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Bible translations into Persian Languages have been made since the fourth or fifth century, although few early manuscripts survive. There are both Jewish and Christian translations from theMiddle Ages. Complete translations of theHebrew Bible and GreekNew Testament from original languages were first made in the 19th century by Protestant missionaries.
The only physical survival of pre-Islamic Persian Bible translations are two fragments of Psalms found byAlbert von Le Coq found in the Shui pang monastery north ofBulayiq in 1905.[1] These earliest translations into Persian are in thePahlavi script.
Parts of the Gospels were first translated intoPersian in thePersian Diatessaron in the 13th century. Then more sections of the Gospels were translated by the 16th Century Muslim scholar and critic of ChristianityKhatun Abadi.[2]
More recently,Henry Thomas Colebrooke's Four Gospels appeared in Calcutta in 1804.[citation needed] A major figure in this work wasHenry Martyn, a contemporary ofWilliam Carey. In 1811 he journeyed intoPersia (nowIran).[citation needed] Together with Mīrzā Sayyed ʿAlī Khan, he translated the New Testament, completing it in 1812.[3] There he sent a copy of his translation of the New Testament tothe Shah.[4] It was published in 1815.[citation needed]
In 1845, translation of the Old Testament from Hebrew by William Glen and Mīrzā Moḥammad Jaʿfar was published in Edinburgh.[3] In 1846, a complete Bible consisting of this Old Testament and Martyn's New Testament was published.[3]
This translation was later revised by Robert Bruce to utilise Persian language that was more current.[5] This was published in 1895,[3] although it is also said to have been published in 1896. This is commonly used and known as theOld Persian Version (OPV),Standard Version orTarjome-ye Qadim (ترجمه قدیم).
This is possibly a 1979 translation from theLiving Bible byLiving Bibles International.[6]
Although it is currently illegal to distribute Christian literature in Persian,Persian Contemporary Translation, also known asTarjome-ye Tafsiri (Interpretative Translation, ترجمه تفسیری) was published by theInternational Bible Society in 1995. It is athought-for-thought translation.[7] It is another commonly used translation. The version was revised and republished in 2003.[8]
A newthought-for-thought New Testament translation, Common Language Translation, was first published in 1976.[3] It is also known in Persian asInjil Sharif (Noble Gospel, انجیل شریف) andMojdeh Baraye Asre Jadid (Good News for A New Age, مژده برای عصر جدید).[9] It is largely based on Henry Martyn's work.[citation needed] Translation of the Old Testament was not completed until much later. When it was finished, it was published byUnited Bible Societies in 2007.[10][11] This complete translation is known asToday's Persian Version (TPV) andToday's Farsi.
This version is called "New Millennium Version" (NMV) or "Tarjome-ye Hezâre-ye now" (ترجمه هزارۀ نو). This translation of the Bible in Persian was completed and published in 22nd of Sep 2014.[12] This translation was made and published by the UK-based Elam Ministries,[13] This translation is also available on E-sword[14] and a mobile version has also been made.[15][16]
A translation of the New Testament in modern Persian was released byJehovah's Witnesses in 2014.[17]
A non-missionary version of New Testament (2008), Old Testament (2014) and Deuterocanonical books (2003) is translated by Iranian translator and researcher,Pirouz Sayyar and published in Tehran.
"Dayspring" (سپیده دم) is a translation project of the "New Testament" from the original Greek text into Persian. As of now only the translation of the Gospel of John has been completed and publishedonline. This version emphasizes Persian words and terms while avoiding foreign words and terms, particularly those from Arabic, as much as possible.[18]
Dari (Persian:دری,Darī, pronounced[dæˈɾi]) refers to the version ofPersian language spoken inAfghanistan, and hence known as Afghan Persian in some western sources.[19][20] As defined in theConstitution of Afghanistan, Dari is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. Spoken by almost half of the population as first language,[19] it also serves as thelingua franca in Afghanistan.[21] TheIranian and Afghan dialects of Persian are mutually intelligible to a relatively high degree. Differences are found primarily in the vocabulary and phonology.
Dari, spoken in Afghanistan, should not be confused withDari orGabri ofIran, a language of the Central Iranian sub-group, spoken in someZoroastrian communities.[22][23]
Scripture portions were published in Dari for the first time in 1974.[24] In 1982 the complete New Testament was published for the first time by the Pakistan Bible Society inLahore.[24] This translation had been translated by an Afghan convert to Christianity,Zia Nodrat using Iranian Persian, English and German versions. Its third edition was published by the Cambridge University Press in England in 1989. Zia Nodrat was working on a Dari translation of the Old Testament, when he disappeared under mysterious circumstances. The complete Bible in Dari was published for the first time in 2008 titled "Today's Dari Version" (TDV08).[25] New revision efforts are underway to modernize this volume. As of September 2022, the NT is available online as TDV22.[26]
Versions in theTajik language have appeared since the breakup of theSoviet Union into the independent republics ofCentral Asia.[27][28]
In 2021 during the CoVID-19 pandemicJehovah's Witnesses released virtually the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures in Tajiki Cyrillic. Some translator's from several countries worked 4 years to complete the translation.[29]
| Translation | John 3:16 |
|---|---|
| Persian Diatessaron 13th Century | « همچنین خدا خلق را دوست داشت که پسر یگانه خود جهت خلق فدی کرد بهر آنک هرک بدو ایمان بیاورد هلاک مشود بلی زندگانی جاوید پذیرد |
| Tarjumeh-yeKhatun Abadi 16th century | « و خدا دوست داشته عالم را به حدی که بخشیده پسر یگانه خود را تا هلاک نشود کسی که ایمان آورد به او، بلکه بوده باشد او را حیات ابدی. |
| Tarjumeh-ye Henry Martyn 1876 | « زیرا که خدا آن قدر جهان را دوست داشت که فرزند یگانه خود را ارزانی فرمود که تا هر کس که بر او ایمان آورد هلاک نشود بلکه زندگانی جاوید یابند. |
| Tarjumeh-ye Ghadeem 1896 | زیرا خدا جهان را اینقدر محبت نمود که پسر یگانه خود را داد تا هرکه بر او ایمان آورد هلاک نگردد بلکه حیات جاودانی یابد. |
| Today's Persian Version (TPV) | زیرا خدا جهانیان را آنقدر محبّت نمود كه پسر یگانهٔ خود را داد تا هرکه به او ایمان بیاورد هلاک نگردد، بلكه صاحب حیات جاودان شود. |
| Tarjumeh-ye Hezare Noh (NMV) | «زیرا خدا جهان را آنقدر محبت کرد که پسر یگانة خود را داد تا هر که به او ایمان آوَرَد هلاک نگردد، بلکه حیات جاویدان یابد. |
| Tarjumeh-ye Hezare Noh (NMV) (Cyrillic transcription) | Зеро Худо ҷаҳонро онқадар меҳаббат кард, ки Писари ягонаи Худро дод, то ҳар кӣ ба Ӯ имон оварад, ҳалок накардад, балки ҳаёти ҷовидонӣ ёбад. |
| Tarjumeh-ye Tafsiri (FCB) | « زیرا خدا بقدری مردم جهان را دوست دارد که یگانه فرزند خود را فرستاده است، تا هر که به او ایمان آورد، هلاک نشود بلکه زندگی جاوید بیابد. |
| Tarjumeh-ye Pirouz Sayar | « چه خدا چندان جهان را دوست داشته است که پسر خویش، آن پسر یگانه، را بداده تا ان کس که بر او ایمان آوَرد هلاک نگردد. بلکه حیات جاودان یابد. |
| Tarjumeh-yeSepeedeh Dam (PDV) | زیرا خداوند جهان را چنان دوست داشت، که پسر یگانه خویش را بداد، تا هر که به او باور آورد نیست نگردد، ونکه زندگانی جاودان یابد. |
| Today's Dari Version 2008 | زیرا خدا به دنیا آنقدر محبت داشت که پسر یگانۀ خود را داد تا هر که به او ایمان بیاورد هلاک نگردد، بلکه صاحب زندگی ابدی شود. |
| Today's Dari Version 2022 | خدا به جهان آنقدر محبت داشت که پسر یگانۀ خود را داد تا هر کی به او ایمان بیاورد هلاک نگردد، بلکه صاحب زندگی ابدی شود. |
| Institute for Bible Translation 1997 (Tajiki) | «Зеро Худо ҷаҳонро чунон дӯст дошт, ки Писари ягонаи Худро дод, то ҳар кӣ ба Ӯ имон оварад, талаф нашавад, балки ҳаёти ҷовидонӣ ёбад. |
| Institute for Bible Translation 2010 (Tajiki) | «Зеро Худо ҷаҳонро чунон дӯст дошт, ки Писари ягонаи Худро дод, то ҳар кӣ ба Ӯ имон оварад, намирад, балки ҳаёти абадӣ дошта бошад. |
| New World Translation 2021 (Tajiki) | «Худо ҷаҳонро чунон дӯст дошт, ки Писари ягоназодиa худро дод,л то ҳар кӣ ба ӯ имон дошта бошадb, нобуд нашавад, балки соҳиби ҳаёти ҷовидонӣ гардад. |
| Catholic Church | |
|---|---|
| Oriental Orthodoxy | |
| Church of the East | |
| Protestantism | |
| Missionaries | |
| See also | |
