Until the 1800s, Şişli was open countryside, used for hunting, agriculture and leisure. It was developed as a middle class residential district during the last years of theOttoman Empire and the early years of theTurkish Republic (the late 19th-early 20th centuries).French culture was an important influence in this period and the wide avenues of Şişli were lined with large stone buildings with high ceilings andArt Nouveau wrought-iron balconies, which often had little elevators on wires in the middle of the stairways. This tradingmiddle-class was composed ofJews,Greeks andArmenians,[6] as well as someTurks, many of whom built homes in Şişli after a large fire devastated the neighbouring district of Pera (nowBeyoğlu) in 1870. To this day, several families fromIstanbul's localArmenian community live in theKurtuluş neighbourhood of Şişli.[7][8] The area was also popular with theCatholicLevantine trading families of this period who settled in Istanbul for trade or were contracted by theOttoman Empire.[6] Şişli also attracted migrants from former possessions in Greece and the Balkans. In the late 19th century, Şişli was one of the first areas supplied with tramlines, electricity and natural gas. TheDarülaceze orphanage and the largeŞişli Etfal Hospital were built here in this period, as well as the French schools ofSt. Michel andNotre Dame de Sion.
Following the founding of the Turkish Republic in the 1920s, larger and larger buildings were built along wide avenues such as Halaskargazi Caddesi, the main road that runs through the middle of Şişli, with its little arcades of shops below tall apartment and office buildings. In the republican era, the area was still popular with the middle classes but also attracted a growing population of traders. Writers and poets also favoured the area, and Şişli acquired theatres, cafes and other cultural amenities. TheHilton Istanbul Bosphorus was built here in the 1950s and many others followed.
From the 1950s onwards people from Anatolia began to migrate to Istanbul in search of work. In most cases they built themselves illegal squats on unclaimed or government-owned land (seegecekondu). Some of these people settled in parts of Şişli in the 1950s and 1960s, especially in the northern sections of the district, aroundMecidiyeköy.
Now that the wealthy elite of central Şişli has moved into less central suburbs of the city, the large buildings on the grand avenues are occupied by offices, banks, and big shops, forming the largest part of theIstanbul Central Business District. Since the 1970's, most older buildings have been pulled down and replaced with newer, and less traditional, multi-storey structures. The back streets are still residential, and many working-class families and students have settled there. There are plenty of shops, cafés, pubs, and other amenities. Although Şişli is not a wealthy district today, its central location still makes it a desirable place to live by many.
Being a central area well-served with public-transport and other infrastructure,[citation needed] Şişli is a center of trade and shopping. The main road through Şişli up to the skyscrapers of Mecidiyeköy, Gayrettepe,Levent and beyond is now lined with office blocks. Europe's largest and the world's second largest (urban-area) shopping mall,Cevahir İstanbul, is situated here. Due to Şişli's middle-class past and the enduring quality of some neighbourhoods the area is home to many upmarket shops mainly in the affluentNişantaşı area. Parking is an enduring problem, especially in the narrow side-streets.
People also come to Şişli for schooling; this city-centre area has some well-known high schools and a great number ofdersane (preparatory courses for the annual university entrance exams), evening and weekend schools where people come to cram for university or high school entrance examinations, or to learn English.
There are many well-established cafes and restaurants.
Şişli Merkez (lit. "Şişli Center") and Cumhuriyet Avenue (Cumhuriyet Caddesi) to its south, commonly calledBomonti after the formerBomonti Brewery, now repurposed as the Bomontiada arts center,[12][13] including the Babylon event venue featuring regular live music.[14] There is also a presidential museum, and photography on display at the Ara Guler Museum. The name Bomonti is referenced in the name of the Bomonti Hilton hotel, the 39-story Bomonti Park tower,[15] etc.
Esentepe - home to the Municipality of Şişli andZincirlikuyu Cemetery. Neighboring Gayrettepe andLevent neighborhoods ofBeşiktaş district andMecidiyeköy neighborhood, Esentepe also covers the west side of Büyükdere Street atLevent, where most of the plazas are located.
Kurtuluş – formerlyTatavla (Greek:Ταταύλα, "horse stable") in theOttoman period, was home to aGreek and laterArmenian community. The district had mostly wooden houses until the fire on April 13, 1929. Afterwards, it was rebuilt in narrow stone streets and, over time, concrete buildings, lined with cafés, patisseries, and shops. This cosmopolitan district has a long history, and has been home to many singers, artists, and actors. There are a small number of old apartment buildings. It was also known mainly for its traditional carnival, which was organized every year before Lent. The peak of the carnival, on the last day of Lent, took place in Kurtuluş and was known asBaklahorani.[16] After theriots of 1955, the Greek community left the area; however, their churches are open on religious holidays.
Teşvikiye – uphill fromBeşiktaş, an area with many classic European-style buildings as well as a busy high-class shopping district. Since the 19th century, Teşvikiye has been home to many writers (including journalistAbdi Ipekçi, who was assassinated here in 1979), politicians and a great number of prominent business families and still holds a well-established middle-class, including some descendants ofLevantine andJewish families that built many of the stone apartment buildings of Teşvikiye in theOttoman period. Prominent buildings include theMilli Reasürans building, and theneo-BaroqueTeşvikiye Mosque, who established the neighbourhood by building the mosque and the nearby historic Teşvikiye Police Station, encouraging citizens of Istanbul to settle in this new district (hence the nameTeşvikiye, fromteşvik, encouragement in Turkish.)Abdi İpekçi Avenue. There are a number of well-known schools, including some buildings ofMarmara University andIşık Lisesi.
Nişantaşı – neighbourhood encompassing Teşvikiye and Harbiye, famous for its manyArt Nouveau apartment buildings. The American Hospital, one of the city's best hospitals, is also located here. Nişantaşı is famous for high-end shopping along Abdi İpekçi Caddesi, Turkey's most expensive street in terms of lease prices, and the city's Nişantaşı mall.
Mecidiyeköy – Business and shopping district north of the O-1 highway; Istanbul's main market for computer equipment. Narrow streets of tall office buildings. Home ofGalatasaray football club'sAli Sami Yen Stadium. TheProfilo Shopping Center, with its food court, cinemas and bowling alley, is here.Mecidiyeköy Antikacılar Çarşısı (Mecidiyeköy Antiques Bazaar), a large multi-storey building with dozens of antiques shops (the largest of its kind in Istanbul) is located at the eastern edge.
Okmeydanı – in the north of Şişli, home to some large hospitals. This was the archery practice ground of the Ottoman armies (hence the name, lit.thesquare of arrows), an Ottoman mosque was built here. Later the land was planted with fruit trees, and in the 1960s turned over to developers for building as the city expanded. Darülaceze, the Ottoman-period orphanage, is here, built in 1896.
Kuştepe – north of the O-1 highway, agecekondu (illegally built) district of poor housing traditionally occupied by theRomani people in Turkey community and recent migrants from the countryside. Trump Tower and AVM (mall) are located here along the O-1.[17]
^Didem Danış, Ebru Kayaalp."Elmadağ: A Neighborhood in Flux"(PDF). Institut français d'études anatoliennes Georges Dumézil. p. 19. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 1 March 2012. Retrieved16 December 2011.