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Border checkpoint

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Passage point on an international border
Not to be confused withBorder control.
"Frontier post" and "Border post" redirect here. For the Pakistani newspaper, seeThe Frontier Post. For the 2006 Serbo-Croatian film, seeThe Border Post. For the South African village, seeBorder Post, South Africa.
Sultan Iskandar Building, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Sultan Iskandar Building inJohor Bahru, Malaysia Singapore border
Woodlands Checkpoint, Singapore
Woodlands Checkpoint, Malaysia Singapore border
Johor Bahru Checkpoint (Malaysia) and Woodlands Checkpoint (Singapore) on theMalaysia–Singapore border handles the busiest international land border crossing in the world, with 350,000 travellers daily.[1][2]

Aborder checkpoint is a location on aninternational border where travelers or goodsare inspected and allowed (or denied) passage through. Authorization often is required to enter a country through its borders. Access-controlled borders often have a limited number of checkpoints where they can be crossed without legal sanctions. Arrangements or treaties may be formed to allow or mandateless restrained crossings (e.g. theSchengen Agreement). Land border checkpoints (land ports of entry) can be contrasted with thecustoms andimmigration facilities atseaports,international airports, and otherports of entry.

Checkpoints generally serve two purposes:

  • To prevent entrance of individuals who are either undesirable (e.g. criminals or others who pose threats) or simply unauthorized to enter.
  • To prevent entrance of goods that are illegal or subject to restriction, or to collecttariffs.

Checkpoints are usually staffed by a uniformed service (sometimes referred to ascustoms service orborder patrol agents).

In some countries (e.g. China) there are border checkpoints for both those entering and those exiting the country, while in others (e.g. U.S. and Canada), there are border checkpoints only when entering the country.

Definitions in European Union (Schengen) law

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See also:Schengen Area
Italian-Swiss border post – since Switzerland joined theSchengen Area in 2008, this checkpoint is solely for customs formalities

TheSchengenBorders Code, which forms part of the law of theEuropean Union, defines some terms as follows (particularities with respect to the EU are left out, in order to emphasize general usability of those definitions):[3]

  • "Border crossing point" means any crossing point authorized by the competent authorities for the crossing of external borders (Article 2 sec. 8 of the Schengen Borders Code);
  • "Border control" means the activity carried out at a border, [...] in response exclusively to an intention to cross or the act of crossing that border, regardless of any other consideration, consisting of border checks and border surveillance (Article 2 sec. 9 of the Schengen Borders Code);
  • "Border checks" means the checks carried out at border crossing points, to ensure that persons, including their means of transport and the objects in their possession, may be authorised to enter the territory [...] or authorised to leave it (Article 2 sec. 10 of the Schengen Borders Code);
  • "Border surveillance" means the surveillance of borders between border crossing points and the surveillance of border crossing points outside the fixed opening hours, in order to prevent persons from circumventing border checks (Article 2 sec. 10 of the Schengen Borders Code).
  • "Second line check" means a further check which may be carried out in a special location away from the location at which all persons are checked (first line)

These definitions mean that a place where a road crosses an internal Schengen border is legally not a "border crossing point".

Busiest checkpoints in the world

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Land

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This is a list of the busiestland border checkpoints in the world, handling more than 35 million travelers in both directions annually. These travelers (or individual crossings) comprise pedestrians, drivers and vehicle passengers. International border checkpoints are in green.

Notes:

  • As the United States does not have border checkpoints for outgoing traffic, incoming traffic figures are doubled to give a fair comparison. See detailed notes in table.
  • El Paso Port of Entry has been excluded, as its total represents the sum ofsix individual checkpoints at the end of six separate bridges, with no single checkpoint meeting the minimum number of crossings required for this list.[4][5]
RankBorder checkpointsAnnual TravelersNotes
1Gongbei PortChinaMacauPosto Fronteiriço das Portas do Cerco134,000,000(2018)[6]
2Sultan Iskandar BuildingMalaysiaSingaporeWoodlands Checkpoint127,750,000(2012)[2][Note 1]
3Luohu PortChinaHong KongLo Wu Control Point81,707,959(2017)[7]
4Puerto Fronterizo El ChaparralMexicoUnited States of AmericaSan Ysidro Port of Entry69,300,000(2018)[8][Note 2]
5Futian PortChinaHong KongLok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Point59,464,480(2017)[7]
6Shenzhen Bay PortChinaHong KongShenzhen Bay Control Point45,118,797(2017)[7]
7Huanggang PortChinaHong KongLok Ma Chau Control Point37,059,848(2017)[7]
8Puerto Fronterizo Mesa de OtayMexicoUnited States of AmericaOtay Mesa Port of Entry35,400,000(2018)[8][Note 2]

Air

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Main article:List of busiest airports by international passenger traffic

This is a list of the busiestairports in the world, byinternational passenger traffic, as of 2018. Airports serving international passengers are effectively checkpoints, and have the proper customs, immigration and quarantine facilities.Airports Council International's (January–December) preliminary figures are as follows.[9]

RankAirportAnnual Passengers
1Dubai International AirportUnited Arab Emirates88,885,367
2London Heathrow AirportUnited Kingdom75,306,939
3Hong Kong International AirportHong Kong74,360,976
4Amsterdam Airport SchipholNetherlands70,956,258[Note 3]
5Seoul Incheon International AirportSouth Korea67,676,147
6Paris-Charles de Gaulle AirportFrance66,383,494[Note 3]
7Singapore Changi AirportSingapore64,890,000
8Frankfurt AirportGermany61,774,663[Note 3]
9Suvarnabhumi AirportThailand50,868,846
10Atatürk International AirportTurkey48,978,770

Sea

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This is a list of the busiestseaports in the world, with proper customs, immigration and quarantine facilities to be deemed asmaritime checkpoints. Although figures simply represent total passenger traffic, most (if not, all) of the passengers served at these ports are bound for other countries and have to pass through checkpoint (i.e. the port is not a domestic one). This list only includes ports that handle more than 4 million passengers annually.

Note:

  • The four passenger ports in China, Hong Kong and Macau in this list operate services to and from each other. These passenger ports are effectively checkpoints, as they have the proper customs, immigration and quarantine facilities.
RankPortAnnual PassengersNotes
1Taipa Ferry TerminalMacau24,000,000(2017)[10][Note 4]
2Hong Kong–Macau Ferry TerminalHong Kong17,317,037(2017)[7]
3Outer Harbour Ferry TerminalMacau15,000,000(2013)[11]
4Port of HelsinkiFinland12,300,000(2017)[12][Note 3]
5Port of DoverUnited Kingdom11,700,000(2017)[13]
6Hong Kong-China Ferry TerminalHong Kong7,074,940(2017)[7]
7PortMiamiUSA4,800,000(2017)[14]
8Port CanaveralUSA4,500,000(2016)[15]

Gallery

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See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toBorder crossings.

Notes

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  1. ^ Sultan / Woodlands: sum of 2012 daily average
  2. ^abSan Diego / Tijuana: Northbound individual crossings are recorded, as listed in aworkbookArchived 2019-07-15 at theWayback Machine by theUSDOT. As southbound border crossings counts are not formally produced and publicly available, it is estimated that a similar number of crossings occurs from San Diego to Tijuana, as has previously been done in areportArchived 2021-04-29 at theWayback Machine by theSANDAG. Since this is an estimate, the resulting figure has been rounded off to the nearest 100,000.
  3. ^abcdSchengen Area: This airport or seaport is located in the Schengen Area, in which internal border checks have largely been abolished (particularly land borders), though there can be temporary checkpoints or passport requirements at check in. Thus, flights/ships within the area may have a large number of international passengers travel wholly within this area without passing through permanent border checkpoints within the airport or seaport facility, with those passengers potentially counted in domestic totals. The figures for airports and seaports in these tables represent international passengers, per breakdown data supplied byAirports Council International, and it is unclear whether these figures include or exclude intra-Schengen Area passengers as international.
  4. ^Taipa Ferry Terminal: annual average of 2013 to 2017 five year total

References

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  1. ^"Clearing the Causeway". 2018-06-09. Retrieved2019-02-07.
  2. ^abLim, Yan Liang (2013-10-13)."A Look at Woodlands Checkpoint".The Straits Times. Archived fromthe original on 2020-03-23. Retrieved2019-06-13.
  3. ^"Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 establishing a Community Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders (Schengen Borders Code)". 2006-04-13. Retrieved2007-11-25.
  4. ^"Point of Entry El Paso | 2018".Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts.
  5. ^"Border Crossings Entry Data –Annual Data | 2018".USDOT.
  6. ^"Macau | Gongbei Border crossings in 2018 highest ever in China – Zhuhai Gov't".Macau Business. 2019-01-03. Retrieved2019-06-14.
  7. ^abcdef"Immigration Department Annual Report 2017".www.immd.gov.hk. Retrieved2019-06-14.
  8. ^ab"Workbook: Border Crossing Annual Data".explore.dot.gov. Archived fromthe original on 2019-07-15. Retrieved2019-06-14.
  9. ^"ACI World releases preliminary 2018 world airport traffic rankings Passenger traffic: Passenger traffic remains resilient but cargo hubs see volume growth weaken India becomes world's third largest aviation market for passenger traffic".www.aci.aero. 2019-03-13. Archived fromthe original on 2020-05-17. Retrieved2019-04-10.
  10. ^"Taipa Ferry Terminal Now Operational".Macao Government Tourism Office. June 2017. Retrieved15 June 2019.
  11. ^"Govt to spend 80 million on upgrading Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal".Macau News. 25 July 2013. Retrieved15 June 2019.
  12. ^Tekniikka&Talous (17 January 2018)."The Port of Helsinki takes the top spot among European passenger ports".Port of Helsinki. Archived fromthe original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved5 October 2019.
  13. ^"About/Performance".Port of Dover. Archived fromthe original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved10 July 2018.
  14. ^Forgione, Mary (25 July 2017)."World's busiest cruise ports are in Florida".latimes.com. Retrieved16 June 2019.
  15. ^Barth, Cindy (16 November 2017)."Port Canaveral posts record cruise numbers for FY 2017".bizjournals.com. Retrieved16 June 2019.
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