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Black Sea Governorate

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Coordinates:44°43′00″N37°46′00″E / 44.7167°N 37.7667°E /44.7167; 37.7667

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Governorate of the Russian Empire

Governorate in Caucasus, Russian Empire

Black Sea Governorate Черноморская губернія
Governorate
Coat of arms
Administrative map of the Black Sea Governorate
Country	Russian Empire
Viceroyalty	Caucasus
Established	1849
Abolished	1917
Capital	Novorossiysk
Area
• Total	6,675.68 km² (2,577.49 sq mi)
Population (1916)
• Total	178,306
• Density	27/km² (69/sq mi)
• Urban	46.39%
• Rural	53.61%

TheBlack Sea Governorate^[a] was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of theCaucasus Viceroyalty of theRussian Empire, established in 1896 on the territory of theBlack Sea Okrug [ru] of theKuban Oblast. The administrative center of the governorate was the Black Sea port ofNovorossiysk. In 1905, the population of the governorate was approximately 70,000 and its area was 6,455square versts (7,346 km²; 2,836 sq mi), making it the smallest Russian governorate by both measures.^[1] The governorate ceased to exist when theBlack Sea Soviet Republic was established on its territory in the spring of 1918—later the governorate was incorporated into theKuban-Black Sea Oblast of theRussian SFSR in March 1920.

Administrative divisions

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The districts (okrugs) of the Black Sea Governorate in 1917 were as follows:^[2]^[3]

Name	Administrative centre			Population		Area
Name		1897^[4]	1916^[5]	1897	1916	Area
Novorossiysky okrug (Новороссійскій округъ)	Novorossiysk	16,869	51,651	34,908	75,021	999.13square versts (1,137.07 km²; 439.03 sq mi)
Sochinsky okrug (Сочинскій округъ)	Sochi	1,392	13,254	13,519	62,920	3,304.84square versts (3,761.11 km²; 1,452.17 sq mi)
Tuapsinsky okrug (Туапсинскій округъ)	Tuapse	1,352	17,817	9,051	40,365	1,561.86square versts (1,777.49 km²; 686.29 sq mi)

Demographics

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Russian Empire Census

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According to theRussian Empire Census, the Black Sea Governorate had a population of 57,478 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 34,776 men and 22,702 women. The plurality of the population indicatedRussian to be their mother tongue, with significantUkrainian,Armenian, andGreek speaking minorities.^[2]

Linguistic composition of the Black Sea Governorate in 1897^[2]
Native language	Number	%
Russian	24,635	42.86
Ukrainian	9,252	16.10
Armenian	6,285	10.93
Greek	5,969	10.38
Circassian	1,939	3.37
Czech	1,290	2.24
Jewish	990	1.72
Georgian	967	1.68
Romanian	923	1.61
Estonian	791	1.38
German	748	1.30
Polish	731	1.27
Belarusian	659	1.15
Turkish	650	1.13
Mingrelian	304	0.53
Tatar^[b]	291	0.51
Persian	210	0.37
Imeretian	158	0.27
Other	686	1.19
TOTAL	57,478	100.00

Religious composition of the Black Sea Governorate in 1897^[8]
Faith	Male	Female	Both
Faith	Male	Female	Number	%
Eastern Orthodox	26,085	16,980	43,065	74.92
Armenian Apostolic	3,506	2,635	6,141	10.68
Muslim	2,072	1,031	3,103	5.40
Roman Catholic	1,485	944	2,429	4.23
Lutheran	835	580	1,415	2.46
Judaism	567	461	1,028	1.79
Old Believer	53	36	89	0.15
Armenian Catholic	58	24	82	0.14
Reformed	70	1	71	0.12
Karaite	18	6	24	0.04
Anglican	4	2	6	0.01
Mennonite	0	2	2	0.00
Baptist	1	0	1	0.00
Other Christian denomination	5	0	5	0.01
Other non-Christian denomination	17	0	17	0.03
TOTAL	34,776	22,702	57,478	100.00

Linguistic composition of urban settlements in the Black Sea Governorate in 1897^[9]
Urban settlement	Russian		Ukrainian		Greek		TOTAL
Urban settlement	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	TOTAL
Novorossiysk	10,860	64.27	2,177	12.88	931	5.51	16,897
Tuapse	827	59.41	116	8.33	189	13.58	1,392
Sochi	513	37.94	269	19.90	26	1.92	1,352
TOTAL	12,200	62.11	2,562	13.04	1,146	5.83	19,641

Kavkazskiy kalendar

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According to the 1917 publication ofKavkazskiy kalendar, the Black Sea Governorate had a population of 178,306 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 104,488 men and 73,818 women, 108,893 of whom were the permanent population, and 69,413 were temporary residents:^[3]

Nationality	Urban		Rural		TOTAL
Nationality	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Russians	65,582	79.28	54,339	56.85	119,921	67.26
Other Europeans	6,246	7.55	15,107	15.80	21,353	11.98
Armenians	2,347	2.84	15,712	16.44	18,059	10.13
Georgians	1,750	2.12	4,336	4.54	6,086	3.41
Asiatic Christians	3,407	4.12	1,932	2.02	5,339	2.99
North Caucasians	672	0.81	3,426	3.58	4,104	2.30
Jews	1,784	2.16	9	0.01	1,793	1.01
Shia Muslims^[c]	922	1.11	649	0.68	1,571	0.88
Sunni Muslims^[d]	12	0.01	56	0.06	68	0.04
Roma	0	0.00	12	0.01	12	0.01
TOTAL	82,722	100.00	95,584	100.00	178,306	100.00

Notes

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^
- Russian:Черномо́рская губе́рнія,romanized: Chernomórskaya gubérniya
^Before 1918,Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred toTurkic-speaking Muslims of theSouth Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of theAzerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during theSoviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".^[6]^[7]
^Primarily Tatars.^[10]
^Primarily Turco-Tatars.^[10]

References

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^Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона.Черноморская губерния.Том 4. 1907. (Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, vol. 4. 1907.)
^^a ^b ^c"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved2022-02-26.
^^a ^bКавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 214–217.
^"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved2024-09-21.
^Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian).
^Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
^Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
^"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved2022-03-04.
^"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved2022-03-04.
^^a ^bHovannisian 1971, p. 67.

Bibliography

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Bournoutian, George A. (2018).Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon:Routledge.ISBN 978-1-351-06260-2.OCLC 1037283914.

Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971).The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley:University of California Press.ISBN 978-0520019843.
Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917.Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014).Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus(PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven:Yale University Press.ISBN 9780300153088.Archived(PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.

v t e Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
Governorates (List)	Azov¹ +Altai² Arkhangelsk Archangelgorod Astrakhan Belgorod Bessarabia Bratslav Belarus Caucasus Chernigov Grodno Finland Iziaslav Ingermanland Irkutsk Kazan Kaluga Kiev (1708) Kiev Kharkov Kherson Kholm Kovno Kolyvan Kostroma Kursk Lithuania Little Russia (1764) Little Russia (1796) Minsk Mogilev Moscow Nikolayev Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod-Seversky Novgorod Novorossiya Olonets Orenburg Oryol Penza Perm Petrograd² Podolia Polotsk* Poltava Pskov Ryazan Samara Saint Petersburg Saratov Siberia Simbirsk Sloboda Ukraine Slonim Smolensk Stavropol Taurida Tambov Tver Tobolsk Tomsk Tula Ufa Vilna Vitebsk Vladimir Voznesensk Vologda Volhynia Voronezh Vyatka Vyborg Yaroslavl Yekaterinoslav Yeniseysk
Oblasts	Amur Belostok Bessarabia Don Host Transbaikal Kamchatka Caspian Kwantung Orenburg Kirghiz Omsk Primorskaya Sakhalin Taurida Tarnopol Turgay Ural Yakutsk
Oblasts ofStepnoy Krai	Akmolinsk Siberian Kirghiz Semipalatinsk
Oblasts ofTurkestan Krai	Transcaspian Samarkand Semirechye Oblast Syr-Darya Oblast Turkestan Fergana
Caucasus Viceroyalty	Baku (Governorate) Black Sea Derbent Elizavetpol Erivan Georgia-Imeretia Georgia Kutaisi Shemakha Tiflis Armenian Batum Dagestan Imeretia Kars Kuban Terek Sukhumi Zakatal Baku (Gradonachalstvo)
Baltic Governorates³	Courland Livonia Reval Riga Estonia
Governorates ofFinland	Åbo-Björneborg Vasa Vyborg Kuopio Nyland St. Michel Tavastehus Uleåborg
Governorates ofPoland	Avgustov Warsaw Kalish Keltsy Krakov Lomzha Lyublin Mazovia Petrokov Plotsk Podlyashye Radom Sandomir Sedlets Suvalki
Governorates of Galicia and Bukovina	Lvov Peremyshl Tarnopol Chernovtsy
Dependencies	Bukey Horde Emirate of Bukhara Khanate of Kokand Russian America Uryankhay Krai² Khanate of Khiva Zeravshan Okrug*
¹Italics indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914. ² An asterisk (+) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914. ³Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship was abolished in 1876.

Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)

Capital: Tiflis (Tbilisi)

Special administrative divisions

Governorates

Baku Governorate	Baku uezd Geokchay uezd Javad uezd Kuba uezd Lenkoran uezd Shemakha uezd
Elizavetpol Governorate	Aresh uezd Jevanshir uezd Elizavetpol uezd Zangezur uezd Kazakh uezd Jebrail uezd Nukha uezd Shusha uezd
Kutaisi Governorate	Zugdidi uezd Kutaisi uezd Lechkhumi uezd Ozurgeti uezd Racha uezd Senaki uezd Shorapani uezd
Tiflis Governorate	Akhalkalaki uezd Akhaltsikhe uezd Borchaly uezd Gori uezd Dusheti uezd Signakh uezd Telavi uezd Tiflis uezd Tionety uezd
Black Sea Governorate	Novorossiysky okrug Sochinsky okrug Tuapsinsky okrug
Erivan Governorate	Alexandropol uezd Nakhichevan uezd Nor Bayazet uezd Surmalu uezd Sharur-Daralayaz uezd Erivan uezd Etchmiadzin uezd

Oblasts

Batum oblast	Artvin okrug Batumi okrug
Dagestan oblast	Avarskiy okrug Andiyskiy okrug Gunibskiy okrug Darginskiy okrug Kazikumukhskiy okrug Kaytago-Tabasaranskiy okrug Kyurinskiy okrug Samurskiy okrug Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug
Kars oblast	Ardahan okrug Kagizman okrug Kars okrug Olti okrug
Kuban oblast	Batalpashinsky otdel Yeysky otdel Yekaterinodarsky otdel Kavkazsky otdel Labinsky otdel Maykopsky otdel Tamansky otdel
Terek oblast	Vedensky okrug Vladikavkazsky okrug Groznensky okrug Nazran okrug Nalchiksky okrug Kizlyarsky otdel Mozdoksky otdel Pyatigorsky otdel Sunzhensky otdel Khasavyurtovsky okrug

44°43′00″N37°46′00″E / 44.7167°N 37.7667°E /44.7167; 37.7667

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