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  Location in West Midlands | |
| Established | 28 November 1885 (1885-11-28) |
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| Coordinates | 52°28′49″N1°54′13″W / 52.48028°N 1.90361°W /52.48028; -1.90361 |
| Collection size | c. 800,000 objects[1] |
| Visitors | 644,100 (2019)[2] |
| Website | birminghammuseums.org.uk |
Listed Building – Grade II* | |
| Designated | 25 April 1952 |
| Reference no. | 1210333 |
Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery (BM&AG) is amuseum andart gallery inBirmingham, England. It has a collection of international importance coveringfine art,ceramics,metalwork,jewellery,natural history,archaeology,ethnography,local history andindustrial history.[3]
The museum/gallery is run byBirmingham Museums Trust, the largest independentmuseums trust in the United Kingdom, which also runs eight other museums around the city.[4] Entrance to the Museum and Art Gallery is free, but some major exhibitions in theGas Hall incur an entrance fee.
In 1829, theBirmingham Society of Artists created aprivate exhibition building inNew Street, Birmingham while thehistorical precedent for public education around that time produced theFactory Act 1833, the first instance of Government funding for education.
TheMuseums Act 1845 "[empowered] boroughs with a population of 10,000 or more to raise a 1/2d for the establishment of museums."[5] In 1864, the firstpublic exhibition room, was opened when the Society and other donors presented 64 pictures as well as theSultanganj Buddha toBirmingham Council and these were housed in the Free Library building but, due to lack of space, the pictures had to move toAston Hall.[6]Joseph Henry Nettlefold (1827–1881) bequeathed twenty-five pictures byDavid Cox to Birmingham Art Gallery on the condition it opened on Sundays.[7]
In June 1880, local artistAllen Edward Everitt accepted the post of honorary curator of the Free Art Gallery, a municipal institution which was the forerunner of the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.[8]
Jesse Collings, Mayor of Birmingham 1878–79, was responsible for free libraries in Birmingham and was the original proponent of the Birmingham Art Gallery. A gift of £10,000 (equivalent to £1,100,000 in 2020) made bySir Richard and George Tangye started a new drive for an art gallery and, in 1885, following other donations and £40,000 from the council, thePrince of Wales officially opened the new gallery on Saturday 28 November 1885.[6][9] The Museum and Art Gallery occupied an extended part of theCouncil House above the new offices of the municipal Gas Department (which in effect subsidised the venture thus circumventing thePublic Libraries Act 1850 which limited the use of public funds on the arts). The building was designed byYeoville Thomason.[10] The metalwork for the new building (and adjoining Council House) was by the Birmingham firm ofHart, Son, Peard & Co. and extended to both the interior and exterior including the distinctive cast-iron columns in the main gallery space for the display of decorative art.[11] The lofty portico, surmounted by a pediment byFrancis John Williamson, representing an allegory of Birmingham contributing to the fine arts, was together with the clock-tower considered the "most conspicuous features" of the exterior upon its opening.[12] By 1900 the collection, especially its contemporary British holdings, was deemed by theMagazine of Art to be "one of the finest and handsomest" in Britain.[13]
Until 1946, whenproperty taxes were voted towards acquisitions, the museum relied on the generosity of private individuals.[6]John Feeney provided £50,000 to provide a further gallery.
Seven galleries had to be rebuilt after being bombed in 1940.[6] Immediately afterWorld War II "Mighty Mary"Mary Woodall (1901–1988) was appointed keeper of art under director,Trenchard Cox. Woodall and Cox, through their links to the London art world, were able to attract exhibitions, much publicity and donations to the gallery. In 1956, Woodall replaced Cox when the latter becameDirector of the Victoria and Albert Museum.[14] John Woodward (1921–1988) was Keeper of Art from 1956 to 1964.
In 1951, theMuseum of Science and Industry, Birmingham was incorporated into BM&AG. In 2001, the Science Museum closed with some exhibits being transferred toThinktank, Birmingham Science Museum, which was operated by the independent Thinktank Trust that has since become part of Birmingham Museums Trust.
The main entrance is located inChamberlain Square below the clock-tower known locally as "Big Brum". The entrance hall memorial reads 'By the gains of Industry we promote Art'.[6] The Extension Block has entrances via the Gas Hall inEdmund Street and Great Charles Street. Waterhall, the original gas department, has its own entrance on Edmund Street.
In October 2010, the Waterhall closed as a BM&AG gallery as a result of a £1.5m cut to Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery's budget in 2010–11. The last BM&AG exhibition that took place in the Waterhall at that time was the Steve McCurry retrospective that ran from 26 June to 17 October 2010. The Waterhall and the Gas Hall have reopened for exhibitions throughout the year.
BM&AG, formerly managed byBirmingham City Council, is now, with Thinktank, part ofBirmingham Museums Trust.
Due to the global pandemic, the museum closed in October 2020. The museum remained closed throughout 2021 as part of a project to rewire the Council complex that houses the museum. The museum partially reopened in April 2022 with a number of pop-up exhibitions. It closed again in December 2022. The museum reopened in October 2024. Approximately 70% of the museum spaces are currently open.[15] Open galleries including the Round Room, Industrial Gallery, history galleries and Bridge Gallery reopened on 24 October 2024, as did the tearoom and shop.[16]
An exhibition onOzzy Osbourne's life was put on display at the museum on 25 June 2025 (prior to his death), featuring memorabilia, photographs, and tributes to his career and legacy. Originally scheduled to close on 28 September 2025, the exhibition was extended to 18 January 2026 following public demand and tributes after his death.[17]
The Art Gallery is most noted for its extensive collections of paintings ranging from the 14th to the 21st century. They include works by thePre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the world's largest collection of works byEdward Burne-Jones. Notable painters in oil include the following:
Paintings from theDutch School include a painting each fromJan van Goyen andWillem van de Velde the Younger.
The collection of antiquities includes coins from ancient times through to theMiddle Ages, artefacts fromAncient India and Central Asia,Ancient Cyprus andAncient Egypt. The museum also holds 28 pieces ofNimrud ivories from theBritish School of Archaeology in Iraq.[32] There is material fromClassical Greece, theRoman Empire and Latin America. There is alsomediaeval material, much of which is now on display inThe Birmingham History Galleries, a permanent exhibition on the third floor of the museum.
In November 2014, a dedicated gallery was opened to display theStaffordshire Hoard. Discovered in the nearby village ofHammerwich in 2009, it was the largest hoard ofAnglo-Saxon gold ever found.
In respect of local and industrial history, the tower of the BirminghamHP Sauce factory was a famous landmark alongside theAston Expressway which was demolished in the summer of 2007.[33] The giant logo from the top of the tower is now in the collection of the Museum.
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