.jpg)
Bernhard Horwitz (1807 inNeustrelitz – 1885 inLondon) was a German and Britishchess master, chess writer andchess composer.
Horwitz was born inNeustrelitz and went to school in Berlin, where he studied art. From 1837 to 1843, he was part of a group of German chess players known as "The Pleiades".
He moved to London in 1845, where he became a British citizen. In 1846, he lost a match against visiting masterLionel Kieseritzky, and another againstHoward Staunton, losing 15.5–8.5. His best chess result was winning a match againstHenry Bird in 1851. He played in the first international chess tournament,London 1851, again beating Bird in the first round, but losing to Staunton in the second andJózsef Szén in the third.
Horwitz'sChess Studies (1851), co-authored withJosef Kling, is an important work on theendgame study andendgames in general.
"Horwitz bishops", a configuration in which two bishops are aggressively placed on adjacent diagonals, are named after Horwitz.
The Kling and Horwitz Defensive Technique enables Black to force a draw with Black to move against perfect play in the diagram shown to the right. For a detailed analysis of this position, seehere.
| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | ||
| 8 |       | 8 | |||||||
| 7 | 7 | ||||||||
| 6 | 6 | ||||||||
| 5 | 5 | ||||||||
| 4 | 4 | ||||||||
| 3 | 3 | ||||||||
| 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | ||
Horwitz died in 1885 and was buried on the eastern side ofHighgate Cemetery.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
  | This biographical article relating to a German chess figure is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it. |
 | This biographical article relating to an English chess figure is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it. |
