| Mission type | Bioscience |
|---|---|
| Operator | Institute of Biomedical Problems |
| COSPAR ID | 1996-073A |
| SATCATno. | 24701 |
| Mission duration | 14 days (achieved) |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Bion 11 |
| Spacecraft type | Bion |
| Bus | Zenit |
| Manufacturer | TsSKB Progress |
| Launch mass | 5,400 kg (11,900 lb)[1] |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 24 December 1996, 13:50:00UTC |
| Rocket | Soyuz 11A511U (s/n V15000-050) |
| Launch site | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 |
| Contractor | TsSKB Progress |
| End of mission | |
| Recovered by | Russian Space Forces |
| Landing date | 7 January 1997, 05:02 UTC |
| Landing site | Kustani,Kazakhstan |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit[2] |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Perigee altitude | 225.4 km (140.1 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 401.1 km (249.2 mi) |
| Inclination | 62.80° |
| Period | 90.50 minutes |
| Revolutionno. | 214 |
Bion 11 was a Russian biological research satellite that was part of theBion programme. Scientists from France, Russia and United States conducted the experiments. Bion 11 was launched from thePlesetsk Cosmodrome aboard aSoyuz-Ulaunch vehicle. It carried two monkeys named Lalik and Multik. The spacecraft type was based on theZenitreconnaissance satellite and launches of Bion satellites began in 1973 with primary emphasis on the problems of radiation effects on human beings. Launches in the program included Kosmos 110, 605, 670, 782, plus Nauka modules flown on Zenit-2M reconnaissance satellites. 90 kg of equipment could be contained in the external Nauka module.[3]
It carriednewts,snails,Drosophila flies and other insects, bacteria, and two macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta),Lapik andMultik. Both monkeys were safe at landing but Multik died of aheart attack during medical tests under general anaesthetic on 8 January 1997.
TheMagee-8 scientific equipment was designed to study the basic features of electrostatic modular protection system. Other equipment was used to maintain the temperature and humidity within the specified range, the atmospheric regeneration, physiological parameters of the monkeys were recorded and transferred them to the ground inTV picture.
A similar mission "Bion-12" was scheduled for December 1998 but did not take place due to cessation of participation of the United States.
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