| Borj (an-)Neffara | |
|---|---|
برج النفارة | |
 The Borj Neffara, seen from the street next to theQarawiyyin Mosque. | |
 Interactive map of Borj (an-)Neffara | |
| General information | |
| Type | observation tower |
| Architectural style | Marinid,Moroccan |
| Location | Fez,Morocco |
| Coordinates | 34°03′53.3″N4°58′26″W / 34.064806°N 4.97389°W /34.064806; -4.97389 |
| Completed | mid-14th century |
| Technical details | |
| Material | brick |
TheBorj Neffara (Arabic:برج النفارة , "Tower of the Trumpeters") is a historicobservation tower and landmark near theQarawiyyin Mosque inFes el-Bali, theold city ofFes,Morocco. It is also referred to as theDar al-Muwaqqit (not to be confused with another Dar al-Muwaqqit inside the nearby Qarawiyyin Mosque and in other mosques).[1][2]
The construction of the tower is attributed to theMarinidsultanAbu Inan in the mid-14th century.[1] The tower is often mistaken for aminaret, but is architecturally distinguished from a minaret in part by the lack of alantern structure (a kind of mini-tower) at its top (though the nearby minaret of the Qarawiyyin Mosque also lacks this).[2] The tower is part of a slightly larger structure called theDar al-Muwaqqit ("House of the Timekeeper"), a term also used for the room or residence of the timekeeper (muwaqqit) in various mosques. The structure here consists of a house with two floors arranged around a central courtyard, with the tower rising on the house's southern side.[2][1]
The tower is reported to have served several functions, but the principal function appears to have been as a platform forastronomical observation carried out by amuwaqqit (timekeeper).[2][3] Many mosques already had a muwaqqit who was responsible for establishing the times of prayers and other time-related functions. This tower was meant to assist in determining the accurate beginning of the months (includingRamadan) in theIslamic lunar calendar, something for which astronomical observation was crucial.[2] The muwaqqit himself presumably lived and/or worked in the adjoining house.[citation needed]
The tower reportedly also doubled as afire lookout tower.[3] The tower's name, meaning "Tower of the Trumpeters", is a reference to the fact that during thefasting month ofRamadan,trumpeters would climb the tower and wake the people of the city just before dawn so that they could take their last meal (suhur) before the fasting period during the day.[2][4]
