmufti according to themadhhabMalikite.[37]
After the death of Ahmed Saad Chaouch in 1978, who had been ImamKhatib of the Al Fath Mosque in Thénia since 1962, Sheikh Brahim Boushaki replaced him in this religious post when he was 66 years old.[38]
He then reorganized the Quranic and jurisprudential teaching in the Al Fath mosque according to a class regime for the evening teaching of schoolchildren in the city.[39]
He was pursuing in his action the directives of the then ministerMouloud Kacem Naît Belkacem who favored the fact that mosques should also be places of teaching and intellectual emancipation in addition to the performance of the rites of Muslim worship.[40]
As soon as he returned to Thénia, he set up a committee to rebuild and extend the Al Fath mosque in order to allow women to attendFriday prayers,Tarawih andEid prayers.[citation needed]
Before the end of 1982, the area of the mosque was tripled and a first floor was built, as well as an ablution room in the basement, and the place of prayer was handed over to Muslim believers and practitioners.[citation needed]
Imam Brahim welcomed in this mosque visiting Imams who preached the good word in itsmihrab and itsminbar, while locally he encouraged the youngmurids to righteousness and morality.[citation needed]
His function as inspector of religious affairs helped him in his mission to build mosques throughout the newBoumerdès Province created in 1984, and this is how he was at the origin of the construction of the first mosque of the administrative city ofBoumerdès, which was then baptizedJabir ibn Hayyan Mosque.[citation needed]
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From the onset ofSalafist extremism inAlgeria, theSufi Imams were first targeted by the harassment of flocks and followers of fundamentalistWahhabism in mosques in order to recover these places of worship and convert them into bases for the overthrow of Algerian social values.[41]
This is how the harassment of Imam Brahim began in the Al Fath mosque inThénia during prayers, Friday sermons and religious lessons and teachings to stop his emancipatory activity in the mosque so that the whole society tumbles into terrorist horror without a benchmark of middle ground and moderation.[42]
With the accentuation of the terrorist threats of death which fell on him in Thénia, he, who had assumed all the prayers ofSalat Fadjr untilSalat Isha, Imam Brahim had to leave the city of Thenia and go into exile in the heights of Kouba in the city of Algiers in April 1993.[43]
He was replaced in the mosque of Thénia by Imam Omar Arar, a native of the villageSoumâa, in a climate of terror and recurring assassinations, and he was fatally murdered in front of his home on 13 October 1993 after Salat Icha.[44]
The Salafist terrorists then took advantage of the curfew established during the night to break up Imam Brahim's home and to steal his imposing library containing book jewels.[45][46]
Sheikh Brahim did not return to Thénia for four times while assassinations and terrorist massacres fell throughout theBoumerdès Province and left families and tribes in mourning.[47][48]
Despite his old age and his forced exile in Algiers, Imam Brahim continued with the proven religious notabilities of the capital to weave fans of hope despite the calamities that bloodied the country.[49][50]
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Imam Brahim Boushaki died during the year 1997 in the family home of his relatives in the commune ofKouba in theAlgérois at the age of 85.[citation needed]
He died of a sudden heart attack while doing his ablution (Wudu) to perform his prayer (Salah) as usual, as a Muslim and as an Imam.[citation needed]
He was then buried in theSidi Garidi Cemetery within the commune of Kouba in the presence of his relatives, friends and faithful, he who spent a large part of his life in the mosques of the capitalAlgiers.[citation needed]
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