| Maharajadhiraja Bahadur Sir Bijay Chand Mahtab | |
|---|---|
 Mahtab in 1931. | |
| Born | (1881-10-19)19 October 1881 Bardhaman,Bengal Presidency,British India |
| Died | 29 August 1941(1941-08-29) (aged 59) Bardhaman, Bengal Presidency, British India (nowPurba Bardhaman,West Bengal,India) |
Maharajadhiraja Bahadur Sir Bijay Chand Mahtab, (19 October 1881 – 29 August 1941)[1] was the ruler ofBurdwan Estate,Bengal Presidency inBritish India (present-dayWest Bengal,India) from 1887 till his death in 1941.[2][3]
Mahtab's predecessor, MaharajaAftab Chand Mahtab (ruled : 1879–85) died without heirs, and his widow adopted Bijoy Chand Mahtab, son ofKhatri Ban Bihari Kapur, a relative ofMahtab Chand Bahadur, a past ruler of Burdwan Estate from 1832 to 1879. At the time of adoption, in 1887, he was only six years old, therefore, theCourt of Wards along with theDiwani-i-Raj, Ban Bihari Kapoor, (the natural father of Bijaychand), ruled the estate up to 1902. In 1893, the title of 'Raja' was bestowed on Ban Bihari Kapoor. The government permitted theRaj in 1897 to maintain an armed force of 600 people and 41 cannons.[4]
In 1899, Bijay Chand Mahtab passed the entrance examination ofCalcutta University, and was the first in the Raj family to obtain a formal educational qualification.
In 1902, he came of age and was invested with full ruling powers to the throne of Burdwan Raj. Next year in 1903, the title of 'Rajadhiraj' was bestowed on him at theDelhi Durbar. A pompous coronation was organised in thepalace at Bardhaman, whereLieutenant Governor Bourdillon was present to bestow the honour.[4]
In 1903, he invited the Governor GeneralLord Curzon to the Bardhaman palace and to commemorate the event constructed a gate now known asCurzon Gate inGothic style, which is a major landmark ofBurdwan today and stands at junction of Bijaychand Road and Grand Trunk Road. The Royal Palace of Burdwan is situated one km from the gate.[5]
In 1903, he saved the life of the Lieutenant Governor, SirAndrew Fraser. He risked his life to save that of Sir Andrew Fraser, lieutenant-governor of Bengal, when an attempt to assassinate him was made by Indian nationalists on 7 November 1908. In return for his loyalty to the British, he was honoured with the title of K.C.I.E. andIndian Order of Merit (Class III).[1][4]
In 1908, as per a proclamation ofLord Minto, elevated to the title of 'Maharajadhiraja', which was bestowed on a hereditary basis.[4]
He also served as representative of Bengalzamindars in Legislative and Provincial council, continuously for many years.[1]
In 1908, he toured England and Europe and later wrote a book namedDiary of an European Tour.[1]
He was also noted for his philanthropy, especially in field of education and health welfare. For example, in 1908, he donated Rs. 40,000/- towards construction of hostel and other facilities for Ranchi Arts College,Ranchi, where Burdwan Raj also held large estates.[6]Bijoy Chand Hospital was also founded by him during his reign in decade of 1910.
He was a member of theBengal Legislative Council from 1907 to 1918, and of theImperial Legislative Council from 1909 to 1912. He was associated with the state administration in subsequent years and Member of Executive Council of Bengal for the years 1919–1924.
He was also the President ofBritish Indian Association from 1911 to 1918[7] and again in 1925.[additional citation(s) needed]
In 1914, he was appointed as one of the members of the committee that investigated in to riots ofBudge Budge andKomagata Maru incident[8]
In 1924, he was one of the members of a committee headed by SirCharles Todhunter, which looked into taxation reforms in British India, which submitted its report in 1925.[9] and was also the member of Indian Reforms Enquiry Commission of 1924.
In spite of his loyalty towards the British, he provided warmhospitality toMahatma Gandhi, when he visited Bardhaman in 1925 and welcomed cordiallySubhas Chandra Bose when he visited Bardhaman in 1928 to campaign in the municipal elections.
In 1935, theIndian Weightlifting Federation was formed, and he served as its first President.[10]
During the later part of his rule, however, there were allegations of financial corruption coupled with mismanagement and the affairs of the Raj were in shambles. The British administrator took over the complete management of Burdwan Raj and Bijoy Chand was deprived of management from the years 1929–1936.
In 1936, he was handed back the reign of his Estate by British.
In 1938, he was a member of theFrancis Floud Commission to suggest changes in the Permanent Settlement of 1793. The commission recommended the replacement of thezamindari system by aryotwari (tenancy) system in which the ownership of land would vest with the ryot (tenant) and the land revenue payable by him could be revised periodically. The recommendations could not be implemented because of differences in the Fazlul Huq ministry.
However, with the India's independence gaining momentum it was evident that the days of zemindars andprincely states were coming to an end. It was this realisation that led Bijaychand Mahtab to extend indirect support to theCongress.
Bijaychand Mahtab was deeply involved with Bengali literature. He was president of the reception committee in the 8th session of theBangya Sahitya Sammelan held at Bardhaman in 1914. From amongst the twenty books he wrote, mention may be made ofImpression,The Indian Horizon,Meditation,Studies,Vijaygitika (collection of songs composed by him),Troyodashi (poem),Ranjit (play), andManaslila (science-play).
Mahtab died on 29 August 1941 atBurdwan.[11] His reign which began in 1887 and lasted till 1941, was the longest in history of Bardhaman Raj. He left behind two sons Uday Chand and Abhay Chand and two daughters, thereby ending the long history adoptions for succession in Burdwan Raj. His elder sonUday Chand Mahtab, succeeded him to thethrone of Burdwan Raj.
Media related toBijoy Chand Mahtab at Wikimedia CommonsBijay Chand Mahtab Born: 19 October 1881 Died: 29 August 1941 | ||
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| Preceded by | Maharajadhiraja of Bardhaman Raj 1887–1941 | Succeeded by |