Theglass bottle represented an important development in the history of wine, because, when combined with a high-qualitystopper such as acork, it allowed long-termaging of wine. Glass has all the qualities required for long-term storage. It eventually gave rise to "château bottling", the practice where an estate's wine is put in a bottle at the source, rather than by a merchant. Prior to this, wine used to be sold by thebarrel (and before that, theamphora) and put into bottles only at the merchant's shop, if at all. This left large and often abused opportunities for fraud and adulteration, as consumers had to trust the merchant as to the contents. It is thought that most wine consumed outside ofwine-producing regions had been tampered with in some way. Also, not all merchants were careful to avoidoxidation orcontamination while bottling, leading to largebottle variation. Particularly in the case ofport, certain conscientious merchants' bottling of old ports fetch higher prices even today. To avoid these problems, most fine wine is bottled at the place of production (including all port, since 1974).
There are many sizes and shapes of bottles used for wine. Some of the known shapes:
"Bordeaux": This bottle is roughly straight sided with a curved "shoulder" that is useful for catchingsediment and is also the easiest to stack. Traditionally used inBordeaux but now worldwide, this is probably the most common type.
"Burgundy": Traditionally used inBurgundy, this has sides that taper down about 2/3 of the height to a short cylindrical section, and does not have a shoulder.
"Champagne": Traditionally used forChampagne, it is similar to a Burgundy bottle, but with a wider base and heavier construction to withstand thepressure from the carbonation of thesparkling wine.
In 1872, Britishsoft drink makersHiram Codd ofCamberwell, London, designed and patented a bottle designed specifically forcarbonated drinks. TheCodd-neck bottle was designed and manufactured to enclose amarble and arubberwasher/gasket in the neck. The bottles were filled upside down, and pressure of thegas in the bottle forced the marble against the washer, sealing in the carbonation. The bottle was pinched into a special shape, as can be seen in the photo to the left, to provide a chamber into which the marble was pushed to open the bottle. This prevented the marble from blocking the neck as the drink was poured.
Soon after its introduction, the bottle became extremely popular with the soft drink andbrewing industries, mainly inEurope,Asia andAustralasia, though somealcohol drinkers disdained the use of the bottle. Oneetymology of the termcodswallop originates from beer sold in Codd bottles, though this is generally dismissed as afolk etymology.[4]
The bottles were regularly produced for many decades, but gradually declined in usage. Since children smashed the bottles to retrieve the marbles, they are relatively scarce and have becomecollector items; particularly in the UK. A cobalt-coloured Codd bottle today fetches hundreds ofBritish pounds at auction. The Codd-neck design is still used for theJapanese soft drinkRamune and in theIndian drink calledBanta.[5]
The plastic is strain oriented in the stretchblow molding manufacturing process. Plastic bottles are typically used to store liquids such aswater,soft drinks,motor oil,cooking oil,medicine,shampoo,milk, andink. The size ranges from very small sample bottles to very largecarboys. The main advantages of plastic bottles over glass are their superior resistance to breakage, in both production and transportation, as well as their light weight and low cost of production. Disadvantages include widespreadplastic pollution.
Analuminium bottle is a bottle made ofaluminium (or aluminum, outside ofBritish English). In some countries, it is also called a "bottlecan". It usually holds beer, soft drinks or wine.
Ahot water bottle is a bottle filled with hot water used to provide warmth. It can be made from various materials, most commonly rubber, but has historically been made from harder materials such as metal, glass, earthenware, or wood.
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