Binzhou 滨州市 | |
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 Location of Binzhou in Shandong | |
  Binzhou Location in China | |
| Coordinates (Binzhou government):37°22′59″N117°58′16″E / 37.383°N 117.971°E /37.383; 117.971 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| County-level divisions | 7 |
| Municipal seat | Bincheng District |
| Government | |
| • CPC Secretary | Zhang Guangfeng (张光峰) |
| • Mayor | Cui Honggang (崔洪刚) |
| Area | |
| 9,453 km2 (3,650 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 1,041 km2 (402 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,041 km2 (402 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 20 m (66 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[2] | |
| 3,928,568 | |
| • Density | 415.6/km2 (1,076/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,188,597 |
| • Urban density | 1,142/km2 (2,957/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,188,597 |
| • Metro density | 1,142/km2 (2,957/sq mi) |
| GDP[3] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 264 billion US$ 40 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 67,405 US$ 10,168 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 256600 |
| Area code | 0543 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-16 |
| License Plate Prefix | 鲁M |
| Binzhou | |||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 濱州 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 滨州 | ||||||||||
| Literal meaning | CoastalPrefectural Capital | ||||||||||
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| Former names | |||||||||
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 Putai, south of theYellow River in 1878[4] | |||||||||
| Putai | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 蒲台 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 蒲台 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | PuTerrace | ||||||||
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Binzhou (Chinese:滨州,bin-joe),[5] formerlyPutai, is aprefecture-level city in northernShandongProvince in thePeople's Republic of China. The city proper sits on the northern bank of theYellow River, while its administrative area straddles both sides of its lower course before its presentdelta. As of the2020 Chinese census, its population was 3,928,568 inhabitants (3,748,474 in 2010), and its built-up (or metro) area made ofBincheng andZhanhua urban Districts was home to 1,188,597 inhabitants.[6][7]
Human settlement dates to at least theChinese Neolithic. During theShang, the area around Binzhou was held by thePugu, who were counted among the "Eastern Barbarians" orDongyi. Pugu joined the Shang princeWu Geng'sfailed rebellion against theZhou and was destroyedc. 1039, with its lands given to theministerJiang Ziya as themarch ofQi. TheBamboo Annals suggest the Pugu continued to trouble the Zhou for another decade and state they were again destroyedc. 1026. Qi became one of the most powerful of China'sWarring States but was ruled fromYingqiu (modernZibo), except for a brief hiatus underDuke Hu. He relocated toBogu but was overcome by the revolting people of Yingqiu; his successor restored the former capital.
The name Binzhou arose under theFive Dynasties period because its land then bordered theBay of Bohai. Thedeposition of silt from theYellow River—which assumed its present course after the disastrousfloods of the 1850s—has since moved the site well inland. The city itself was known asPutai into the 20th century,[8] butPutai County was abolished in March 1956 and the name now survives only as the town's Pucheng Subdistrict.
Public works have reduced the destructiveness of the river, permitting Binzhou and neighboringDongying to be developed into cities. The formerHuimin Prefecture (惠民地区) was renamed Binzhou in 1984. It was given city status in 1992. At the end of 2022, the city had a resident population of 3,918,600 people.[9] The major Industries are based on oil (Shengli Oil Field), chemicals, and textiles.[10]
Theprefecture-level city of Binzhou administers sevencounty-level divisions, including twodistricts, onecounty-level city and fourcounties.
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Binzhou lies on thealluvial plain formed by theYellow River. The entire length of countryside around the river from Pucheng Subdistrict to theBay of Bohai has been created bydeposition ofsediment since theQin Dynasty.[4] The present prefecture borders (counterclockwise from due west)Dezhou,Jinan,Zibo,Dongying, theBay of Bohai, andHebei.
Binzhou has amonsoon-influencedhumid continental climate (KöppenDwa), with four well-defined seasons. Binzhou is one of the warmest cities in the world with a continental climate, with summers reaching as high as 31 °C, and the average temperature in the city being 13.0 °C. Conditions are warm and nearly rainless in spring, hot and humid in summer, crisp in autumn and cold and dry in winter. More than half of the annual precipitation occurs in July and August alone; snow occasionally falls during winter, though heavy falls are very rare.
| Climate data for Binzhou, elevation 18 m (59 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.4 (65.1) | 23.5 (74.3) | 30.0 (86.0) | 34.3 (93.7) | 39.8 (103.6) | 40.7 (105.3) | 39.2 (102.6) | 36.5 (97.7) | 36.8 (98.2) | 32.0 (89.6) | 26.8 (80.2) | 20.0 (68.0) | 40.7 (105.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) | 7.0 (44.6) | 13.6 (56.5) | 20.8 (69.4) | 26.5 (79.7) | 30.8 (87.4) | 31.8 (89.2) | 30.4 (86.7) | 27.0 (80.6) | 20.7 (69.3) | 12.3 (54.1) | 5.0 (41.0) | 19.1 (66.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.2 (28.0) | 1.0 (33.8) | 7.2 (45.0) | 14.4 (57.9) | 20.4 (68.7) | 25.0 (77.0) | 27.1 (80.8) | 25.9 (78.6) | 21.3 (70.3) | 14.4 (57.9) | 6.4 (43.5) | −0.2 (31.6) | 13.4 (56.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.3 (20.7) | −3.6 (25.5) | 2.0 (35.6) | 8.7 (47.7) | 14.6 (58.3) | 19.6 (67.3) | 23.0 (73.4) | 22.2 (72.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 9.3 (48.7) | 1.8 (35.2) | −4.2 (24.4) | 8.7 (47.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.1 (−6.0) | −21.4 (−6.5) | −16.6 (2.1) | −2.5 (27.5) | 3.4 (38.1) | 10.6 (51.1) | 12.5 (54.5) | 12.4 (54.3) | 5.0 (41.0) | −3.9 (25.0) | −12.9 (8.8) | −20.0 (−4.0) | −21.4 (−6.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 4.7 (0.19) | 9.8 (0.39) | 9.3 (0.37) | 27.2 (1.07) | 48.3 (1.90) | 79.1 (3.11) | 162.5 (6.40) | 153.2 (6.03) | 42.6 (1.68) | 27.7 (1.09) | 19.6 (0.77) | 5.2 (0.20) | 589.2 (23.2) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.9 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 7.6 | 10.9 | 9.6 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 2.7 | 63.8 |
| Average snowy days | 3.2 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 10 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 61 | 58 | 53 | 55 | 60 | 64 | 77 | 80 | 73 | 69 | 67 | 63 | 65 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 162.6 | 165.2 | 214.9 | 236.4 | 267.1 | 235.1 | 195.7 | 198.4 | 200.7 | 194.8 | 162.8 | 154.9 | 2,388.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 53 | 54 | 58 | 60 | 61 | 53 | 44 | 48 | 54 | 57 | 54 | 52 | 54 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[11][12] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[13] | |||||||||||||
Binzhou, and neighboringDongying, has historically had an agrarian economy. Binzhou is known regionally for its "dongzao" (literally, "winter dates"). After theShengli Field was discovered, most of the field was incorporated into newly created Dongying, although Binzhou maintain some oil operations. Binzhou has been diversifying its economy away from agriculture by attracting manufacturing and foreign direct investment into the city. Among Binzhou's large businesses are Weiqiao,[15] a textile company, and Binzhou Pride, an automobile company that only lived 2006 until 2008.[16]
The Binzhou local government has also plowed resources into a new economic development zone on the outskirts of the new city, complete with a human-made lake.[17]
Binhzhou's economic structure has seen continuous optimization in recent years, with the tertiary sector showing notable growth. In 2023, the value added by the tertiary sector reached 151.518 billion RMB, with the modern service industry as the main driver, contributing 72.062 billion RMB, accounting for 47.6% of the tertiary sector's total. Meanwhile, county-level economies within Binzhou, such as Bincheng District, Zouping City, and Boxing County, contributed 54.9% of the city's GDP. These regions have developed distinctive regional economies, including Boxing's kitchenware industry and Zhanhua's winter jujube production .[18]
In April 2007, Binzhou made international headlines when Binzhou Futian Biology Technology, in Wudi County, was identified by US officials as one of two sources of contaminated wheat gluten in the2007 pet food recalls. Shortly after, the company was shuttered by Chinese authorities, who also detained its general manager.[19]
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In 2004, the Binzhou government implementedDemocratic Political Discussion Day, held on the 5th of each month. Under this scheme, every village-level government on this day is required to hold "open debate" and conference for villagers (essentially a town hall). At these meetings, a monthly financial report is presented, highlighting past and planned expenditure, investment performance and such other financial information.In theory, this is supposed to open village finances to greater public scrutiny and debate. Also released at these meetings are reports on the past performance of the government and governmental officials, and future actions and decisions planned, and just like the financial reports, these are also under the public scrutiny and debate. The resulting event is a secret ballot for every villager to vote for everything discussed at these meetings and governments cannot proceed on any issues unless they are passed with a majority vote. The issues passed by popular vote would then be carried out, and at the same time, the government would also make improvement and adjustment on the policies and issues that did not pass, and then present the revisions for the public scrutiny and debate at the next meeting.
Ever since the implementation of the political reform at Binzhou, the policy and performance have become transparent and obvious, corruption was checked, cadres' performance and popular support increased, and economy has steadily developed. The letters of petition from villagers to the government reduced more than 30%, and more importantly, in comparison to the era prior to the implementation of the political reform where over 90% of the petitions were criticism and complaints, over 90% of the petition after the implementation of the political reform was suggestions for improvement and requests for assistance.
The obvious achievement of the political reform of Binzhou is widely reported in the domestic Chinese media, as well as many overseas Chinese media, such as Zhong Guo Daily News in Southern California, or its more commonly known Chinese name among local Chinese readers, China Daily (Not to be confusedChina Daily, the official English publication of Chinese government), and is termed by both domestic and overseas scholars as a good example for governments in other parts of China to follow, and along with Chinese media, they have urged authorities to slowly but steadily expand the reform to a greater scale.
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