Boone County was settled primarily from theUpper South states ofKentucky,Tennessee and further east ofVirginia. The settlers broughtslaves and idea of slave-holding with them, and quickly started cultivating crops similar to those inMiddle Tennessee and the bluegrass state of Kentucky: hemp and tobacco. Boone was one of several counties to the north and south of the diagonal flowing southwestwardMissouri River that was settled by mostlySoutherners. Because of its culture and traditions, the area became known asLittle Dixie, and Boone County was at its heart.[3] In 1860 slaves made up 25 percent or more of the county's population, Boone County was strongly pro-Confederacy during theAmerican Civil War (1861-1865).[4]
Shortly after theassassination / murder in April 1865, of 16th PresidentAbraham Lincoln (1809-1865, served 1861-1865), the leading citizens of the county and its county seat town denounced the killing. They also directed that all public buildings including the county courthouse and the nearby state university be draped in black mourning for thirty days.[5]
According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 691 square miles (1,790 km2), of which 685 square miles (1,770 km2) is land and 5.6 square miles (15 km2) (0.8%) is water.[6] TheMissouri River makes up the southern border of the county.
U.S. Decennial Census[7] 1790–1960[8] 1900–1990[9] 1990–2000[10] 2010–2020[1]
As of thecensus[12] of 2000, there were 135,454 people, 53,094 households, and 31,378 families residing in the county. The population density was 198 inhabitants per square mile (76/km2). There were 56,678 housing units at an average density of 83 units per square mile (32/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 85.43%White, 8.54%Black orAfrican American, 0.42%Native American, 2.96%Asian, 0.03%Pacific Islander, 0.69% fromother races, and 1.93% from two or more races. Approximately 1.78% of the population wereHispanic orLatino of any race. 24.6% claimedGerman, 12.3%American, 11.2%English and 9.8%Irish ancestry.
There were 53,094 households, out of which 30.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.50% weremarried couples living together, 10.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.90% were non-families. 28.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.80% under the age of 18, 19.90% from 18 to 24, 29.90% from 25 to 44, 18.80% from 45 to 64, and 8.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.90 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $37,485, and the median income for a family was $51,210. Males had a median income of $33,304 versus $25,990 for females. Theper capita income for the county was $19,844. About 7.60% of families and 14.50% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 12.10% of those under age 18 and 5.90% of those age 65 or over.
There are 127,433 registered voters as of 2022.[13]
According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2010), Boone County is sometimes regarded as being on the northern edge of the so-calledBible Belt, with evangelicalProtestantism being the most predominant religious faith represented. The most predominant denominations among residents in Boone County who adhere to a religion are theBaptists with the largest being from the conservativeSouthern Baptist Convention (20.81%),Roman Catholics (16.71%), and smaller / minornondenominational orevangelical groups (13.23%).
A map of the most college-educated counties in the United States
Boone County is the most highly educated county in Missouri. A majority of adult residents over the age of 25 have Bachelor's degrees.[citation needed]
School districts in the county, including those based in other counties that cover portions of this one, include:[15]
Township boundaries have changed over time. See links at end of article for maps of Boone County showing boundaries of different dates. As a rule, older townships were split, with newer townships created from their subdivisions. This is significant for historical and genealogical research. Note that maps show changes in township boundaries between 1898 and 1930 were minimal.
As a county anchored by a college town, Boone holds a Democratic tendency at the local, state, and federal levels. It is the only Democratic stronghold in Missouri outside ofGreater St. Louis and theKansas City metropolitan area.
Boone County is also very progressive on ballot measures, voting forMedicaid expansion in 2020 andlegal abortion in 2024, unlike all of its neighboring counties. Both amendments only narrowly passed statewide, making Boone County's votes crucial.
Like nearly all other U.S. counties housing a major university, theDemocratic Party predominantly controls politics at the local level in Boone County. Democrats currently hold all of the elected county-wide positions.
Boone County is split between five legislative districts in theMissouri House of Representatives. Three are held by Republicans, with two held by Democrats.
District 44 — Cheri Toalson Reisch (R-Hallsville). Consists of the communities of Centralia, Hallsville, Sturgeon, and northeastern Columbia.
Missouri House of Representatives — District 44 — Boone County (2020)
All of Boone County is a part of Missouri's 19th District in theMissouri Senate and is currently represented byCaleb Rowden (R-Columbia), who is the Majority Floor Leader. However, Democrats have carried Boone County in recent elections.
Missouri Senate — District 19 — Boone County (2020)
Northern Boone County is included inMissouri's 4th Congressional District and is currently represented byMark Alford (R-Lake Winnebago, Missouri) in theU.S. House of Representatives. On October 27, 2021, Alford Sr. announced his candidacy for the United States House of Representatives in Missouri's 4th congressional district as a Republican in the 2022 elections. He won the Republican nomination in the August 2 primary election and won the November 8 general election.
Boone County, along with the rest of the state of Missouri, is represented in theU.S. Senate byJosh Hawley (R-Columbia) andEric Schmitt (R-Glendale). However, their Democratic opponents carried Boone County in each of their respective most recent elections.
The 2020 presidential primaries for both the Democratic and Republican parties were held in Missouri on March 10. On the Democratic side, formerVice PresidentJoe Biden (D-Delaware) both won statewide by a wide margin and carried a majority in Boone County. Biden went on to defeatPresidentDonald Trump in the general election.
Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary – Boone County (2020)
The 2016 presidential primaries for both the Republican and Democratic parties were held in Missouri on March 15. BusinessmanDonald Trump (R-New York) narrowly won the state overall, butSenatorTed Cruz (R-Texas) carried a plurality of the vote in Boone County. Trump went on to win the nomination and the presidency.
Missouri Republican Presidential Primary – Boone County (2016)
The 2012 Missouri Republican Presidential Primary's results were nonbinding on the state's national convention delegates. Voters in Boone County supported formerU.S. SenatorRick Santorum (R-Pennsylvania), who finished first in the state at large, but eventually lost the nomination to formerGovernorMitt Romney (R-Massachusetts). Delegates to the congressional district and state conventions were chosen at a county caucus, which selected a delegation favoringCongressmanRon Paul (R-Texas). IncumbentPresidentBarack Obama easily won the Missouri Democratic Primary and renomination. He defeated Romney in the general election.
In 2008, the Missouri Republican Presidential Primary was closely contested, withSenatorJohn McCain (R-Arizona) prevailing and eventually winning the nomination. FormerGovernorMitt Romney (R-Massachusetts) won a plurality in Boone County.
Missouri Republican Presidential Primary – Boone County (2008)
Then-SenatorBarack Obama (D-Illinois) received more votes than any candidate from either party in Boone County during the 2008 presidential primary. Despite initial reports thatHillary Clinton (D-New York), also asenator at the time, had won Missouri, Obama narrowly defeated her statewide and later became that year's Democratic nominee, going on to win the presidency.
Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary – Boone County (2008)
The Boone County Fire Protection District responding to a working structure fire.
TheBoone County Sheriff has jurisdiction over the whole county. The Boone County Fire Protection District (BCFPD) providesfire protection andemergency medical services for a large portion of Boone County, Missouri.[21] The BCFPD is the largest volunteer fire department and third largest fire service organization in the state, protecting 492 square miles (1,270 km2) of residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural property and over 50,000 people.[21] The Boone County Fire District maintains 15 fire stations, a training center, and a headquarters facility.[22]
Prior to 1964, there was no organizedfire protection in Boone County. This changed after an elderly handicapped woman died in a house fire just west of the city limits ofColumbia. A small group ofCB radio enthusiasts, known as the Central Missouri Radio Squad, banded together to develop a fire protection system for Boone County.[23]
^T. J. Stiles,Jesse James: The Last Rebel of the Civil War, New York: Vintage Books, 2003, pp.10–11
^PAPERS RELATING TO FOREIGN AFFAIRS, ACCOMPANYING THE ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE SECOND SESSION THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS, PART IV, APPENDIX TO DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE OF 1865; THE ASSASSINATION OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN, LATE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND THE ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF WILLIAM H. SEWARD, SECRETARY OF STATE, AND FREDERICK W. SEWARD, ASSISTANT SECRETARY, ON THE EVENING OF April 14, 1865; EXPRESSIONS OF CONDOLENCE AND SYMPATHY INSPIRED BY THESE EVENTS; Foreign Relations of the United States; Washington DC, 1866, Document 1090
History of Boone County, Missouri: Written and comp. from the most authentic official and private sources; including a history of its townships, towns, and villages. Together with ... biographical sketches and portraits of prominent citizens (1882)online