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Bernhard Rogge

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German naval officer
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Bernhard Rogge
Born(1899-11-04)4 November 1899
Died29 June 1982(1982-06-29) (aged 82)
AllegianceGerman Empire (to 1918)
Weimar Republic (to 1933)
Nazi Germany (to 1945)
West Germany
BranchImperial German Navy
Reichsmarine
Kriegsmarine
West German Navy
Years of service1915–45
1957–62
RankVizeadmiral (Kriegsmarine)
Konteradmiral (West German Navy)
CommandsSSSNiobe (in deputize)
SSSGorch Fock
SSSAlbert Leo Schlageter
Auxiliary cruiserAtlantis
Battles / warsWorld War I
World War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
Great Cross of Merit

Bernhard Rogge (4 November 1899 – 29 June 1982) was a German naval officer who, duringWorld War II, commanded amerchant raider. Later, he became aKonteradmiral inWest Germany'snavy.

Rogge became aVizeadmiral (vice-admiral) by the end of World War II, and, when theWest German navy was established after the war, returned to service as aKonteradmiral (rear-admiral). He also was one of the few German officers offlag rank who was not arrested by the Allies after the war. This was due to the way he had exercised his command ofAtlantis.

Early life

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Rogge was born inSchleswig, the son of aLutheran minister, and was himself devoutly religious.[1] His grandfather, on his mother's side, wasJewish.

Military career

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  • 1915 — joins theImperial German Navy as a volunteer
  • AfterWorld War I — serves on variouscruisers
  • Mid-1930s to 1939 — commander of the sail training shipSSSAlbert Leo Schlageter
  • September 1939 — assigned to theGerman auxiliary cruiser Atlantis
    • Mid-December 1939 —Atlantis is formally commissioned
    • 31 March 1940 —Atlantis sets out to sea
    • 11 November 1940 —Atlantis scuttles British cargo shipSS Automedon nearSumatra after retrieving top secret documents for which the Japanese government would reward Rogge with an ornatekatana in April 1943
    • 22 November 1941 —Atlantis is sunk byHMS Devonshire
    • 15 Apr 1942- Chief of Staff to Inspector of Training Affairs
    • 1 March 1943- promoted to Konteradmiral and Inspector of Training Affairs
    • 20 Sept 1944- Cdr Fleet Training Formations
    • 1 March 1945- promoted to Vizeadmiral
  • AfterWorld War II — discharged
  • 1 June 1957 — enters the post-World War IIWest GermanBundesmarine with the rank of Konteradmiral
    • 1 June 1957 – 29 September 1957 — delegated with the Command of Military Area Command I
Grave of Bernhard Rogge
    • 30 September 1957 – 31 March 1962 — Commander of Military Area Command I
    • 15 April 1958 – 31 March 1962 — at the same time,NATO Commander of Land Forces inSchleswig-Holstein (COMLAND-SCHLESWIG)
  • 31 March 1962 — retires from the German Bundesmarine as aKonteradmiral

Assessment

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Atlantis

J. Armstrong White, captain of the British merchant shipCity of Bagdad, whichAtlantis sank in July 1940, stated, "His treatment of prisoners left respect, instead of hatred". White later wrote the foreword toAtlantis, the Story of a German Surface Raider, written by U. Mohr &A. V. Sellwood.

AdmiralKarl Dönitz, who was, followingAdolf Hitler'ssuicide brieflyhead of state ofNazi Germany in May 1945, and was prosecuted for war crimes at theNuremberg Trials, cited his own support of Rogge, who had a Jewish grandparent, in an effort to clear himself of the charge of beingantisemitic.[2]

Rogge confirmed the death sentence of the 21-year-old sailorJohann Christian Süß. Süß was sentenced to death on 10 May 1945, two days after the German capitulation, for "undermining the discipline" and "disruptive speeches" based on paragraph 5 numeral 2 of theKriegssonderstrafrechtsverordnung (KSSVO—Special War Criminal Regulation). Süß was executed by firing squad on 11 May 1945.[3]

Awards

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Promotions

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19 April 1916:Fähnrich zur See (Officer Cadet)[5]
13 December 1917:Leutnant zur See (Ensign/Sub-Lieutenant)[5]
10 January 1921:Oberleutnant zur See (Lieutenant, Junior Grade/Sub-Lieutenant) without patent[5]
14 May 1921:Oberleutnant zur See (Lieutenant, Junior Grade/Sub-Lieutenant)[5]
1 January 1928:Kapitänleutnant (Lieutenant)[5]
1 October 1934:Korvettenkapitän (Lieutenant Commander)[5]
1 November 1937:Fregattenkapitän (Commander)[5]
1 November 1939:Kapitän zur See (Captain)[5]
1 March 1943:Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral)[5]
1 March 1945:Vizeadmiral (Vice Admiral)[5]
1 June 1957:Konteradmiral in the Bundesmarine[5]

Works

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  • Rogge, Bernhard, and Wolfgang Frank.Under Ten Flags. New York: Ballantine, 1960; which is a translation ofSchiff 16.[10]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^Gossage & Levitt 2012, p. 21.
  2. ^Leon Goldensohn.The Nuremberg Interviews. Vintage Books.New York. 2004.ISBN 1-4000-3043-9.
  3. ^"BORDGERICHT: S. Zt. erschossen".Der Spiegel. Vol. 28. 1965-07-07. Retrieved2017-10-21.
  4. ^abThomas 1998, p. 222.
  5. ^abcdefghijklmnoDörr 1996, p. 180.
  6. ^abScherzer 2007, p. 636.
  7. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 362.
  8. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 56.
  9. ^abAngolia 1987, p. 139.
  10. ^Rogge, Bernhard, and Wolfgang Frank.Under Ten Flags. New York: Ballantine, 1960.OCLC 14954520

Bibliography

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  • Angolia, John (1987).For Führer and Fatherland: Military Awards of the Third Reich. R. James Bender Publishing.ISBN 0912138149.
  • Dörr, Manfred (1996).Die Ritterkreuzträger der Überwasserstreitkräfte der Kriegsmarine—Band 2: L–Z [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Surface Forces of the Navy—Volume 2: L–Z] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio Verlag.ISBN 978-3-7648-2497-6.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986].Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas.ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Gossage, Carolyn; Levitt, Peter (2012).The Accidental Captives: The Story of Seven Women Alone in Nazi Germany. I.B.Tauris.ISBN 978-1-84885-991-3.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007).Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag.ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Thomas, Franz (1998).Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag.ISBN 978-3-7648-2300-9.

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