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Boulevard

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wide road with buildings on sides

For other uses, seeBoulevard (disambiguation).

"Blvd" redirects here. For other uses, seeBLVD (disambiguation).

Park Avenue inMidtown Manhattan,United States

TheStraße des 17. Juni inBerlin,Germany

Mannerheimintie inHelsinki,Finland

Viali di Circonvallazione inFlorence,Italy

Aboulevard is a type of broadavenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts ofNorth America, any urbanhighway or wideroad in acommercial district.

In Europe, boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of formercity walls.

In North American usage, boulevards may be wide, multi-lanethoroughfares divided with only a central median.

Etymology

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The wordboulevard is borrowed fromFrench. In France, it originally meant the flat surface of arampart, and later apromenade taking the place of a demolished fortification. It is a borrowing from theDutch wordbolwerk 'bulwark'.^[1]

Notable examples

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Boulevards of Asia

Jalan Jenderal Sudirman inJakarta
Keshavarz Boulevard ofTehran in mid 1970s
Roxas Boulevard inManila
Baku Boulevard

Australia and Oceania

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Australia

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New Zealand

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Boulevards of Oceania

St Kilda Road,Melbourne
Royal Parade, Melbourne
Marine Parade,Napier
Bealey Avenue, one ofChristchurch'sFour Avenues

Europe

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Austria

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Vienna Ring Road

Denmark

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Boulevards inCopenhagen:

France

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Main article:Boulevards of Paris

Germany

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Hungary

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Ireland

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O'Connell Street, Dublin

Italy

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Netherlands

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Lange Voorhout,The Hague

Spain

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Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes,Barcelona
Avenida de la Granvia de Hospitalet [es], Barcelona
Avinguda Diagonal, Barcelona
Alameda Principal,Málaga

Portugal

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Avenida da Liberdade,Lisbon

Russia

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Boulevard Ring, Moscow
- Tverskoy Boulevard^[4]
Garden Ring, Moscow

Ukraine

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Lesya Ukrainka Boulevard
Sections ofSmall Ring Road, Kyiv

Boulevards of Europe

Boulevard Haussmann in Paris
Combino Supra at theGrand Boulevard in Budapest
Foro Buonaparte [it] in Milan
Avinguda Diagonal in Barcelona
Clean Ponds in the wide median green ofChistoprudny Boulevard in Moscow

North America

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Canada

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Mexico

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Paseo de la Reforma, Mexico City

United States

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Boulevards of North America

Mexico City'sPaseo de la Reforma
Queens Boulevard inNew York City
Roosevelt Boulevard inPhiladelphia
North Kedzie Boulevard (3200W) at West Palmer Square (2200N) inChicago

South America

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Argentina

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Avenida 9 de Julio,Buenos Aires

Uruguay

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Artigas Boulevard,Montevideo

Brazil

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Avenida Rio Branco,Rio de Janeiro

Avenida São João,São Paulo

References

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^Wiktionnaire,[1]
^"Buses to Bring Change". Cebu Daily News. 20 June 2012. Retrieved16 September 2017.
^"Húsvét után jön a nagykörúti káosz".Index.hu. 17 April 2006. Retrieved16 September 2017.
^"Некоммерческий проект бульвары Москвы".Bulwar.ru. Archived fromthe original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved16 September 2017.

Books

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Jacobs, Allan B.; Elizabeth Macdonald; Yodan Rofé (2003).The Boulevard Book. The MIT Press.ISBN 978-0-262-60023-1.
Fiaccadori, Gianfranco; Malinverni, Alessandro; Mambriani, Carlo (2012).Guglielmo du Tillot: regista delle arti nell'età dei Lumi (in Italian). Parma: Fondazione Cariparma.ISBN 978-88-7898-064-8.OCLC 889616353.
Pastega, Agostino Brotto (2010).Antonio Gaidon 1738–1829. Un professionista ante litteram dal rilievo mappale al boulevard. Bassano: Associazione Interprofessionale Bassanese.

External links

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The dictionary definition ofboulevard at Wiktionary
Boulevards in Vietnam

Road hierarchy

Types of road

Limited-access	Freeway / Motorway Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway Elevated highway
By country	Australia Belgium Brazil Canada China Croatia Czech Republic Germany Greece Hong Kong India Ireland Italy Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Poland Portugal Spain Taiwan United Kingdom United States
Main roads	Arterial road Collector road County highway Express–collector setup Farm-to-market road Highway Link road Two-lane expressway 2+1 road 2+2 road Parkway Ring road Trunk road Highway systems by country
Local roads	Alley Avenue Back road Bicycle boulevard Boulevard Country lane Dead end Driveway Frontage road Green lane Main street Primitive road Side road Single-track road Sunken lane
Other terms	Concurrency Detour Road hierarchy Private highway Route number special route business route Street hierarchy Stravenue Stroad Toll road Winter road Bicycle highway Single carriageway

Road junctions

Interchanges (grade-separated)	Cloverleaf Diamond Free-flow Directional T Diverging diamond Parclo Raindrop Roundabout Single-point urban (SPUI) Stack Three-level diamond Trumpet
Intersections (at-grade)	3-way junction Bowtie Box junction Channelization Continuous flow Hook turn Jughandle Michigan left Offset T-intersection Protected intersection Quadrant roadway Right-in/right-out (RIRO) Roundabout Seagull intersection Split intersection Superstreet Texas U-turn Turnaround

Surfaces

Road safety
factors

Road and environment	Aquaplaning Avalanche Black ice Bleeding Crosswind Dead Man's Curve Expansion joint Fog Ford Hairpin turn Level crossing Manhole cover Oil spill Oversize load Pothole Road debris Road slipperiness Road train Roadkill Rockfall Rut Snow squall Speed bump Storm drain Traffic light Traffic sign Washboarding Washout Whiteout
Human factors	Driver's education Driving under the influence Drowsy driving Road rage Single-vehicle crash
Vehicles	Airbag Automotive safety Crumple zone Seat belt Risk compensation (road transport) Underride guard