 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Bird stone" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(April 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Bird stones areprehistoric,abstract roughly bird-shaped stone carvings made byNative Americans. The artifacts were a common inclusion in graves and thought to have ceremonial importance. They first appeared in the middleArchaic period around 5,000 years ago and continued into the earlyWoodland period to about 2,500 years before present.[1]
The exact purpose of these artifacts is not known, but most have a small hole drilled at the base of the neck and another at the aft end, presumably for mounting. Some theories suggest they were part of anatlatl (a short rod to hurl spears), in addition to their ceremonial uses. A new theory recently arising from an amateur archaeologist focused on Native American fiber processing, is the bird stone was a tool used for mat-making and weaving.[citation needed] Many stones have been found near waterways and swamp areas where reeds grow, these areas being where materials for mat-making were collected and processed. The holes in the base were potentially used for reed straighteners, or even twine making. The smooth surface of the stone is perfect for flattening fibers without breaking and the beak feature used to push reeds together. Mats were an important facet of every household and important items of trade.
The Pacific Northwest tribes used a similar tool made of wood, also bird shaped.[2] It has also been suggested that these artifacts were worn as decorative items denoting marriage status or pregnancy,[3] and astotems representing tribes.[4]
Bird stones were mostly made east of theMississippi, and the thousands in existence have been found primarily in New York, Ohio, Michigan and Wisconsin.[5] The stones range in length from 1 to 9 inches (2.5 to 22.9 cm), and have unique variations in style. Most are ground from grayish green, bandedslate,[6] and occasionallyporphyry.[7]
 | This article about a sculpture in the United States is astub. You can help Wikipedia byadding missing information. |
 | This article relating toarchaeology in the United States is astub. You can help Wikipedia byadding missing information. |