| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Toxteth,Wavertree,Liverpool city centre,Kensington,Aigburth | |
| Languages | |
| English | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Mixed British • Black British • Caribbeans |
Liverpool-born Blacks are people of Black African ancestry born in the city ofLiverpool. Liverpool has the United Kingdom's oldest and longest established black community, going back several generations.[1] Liverpool's black community is also unusual among those in the United Kingdom, as the Liverpool-born Black British community often constitute a category distinct from later African and Afro-Caribbean migrants.[2]
Dating to the 1730s, the Black community of Liverpool is Britain's oldest, with some Liverpudlians being able to trace their black heritage for as many as ten generations. The community dates back to theAmerican Revolutionary War withBlack Loyalists settling in the city. They were later followed by moreAfrican-American soldiers. The original African-American community was followed in the 19th and 20th centuries by sailors and soldiers from all over theWest Indies andWest Africa.[3] The black community experienced continued growth due to the location of Liverpool as a port city. Liverpool's port attracted many servicemen and seafarers, includingAfrican Americans,Jamaicans,Trinidadians,Belizeans,Guyanese,Nigerians,Ghanaians,Gambians, and others from all over the Caribbean and Africa.[4] Mostly settling in theToxteth district, they joined already settledEnglish,Irish,Welsh,Chinese and to a lesser extentIndians of seafarer or serviceman heritage. The Liverpudlian Black community became aMixed-race community early on, with intermarriages taking place on a large scale among people with African, European and Asian roots. In turn most of today's Liverpudlian Blacks, even adding more recent Afro-Caribbean and African migrants, are product of a community that became a distinct multiracial community centuries ago. This process made the Liverpudlian Black community possibly the most distinctBlack British community in the United Kingdom, creating a community that is native as well as unique to the country.[3] In 2009 the black community was estimated to make up 1.9% of Liverpool's population.[5] By 2011 the population of Liverpool was 2.8% black according to the 2011 census.
The Liverpool Black community experienced unrest early on, with race riots going back to the time of soldiers returning from theFirst World War. In 1919, as part ofthat year's race riots, white mobs descended on the predominantly black/mixed-race areas of Toxteth, leading to the drowning of a black former sailor Charles Wootton, from theNorth AtlanticImperial fortresscolony ofBermuda.[6][7]
Between 31 July and 2 August 1948, Liverpool experienced three nights of racial violence on a scale not witnessed since the end of the First World War.[8]
Infamous were the1981 Toxteth riots, which was the direct result of long-standing tensions between the local police and the black community and that saw hundreds of police and public injured, one man dead, 500 arrested, 70 buildings destroyed and damage estimated at £11m.[9]
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