Bracknell Forest is aunitary authority area inBerkshire, southern England. It covers the two towns ofBracknell andSandhurst and the village ofCrowthorne and also includes the areas ofNorth Ascot, Binfield, Warfield, and Winkfield. The borough bordersWokingham and theRoyal Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead in Berkshire, and also parts ofSurrey andHampshire.
The district was formed asEasthampstead Rural District under theLocal Government Act 1894 as a successor to theEasthampsteadrural sanitary district. Originally a small rural district, its population was about 20,000 duringWorld War II.Bracknell, in the district, was one of the first post-warnew towns to be designated, and became a civil parish in 1955, created from parts of Binfield, Easthampstead, Warfield and Winkfield parishes. Bracknell had originally been a hamlet at the far south-west of Warfield parish.
The district's population rose rapidly, and reached 64,135 by the 1971 census.[2] In 1974 the district was reconstituted as the non-metropolitan district ofBracknell under theLocal Government Act 1972.[3][4] It changed its name in May 1988 to Bracknell Forest, at the same time as it was granted borough status.
On 1 April 1998,Berkshire County Council was abolished, as a consequence of theBanham Review, and Bracknell Forest Borough Council became aunitary authority. From 2008, references to 'borough' were phased out in favour of simply Bracknell Forest Council.
Since 1973, Bracknell town has been twinned withOpladen in Germany, continued byLeverkusen after Opladen's incorporation in 1975.
There are 265 Listed Buildings in the borough of which 254 are Grade II, 10 are Grade II* and 1 is Grade I.[citation needed]
There are five sites in the borough included on theRegister of Historic Parks and Gardens:Ascot Place,Broadmoor Hospital,Newbold College,South Hill Park andWindsor Great Park.[5]
Bracknell Forest Borough Council's offices at Time Square in Market Street were featured in an episode ofRoad Wars on 4 February 2010 when a pursuit ended in the carpark.[6]
Two rivers run through Bracknell Forest: theRiver Blackwater forms the borough's southern boundary, and theCut meanders through the northern parishes. These receive water from small streams within the borough namely the Bull Brook in the north which feeds into the Cut and the Wish stream which flows into theRiver Blackwater. The built and developed proportion of the Borough amounts to about 35% of the total land area. Extensive forests cover more than 20% of the total area, consisting principally of parts ofWindsor Forest; predominantly conifer plantation owned and managed by theCrown Estate andForestry Commission. Agricultural land covers 24% of the land, located mainly in the north of the borough.
More than 20% of the borough is recognised as being of a high wildlife value and protected by some form of designation. Nine sites in Bracknell Forest are designated asSite of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), comprising 1911.5 hectares or 17.48% of the Borough's total area. The largest, Broadmoor to Bagshot Woods & Heaths SSSI was designated in 2001 to include the majority of Swinley Forest.
TheThames Basin HeathsSpecial Protection Area (SPA), 1356 hectares of which lie within Bracknell Forest (Sandhurst to Owlsmoor Bogs and Heaths SSSI and the Broadmoor to Bagshot Woods and Heaths SSSI), supports nationally important populations ofDartford warblers,nightjars andwoodlarks, all of which are Annex I species of theBirds Directive, and a small breeding population ofhobbies, an important migratory species in a European context.
Bracknell Forest is generally affluent (ranked 291 out of 326 on the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010, Rank of Average Score)[7] with significantly lower than average unemployment levels. Property prices and levels of car ownership are significantly higher than the national average.[8] However deprivation does exist in the borough -central Bracknell is within the 30% most deprived areas in England, with several other parts of the town also within the more deprived half of England. In contrast, almost all of Crowthorne, Sandhurst, and the borough's rural fringes fall into the 10% least deprived areas in England.[9] Household incomes are also significantly lower than other areas of similar deprivation, being close to the national average.[10]
According to the Office for National Statistics figures the borough's population is 113,696.[11] 77% of the borough's population, aged between 16 and 74 years are economically active with the service sector employing the largest proportion, 46.4% of this group. Only 11% of the population is of pensionable age, compared to a national average of 18%, with 7% being over 75 years old.[8]
There are many distinctive local geographical communities within Bracknell Forest, from Sandhurst and Crowthorne in the south, the semi-rural communities of Binfield, Winkfield and Warfield in the north and the former new town of Bracknell in the centre, which contains most of the Borough's commercial and industrial areas.[12]
With respect to ethnicity, according to theOffice for National Statistics, the vast majority of the Borough's residents (89.6%) consider themselves to be 'White'. The second largest group is defined as 'Asian' at 4.34%, third as 'Black' at 2.35%, fourth as Mixed at 1.82%.[13] With regard to religious affiliation, the population is predominantly Christian (77.8%), followed by those who have no religion (19.4%), Hindus (1.1%), Muslims (0.7%), Buddhists (0.3%), other religions (0.3%), Jews (0.2%) and Sikhs (0.2%).[14]
The population is quite healthy comparing well regionally and nationally with life expectancy at 80.15 years.[15]
Bracknell Forest is a base for high-tech industries and home to companies such asPanasonic,Fujitsu (formerlyICL) andFujitsu Siemens Computers,Dell,Hewlett-Packard,Sharp Corporation, Tracks Laser & Electronics andLSI Corporation. The software development and computer services side of the industry also thrives in Bracknell Forest and includes companies likeCable and Wireless,Honeywell,Avnet,Novell, andRSA Security. Pharmaceutical and engineering companies also draw together in Bracknell Forest, these includeBoehringer Ingelheim,Syngenta,Minebea,Daler-Rowney andHyundai Heavy Industries.
Bracknell is also home to the centralWaitrose distribution centre and head office which is on a 70-acre (280,000 m2) site on the Southern Industrial Estate. Waitrose has operated from the town since the 1970s. The town is also home to the headquarters ofAvis Europe.
There is no forest called 'Bracknell Forest'. This name is often confused withSwinley Forest (or Woods), which is an area of theWindsor Estate between Bracknell andBagshot. Owned and managed by the Crown Estates, it comprises 2,600 acres (11 km2) of woodland (mainlyScots pine). It is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and has protected areas for the birds that live there.
It also provides some of the bestmountain biking inSouth-East England, with many off-road 'single-track' trails available as well as plenty of fire roads. In recent years, Swinley forest has also been used as a filming location for a number of films including Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Parts 1 & 2.[16]
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