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Bourbaki dangerous bend symbol

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Typological symbol representing difficulty
French "virages dangereux" road sign, before 1949

Thedangerous bend orcaution symbol (U+2621 CAUTION SIGN) was created by theNicolas Bourbaki group of mathematicians and appears in the margins ofmathematics books written by the group. It resembles aroad sign that indicates a "dangerous bend" in the road ahead, and is used to mark passages tricky on a first reading or with an especially difficult argument.[1]

Certains passages sont destinés à prémunir le lecteur contre des erreurs graves, où il risquerait de tomber; ces passages sont signalés en marge par le signe ☡ (« tournant dangereux »)

Some passages are designed to forewarn the reader against serious errors, where he risks falling; these passages are indicated in the margin with the sign ☡ ("dangerous bend")

Nicolas Bourbaki's description of the symbol in several textbooks[2]

Variations

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Others have used variations of the symbol in their books. The computer scientistDonald Knuth introduced an American-style road sign depiction in hisMetafont andTeX systems, with a pair of adjacent signs indicating doubly dangerous passages.[3][4][5][6]

Typography

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Knuth's "Dangerous Bend" sign, with yellow color added.

In theLaTeX typesetting system, Knuth's dangerous bend symbol can be produced byfirst loading the font manfnt (a font with extra symbols used in Knuth's TeX manual) with\usepackage{manfnt} and then typing\dbend

There are several variations given by\lhdbend,\reversedvideodbend,\textdbend,\textlhdbend, and\textreversedvideodbend.

See also

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References

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  1. ^Steven G. Krantz (2011),The Proof Is in the Pudding: The Changing Nature of Mathematical Proof, Springer,ISBN 0-387-48908-8, p. 92.
  2. ^See, for example,Théorie des ensembles, p. I-8.
  3. ^Donald Ervin Knuth (1986),The METAFONTbook, Addison-Wesley,ISBN 0-201-13445-4.
  4. ^Donald Ervin Knuth (1984),The TeXbook, Addison-Wesley,ISBN 0-201-13448-9.
  5. ^George J. Tourlakis (2003),Lectures in Logic and Set Theory, Volume 2: Set Theory, Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-75374-0, p. xiv.
  6. ^Gerard P. Michon (2012),Dangerous Bend Symbol, doubled and tripled, Numericana.

External links

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