TheBergen Greenland Company (Danish:Det Bergen Grønlandske Compagnie[1]) orBergen Company (Bergenkompagniet[2]) was aDano-Norwegian private corporation charged with founding and administering Danish-Norwegian colonies and trade inGreenland, as well as searching for any survivors from theformer Norse settlements on the island. It operated from 1721 until its bankruptcy in 1727. Although the Bergen Company failed as a concern and both its settlements were destroyed and abandoned, it was ultimately successful in re-establishing sovereignty overGreenland.
The NorwegianLutheran ministerHans Egede established the company with $9,000 in capital from the Bergen merchants, $200 from theDanish-Norwegian kingFrederick IV, and a $300 annual grant from theRoyal Mission College.[3] The merchants hoped to find easily accessible mineral wealth or at least a Norwegian-like environment for agricultural production. Aid from the Mission College was aimed at spreading theReformation among the long-lost Norsemen, who were presumed to still beCatholic or to have lapsed from Christianity altogether. The company was granted broad powers to govern the peninsula (as it was then considered to be), to raise its own army and navy, to collect taxes, and to administer justice; the king and his council, however, refused to grant it monopoly rights to whaling and trade in Greenland out of a fear of antagonizing the Dutch.[4]
DepartingBergen on 2 May 1721, Egede led theHaabet and two other boats[5] toBaal's River (the modern Nuup Kangerlua) and, on 3 July, established Hope Colony (Haabets Colonie) on the Island of Hope (Haabet Oe, modernKangeq) with his family and a few dozen colonists.[1] His settlers were devastated byscurvy and most of the colonists returned home as quickly as they could; only Egede, his family, and a few others remained to welcome two supply ships in 1722.
Egede's (now ship-borne) explorations found no Norse survivors along the western shore and future work was hampered by the two mistaken beliefs – both prevalent at the time – that theEastern Settlement would be located on Greenland's east coast (it was later established it had been among the fjords of the island's extreme southwest) and that a strait existed nearby communicating with the western half of the island. In fact, his 1723 expedition found the churches and ruins of the Eastern Settlement, but he considered them to be those of theWestern.[5] At the end of the year, having found no Norse survivors after months of searching, he turned north to establish a whaling station onNipisat Island and begin a mission among theInuit. The whaling station was quickly burnt by the Dutch, whose better quality and lower-priced goods made the Bergen Company's trading operations impossible.[4] The mission proved more successful and in 1724 Egede baptized his first child converts.
The Bergen Company went bankrupt in 1727. King Frederick attempted to replace it with a royal colony by sending MajorClaus Paarss and several dozen soldiers and convicts to erect a fortress for the colony in 1728, but this new settlement of Good Hope (Godthaab) also failed due to scurvy and the group was recalled in 1730. Subsequent corporate-led administrations of Greenland learned from the Bergen Company's failure and received both trading monopolies over the island and enough naval support to generally maintain them.[4]
