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| Bowser | |
|---|---|
| Mario character | |
 Promotional art by Shigehisa Nakaue (2019) | |
| First game | Super Mario Bros. (1985) |
| Created by | Shigeru Miyamoto |
| Designed by | Shigeru Miyamoto Yōichi Kotabe |
| Voiced by | Language-neutral
|
| Portrayed by | |
| In-universe information | |
| Species | Koopa |
| Children | Bowser Jr |
Bowser (Japanese:クッパ,Hepburn:Kuppa; "Koopa"), also known asKing Bowser orKing Koopa, is afictional character and themain antagonist of Nintendo'sMario franchise.[6] In Japan, he is titled Daimaō (大魔王; Great Demon King").[7] He is the arch-nemesis of the plumberMario and the leader of the turtle-likeKoopa race. Depicted as a fire-breathing monster with a tyrannical personality, Bowser's ultimate goals are to kidnapPrincess Peach and conquer theMushroom Kingdom.[8]
Bowser debuted as Mario's opponent in the 1985 video gameSuper Mario Bros.[9] DesignerShigeru Miyamoto initially conceived him as an ox based on the Ox-King from the Toei Animation filmAlakazam the Great.[10] However,Takashi Tezuka remarked that the character resembled a turtle more than an ox, leading them to redesign Bowser as the leader of the turtle-like Koopas.[11] Since 2007, Bowser has been voiced by Kenneth W. James.[12]
FollowingSuper Mario Bros., Bowser has appeared in various genres, including role-playing games likePaper Mario andMario & Luigi, sports games such asMario Kart andMario Tennis, and fighting games likeSuper Smash Bros.[13] He has appeared in multiple animations, including three series produced byDIC Entertainment (voiced byHarvey Atkin)[14] and was portrayed byDennis Hopper in the 1993Super Mario Bros. film.[15]Jack Black voiced him inThe Super Mario Bros. Movie (2023) andThe Super Mario Galaxy Movie (2026).[16]
Bowser has received a mostly positive reception, with critics noting that he is one of the most iconic and recognizable video game villains.[6][17] He was crowned the greatest video game villain of all time by theGuinness World Records Gamer's Edition.[18]
Bowser was created by Nintendo designer and producerShigeru Miyamoto. Miyamoto had first envisioned Bowser as anox, based on the ox-like King Gruesome from theToei Animation filmAlakazam the Great.[20] However, Nintendo designerTakashi Tezuka pointed out that the character looked a lot more like a turtle than an ox. Miyamoto and Tezuka then began to redesign his look to reflect a leader of the turtle-like Koopa Troopas. In his final design, Miyamoto commented that he could make Bowser "look cool now".[21] During the development ofSuper Mario Bros., Miyamoto contemplated commissioning the game's art to a manga artist or illustrator. However, due to a lack of time, he created the game's original box art himself. Bowser is depicted in this artwork in a way that differs from later renditions, with the most noticeable differences being his gray-blue complexion and lack of horns. Miyamoto received inspiration for the character's appearance from an anime film version of the Chinese novelJourney to the West, which was renamedAlakazam the Greatduring the film's Ameri period[failed verification].[22][clarification needed]Yōichi Kotabe based Bowser's final design on theChinese softshell turtle, which he recognized as highly aggressive, reflecting Bowser's short temper.[23]
Bowser's original working name was "Boss Creeper" (ボス クリーパーBosu Kurīpā), after the Shellcreepers, the predecessors to the Koopa race, fromMario Bros.[24] Miyamoto then named him大魔王 クッパDaimaō Kuppa.Kuppa came from theJapanese name for국밥,gukbap, aKorean dish. Miyamoto had also considered the namesユッケYukke andビビンバBibinba, also Japanese names of Korean dishes (육회yukhoe and비빔밥bibimbap respectively).[25] For the later North American release of the game, which also introduced theanglicized spelling "Koopa", the character was named Bowser. HisKorean name is notGukbap, but쿠파Kupa, which is essentially a phoneticround-trip translation.[26] The name was anglicized to Kuppa rather than Koopa in the Japanese versions up until the release ofSuper Mario World.[27][28]
It is currently unconfirmed how the character received the English language name "Bowser", or who gave him this name, although there are multiple competing theories. Matthew Byrd ofDen of Geek noted that one theory comes from "Bowser" being a popular name for pets at the time, while another suggests that Miyamoto himself chose the name because both "Bowser" andBibinba start with B. Another theory still relates to the origins of the surname "Bowser", derived from aNorman greeting meaning "good sir", and that it may be used ironically for the character given his diabolical nature.[29]
Within early comics and potentially in theSuper Smash Bros. series, Bowser has been compared toGamera, the iconic fictional turtlekaiju with the abilities to breathe fire as well as fly by hiding in his shell and spinning it; Bowser's ability to perform the latter is called "Gamera Attack" (ガメラアタック,Gamera Attakku).[30][31][32][33]
Bowser is the King of theKoopas,anthropomorphicturtles that inhabit the world of theMushroom Kingdom. Bowser differs greatly from the rest of the Koopa clan, which consists mainly of bipedal tortoises. He has a large, spikedturtle shell, horns, a draconic muzzle with fangs, taloned fingers, three clawed toes on each foot, red eyes, and a shock of red hair. He has immense physical strength, is nearly indestructible, canbreathe fire, and can jump very high for his large size. He is accomplished in black magic for teleportation, summoning objects, flying, generating electricity, telekinesis, or metamorphosis.[34]
Bowser's physical size varies and in most games, he towers over most characters. InSuper Mario RPG, he stands only slightly taller than Mario. He changes his size at will or through others' sorcery in games includingYoshi's Island,Super Mario Galaxy, andSuper Mario Galaxy 2.[34]
Bowser aspires to take over the Mushroom Kingdom and merge it with his own realm. He is infatuated withPrincess Peach,[35][36][37] and routinely kidnaps her as part of his plans for domination. Sometimes, he kidnaps Peach simply to lureMario into a trap, but occasionally he hopes to marry her, such as inSuper Mario Odyssey.[38] He is typically the central antagonist in the main series, but in theRPG series, he sometimes works with the heroes to defeat a greater evil. His personality is generally menacing and sinister, but he sometimes displays a more comical side as a blustering, buffoonishbully with some emotional vulnerability. He also cares for his minions.[34]
Originally inSuper Mario Bros. 3, Bowser was stated to be the father of theKoopalings[39] with subsequent official sources adding that he is their biological father,[40][41] but since their return inNew Super Mario Bros. Wii they have been referred to as Bowser's minions. Bowser Jr. was introduced as Bowser's son in the 2002 gameSuper Mario Sunshine. In a 2012 interview, Shigeru Miyamoto stated, "Our current story is that the seven Koopalings are not Bowser's children. Bowser's only child is Bowser Jr., and we do not know who the mother is."[42]
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Bowser debuted in the video gameSuper Mario Bros..[44] He then appeared through allSuper Mario games (with the exception of games such asSuper Mario Land), thePaper Mario series, theYoshi series, and theMario & Luigi series.
Bowser has appeared in nearly all of theMario spin-off games, including in theMario Kart[45] andMario Party series.[46] Bowser appeared in multipleMario sports games, such asMario Tennis,[47]Mario Golf,[48]Super Mario Strikers,[49] andMario & Sonic at the Olympic Games.[50]
He appeared inMario's Time Machine,[51]Hotel Mario,[52] andMario Pinball Land.[53] Bowser appears as a playable character inItadaki Street DS and its Wii sequelFortune Street.[54] Bowser is also a Dark attribute character who appears as the main opponent inPuzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition.[55]
Bowser appears inSuper Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars.[56] InMario + Rabbids Kingdom Battle, Bowser makes a cameo.[57] He also reappears in the sequelMario + Rabbids Sparks of Hope.[58]
Bowser is a playable character in every installment of theSuper Smash Bros. series since 2001'sSuper Smash Bros. Melee.[59] He was intended to be playable in the series' first installment, but was removed during development due to time constraints.[60] Bowser is inTetris Attack, a game inspired by the Japanese game Panel de Pon. All of the original cast members are replaced except Mr. Time, with characters from the Mario and Yoshi series, with Bowser taking on the role of Corderia as final boss.[61] With the name Hammer Slam Bowser, Bowser debuts as a playable character inSkylanders: SuperChargers. He appears alongsideDonkey Kong and comes with aSkylanders unique figurine.[62] Dr. Bowser is playable inDr. Mario World.[63]
Dennis Hopper portrayed King Koopa in the 1993 live-action filmSuper Mario Bros.[64] In the film, Koopa is the usurper ruler of Dinohattan, a city in aparallel universe in which humans evolved directly from dinosaurs. He abductsPrincess Daisy but is eventually defeated by Mario and Luigi. This incarnation is almost entirely human in appearance, with blonde hair he gels in a crown-like shape, and he frequently wears a black business suit and necktie. However, after brief exposure to his own evolution-reversing technology by the Mario Bros., he starts occasionally possessing some reptilian traits. The climax of the film sees Koopa devolve into an enormous greenTyrannosaurus rex to battle the Mario Bros., who further devolve him into primordial ooze.[65]
Bowser is one of the gaming villains attending a "Bad-Anon" support group in the 2012 animated filmWreck-It Ralph.[66] The writers had early on envisioned the Bad-anon meeting with Bowser as a major character within the scene; according to film directorRich Moore, Nintendo was very positive towards this use, stating in Moore's own words, "If there is a group that is dedicated to helping the bad guy characters in video games then Bowser must be in that group!"[67]
Bowser was voiced byJack Black inThe Super Mario Bros. Movie (2023) and the upcomingThe Super Mario Galaxy Movie (2026).[68][69] In the film, Bowser successfully captures the Super Star from the Penguin Kingdom and plots to destroy the Mushroom Kingdom unless Princess Peach agrees to marry him. His plans are ultimately foiled by Mario and Luigi, who retrieve the Super Star from Bowser, and defeat him in a final battle taking place in Brooklyn. Bowser is then shrunk with a Mini Mushroom and imprisoned in a bottle. In amid-credit scene, Bowser is singing his song from earlier in the film, but he is scolded by a guard. This has also made Bowser the subject of anInternet meme with the song "Peaches", written and performed in character by Black.[70]
He appeared inNintendo gamebooks.[71] Bowser appears as the primary antagonist in Nintendo Power's comic seriesSuper Mario Adventures.[72] Bowser reappears in the Mario comics of Valiant Comics'Nintendo Comics System as the principal antagonist of the Mushroom Kingdom.[73]
Due largely to the success of theMario franchise, Bowser has become one of the most iconic and easily recognizable video game antagonists of all time. He frequently appears in lists for greatest video game antagonists.IGN placed him at No. 2 out of 100,[74] andGamePro placed him at No. 9 out of 47.[75]GameSpot listed him at No. 9 in their "Top 10 Video Game Villains" article, stating "Of all the villains to make an appearance on this list, Bowser... has got to be the most interesting," later adding "While some people say Bowser's life may have gotten into a rut, the man has simply refined his game down to an everyday thing. He's focused, he's dedicated, and worst of all, he's patient."[76] Bowser ranked in the first slot onGameDaily's top 10 Nintendo characters that deserve their own games list, explaining ifYoshi andWario get their own games, Bowser should too due to his being one of gaming's most nefarious villains.[77] InGameDaily's top 10 Smash Bros. characters list, he ranked sixth.[78]GameDaily also included him in their most persistent video game villains list.[79] However, Bowser has been also rated as the 4th-biggest douchebag in gaming history byScrewAttack, who said that he wants to "take Mario down".[80]IGN editor Craig Harris described Bowser as being a household name.[81] In 2011,Empire ranked him as the 23rd-greatest video game character[82] whileGuinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2013 featured Bowser first in their list of top 50 Villains.[83]IGN named Bowser as one of the "oldest villains in gaming history, not to mention one of the most iconic."[84]
Bowser's role inSuper Mario Galaxy has been met with significant praise.Eurogamer editor Margaret Robertson commented that after years of being a "comedy villain",Galaxy put him back at his "scaly, scabrous best".[85]PALGN editor Chris Sell called him the best boss inMario Galaxy, stating that it wasn't just because of the battles with him being "superb, screen filling affairs", but also because he is "back to being mean again".[86]Nintendo World Report editor Aaron Kaluszka commented that battling Bowser has never been "this intense and engaging".[87]IGN editor Cam Shea praised his physical appearance inSuper Mario Galaxy, describing him as "imposing and weighty".[88] AnotherIGN editor, Matt Casamassina, praised the visual quality of the characters, citing Bowser in particular and mentioning how his "funky red fur waggles in the wind".[89]Game Positive editor Travis Simmons concurred, commenting that his hair "gives him a touch of personality".[90]
Bowser's role inMario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story has highly positive reception, frequently referenced as its main character.Eurogamer editor Christian Donlan commented that it felt good to play as Bowser, and that "After years of picking a path carefully around threats, jumping out of harm's way, and tackling challengers mostly from above, it's a pleasure to put those cares aside and relish a few hours of spiky, tortoise-shelled power."[91]Destructoid editorJames Stephanie Sterling described Bowser's gameplay as "brilliant comic relief". She also described the dialogue of the game as being "laugh out loud funny", specifically praising Bowser's ego.[92]RPGamer editor Michael Cunningham praised the game for Bowser "stealing the show", but also decried it for not having quite enough of him.[93]Nintendo World Report editor Pedro Hernandez commented that the plot and humor of the game make iconic characters "more enduring, including Bowser".[94]
NGamer magazine editor Matthew Castle commented that allMario role-playing games make good use of Bowser, but that this is the first game where Bowser takes the center stage.[95]Game Style editor Drew Middlemas commented that Bowser stole the show, being portrayed as a "creature of pure, blustering ego who reminds us of why he's one of gaming's greatest baddies."[96]N-Europe editor called him the "real star" of the game, calling him a "fantastic character" with "so much more to give than what we've seen from him so far, even in the other Mario RPGs". He added that his "foul mood and lack of intelligence" as well as his interactions with other characters are well written.[97]Kombo editor commented that he became a more sympathetic character as the game progresses, adding that his "massive ego pushes him towards heroism".[98]Wired editor Chris Kohler called Bowser awesome, adding that his segments are funnier than Mario and Luigi's.[99]Giant Bomb editor Brad Shoemaker states that Bowser steals the show, commenting that playing as him gives players an inside glimpse of his ego and megalomania.[100]IGN editor Craig Harris described Bowser as the only "core Nintendo character over the past couple decades" to not have a starring role in a video game, and this game acts as his "big break".[101]1UP.com editor Jeremy Parish stated that Bowser makes the game, describing him as more interesting thanBowser's Inside Story predecessor's partners, the baby forms of Mario and Luigi.[102]GamePro editor Alicia Ashby called Bowser one of the most "lovable characters in the Nintendo universe", and praisingBowser's Inside Story for giving him "much deserved time in the spotlight".[103]GameSpy editor Phil Theobald called him the breakout star of the game, stating that "the gruff, quick-to-anger pro/antagonist is a treat to watch as he continuously becomes infuriated with the incompetence of his minions."[104]GamesRadar editor Henry Gilbert stated that he is "home to the most drastic change to the formula" in this game, stating that while he is still a "humorously incapable villain", the game allows players to switch between Bowser and the Mario Bros. at their discretion."[105]
SomeSuper Mario 64 fans joked that Mario supposedly shouts, "So long, gay Bowser!" when throwing him a great distance. In April 2019,Charles Martinet, Mario's voice actor,tweeted that Mario says, "So long, King-a Bowser!".[106] In the JapaneseRumble Pak-compatible version, as well asSuper Mario 64 DS andSuper Mario 3D All-Stars, Mario instead says "buh-bye!",[107] which Nintendo later confirmed in a tweet.[108]
In the 2018 short comicThe Super Crown's Some Spicy New Mario Lore onDeviantArt andTwitter, Bowser uses a Super Crown to transform into a monstrously sinister female resembling Peach, which fans namedBowsette.[109] The character subsequently went viral.[110][111] In 2015, thealligator snapping turtle of theAmur River was discovered and became an Internet sensation for its resemblance to Bowser.[112] "Bowser Day 2021" became a Twitter fad.[113]
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