Berane Беране | |
|---|---|
Town andmunicipality | |
     Clockwise, from top:Berane town hall, Đurđevi stupovi monastery, Grammar School, Main square, Panorama of Berane | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Berane Location within Montenegro | |
| Coordinates:42°50′N19°52′E / 42.84°N 19.86°E /42.84; 19.86 | |
| Country | Montenegro |
| Region | Northern |
| Municipality | Berane |
| Founded | 1862 |
| Settlements | 66 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor-Assembly |
| • Mayor | Vuko Todorović (NSD) |
| Area | |
• Town andmunicipality | 496 km2 (192 sq mi) |
| Population (2023 census) | |
| • Rank | 8th in Montenegro |
| • Density | 49/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 9,923 |
| • Rural | 15,239 |
| • Municipality | 25,162 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 84300 |
| Area code | +382 51 |
| ISO 3166-2 code | ME-03 |
| Car plates | BA |
| Climate | Cfb |
| Website | www |
Berane (Cyrillic: Беране) is a town inMontenegro in thenorthern region. It is former administrative centre of theIvangrad District. The town is located on theLim river. From 1949 to 1992, it was namedIvangrad (Cyrillic:Иванград) in honour to people's heroIvan Milutinović. According to the 2023 census, the town had a population of 9,923, whereasits municipality area had 25,162 people.
During the medieval period the land of Berane was known asBudimlja (Будимља). It was of great holistic, political and economic importance in the medievalSerbian state and its rulers. Until 1455, when Turks took the city, Budimlja was part of the wider historical region ofRaška, within theMedieval Serbia. Since thefirst Serbian Uprising until its final liberation, fights against Turks were constant. Famous battles occurred from 1825 to 1862 when the most important Rudes battle was fought on 7 April in which the Montenegrin rebels won. Berane was finally liberated in 1912. The town shared the destiny with its country being damaged in both World Wars. As Ivangrad, the town experienced prosperity and population growth, being one of the Yugoslav industrial centres. Although the Civil War in Yugoslavia did not reach Montenegro, the city suffered from it as the industry collapsed and the people started to leave it. Nowadays, Berane is one of the poorest settlements in Montenegro so most of the population lives in difficult conditions. Despite that, the town remains an important educational, medical, religious and sporting centre, having produced many successful individuals in those categories.
Berane is the administrative centre of the municipality of the same name. There are 13 elementary schools, four high schools and four institutions of higher education. Having a solid sport infrastructure, the most successful sport collectives in the town are handball club and table tennis club. Berane is connected with rest of the country by two-lane motorways. It also has an airport which hasn’t been used for a while. In 2012, Berane celebrated 150 years since its official foundation and 100 years of being part of Montenegro.
In the Middle Ages, the area surrounding Berane was known as Budimlja. It was of great holistic, political, and economic importance inMedieval Serbia.Saint Sava, the first Serbianarchbishop, founded one of the first Serbian eparchies here in 1219. The MonasteryĐurđevi stupovi was built by the end of the 12th century by Prvoslav, the son ofNemanja's brother Tihomir. Many monasteries and churches tell the story on the rich holistic life of Serbs in this area. There were seven bishops and nine metropolitans.[when?] Literary and painting schools existed in this Monastery. Apart from Đurđevi stupovi, the second most important monastery in this area was Šudikovo, which was destroyed and burned by theTurks in 1738. Archbishop's throne was vacant for more than 350 years. However, the Budimlja episcopate, known as theBudimlja-Nikšić eparchy has been restored in 2002 upon the appointment of bishop Joanikije. The area of Berane municipality and its wider neighbourhood, was part of the Medieval Serbian state until 1455, when Turks took the city ofBihor and Budimlja.
During theFirst Serbian Uprising (1804) andKarađorđe's march toNovi Pazar, the people of this area revolted and met the Serbian dukesAnto Bogićević andHadži-Prodan Gligorijević. Then,Mojsije Zečević, prior of Đurđevi stupovi, had the leading role among theOrthodox people of Budimlja. He was one of the closest allies ofPetar I Petrović-Njegoš andPetar II Petrović-Njegoš, the archbishops and political leaders of Montenegro. Since the First Serbian Uprising until its final liberation, fights against Turks were constant, especially during the second part of the 19th century. Famous battles occurred from 1825, until 1862, but the most important one was Rudes battle on 7 April 1862, in which the Serbian and Montenegrin rebels won. Berane was finally liberated from Turks in 1912 and it was incorporated in Montenegro.
DuringWorld War II, there was a civil war in the region betweenPartisans (communists) andChetniks (royalists and nationalists). During the communists' reprisals in 1944 and 1945 thousands of people were killed. From July 1949 to March 1992, Berane was known asIvangrad as a tribute toIvan Milutinović, and developed as one of the most important industrial centers in Montenegro. However, the city was severely affected by the economic collapse of the Yugoslav state in the late 1980s.[1] Although its original name was restored in 1992, the town's economy didn't recover due to the sanctions imposed onYugoslavia in the 1990s.[1]
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The main impact for the development of culture of this area historically, and up to recent times, came from theSerbian Orthodox Church, or it monasteries in the area: Šudikova, Đurdjevi stupovi and other, as the cornerstones of spirituality of the Serb population. That part is later to a certain extent taken over by schools, and, more and more institutions dealing with culture.
A special role in that process was that of theBerane Gymnasium, founded in 1913. Its classrooms were a home to many prominent artists and scientists in various disciplines such as: Mihailo Lalić, Dušan Kostić, Radovan Zogović, Jovan Zonjić, Mišo Popović, Aleksandar Rafajlović, Luka Radojević and the others. The institutions in Berane that are still working in culture, there are: Cultural Centre (with the library), and Polimski Museum, with a very rich collection of valuable artefacts; and the House of the DukeGavro Vuković, the first jurist with a university degree, a long term Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Principality of Montenegro, and the writer of famous “Memoirs” has been reconstructed, planned to be used for cultural events. Berane also has a school for primary musical education, and there are also few amateur clubs and societies in various disciplines of artistic creation.
There are 13 elementary schools, four secondary schools and one school for elementary musical education in municipality of Berane. Berane has four institutions of higher education: Faculty of management in transport and communications, Faculty of Teacher-training, Higher Medical School and Applied Computer engineering (study program of Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Podgorica). Berane, as is usually the case with small communities, does not have a specialised scientific institution, but in spite of that fact, many prominent scientists from various scientific disciplines come from here. A remarkable contribution to science was given by, among others, chemist Vukić Mićović, bacteriologist Milutin Đurišić, geographer Milisav Lutovac, and historian Miomir Dašić.
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The municipality of Berane is one of the poorest in Montenegro. The level of industrial production is very low, since a big number of companies have stopped working in the past 15 years due to the known crisis in former Yugoslavia. In the earlier period (1960s and 1970s) many village, agricultural households have moved to the town in the process of “industrialisation”, which decreased agricultural production, and industry later collapsed so most of the population lives in difficult conditions. Many small private companies have been started recently, mostly in the areas of commerce and catering industry. There is a very small number of companies that are creating new value. Workers in those new companies have no insurance or health service, so those companies do not have a bigger positive impact on the community. Total number of employed in the municipality is approximately 3,000. However, industry is starting to come back, a coal mine has started, and new commercial buildings are popping up. More residents are finally appearing.Berane is connected with rest of Montenegro by two-lane roads.Bijelo Polje is 35 km away, where there lies the major junction (railway and the road) towardsPodgorica and the coast, and toSerbia. Serbia can also be reached eastwards viaRožaje (forNovi Pazar). Berane is on the corridor of the futureBar-Boljare motorway. Berane has anairport, which hasn't been used for commercial traffic since the 1980s, although there have been plans for its revitalisation and usage as a regional airport.Podgorica Airport is some 150 km (93 mi) away, and has regular flights to and from majorEuropean destinations.
Berane has solid sport infrastructure. The most successful sport collectives are:handball club Berane and table tennis club Budim. There are alsofootball club Berane, basketball club Lim, boxing club Radnički Berane, athletic club, tennis club etc. The Sports Centre consists of many sport objects.City Stadium with capacity of 11,000 people is the second largeststadium in Montenegro. Just next to the stadium, a new modern city hall is under construction.
Berane is administrative centre ofBerane Municipality, which in 2023 had a population of 25,162. The town itself had a population of 9,923.[2]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1948 | 3,701 | — |
| 1953 | 4,513 | +21.9% |
| 1961 | 6,969 | +54.4% |
| 1971 | 11,164 | +60.2% |
| 1981 | 12,720 | +13.9% |
| 1991 | 12,267 | −3.6% |
| 2003 | 11,776 | −4.0% |
| 2011 | 11,073 | −6.0% |
| 2023 | 9,923 | −10.4% |
According to the 2023 census, the municipality of Berane had a population of 24,645,[3] with the following ethnic composition:
| Serbs | 59.82% | |||
| Montenegrins | 26.57% | |||
| Bosniaks | 4.48% | |||
| Others | 9.13% | |||
| Climate data for Berane (1961–1990, extremes 1950–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) | 24.1 (75.4) | 26.5 (79.7) | 31.6 (88.9) | 33.9 (93.0) | 35.2 (95.4) | 38.4 (101.1) | 40.4 (104.7) | 36.8 (98.2) | 32.3 (90.1) | 24.1 (75.4) | 20.2 (68.4) | 40.4 (104.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 10.6 (51.1) | 15.2 (59.4) | 20.4 (68.7) | 23.3 (73.9) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.1 (79.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 17.2 (63.0) | 10.2 (50.4) | 3.4 (38.1) | 15.3 (59.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.0 (28.4) | 0.7 (33.3) | 4.5 (40.1) | 8.7 (47.7) | 13.4 (56.1) | 16.4 (61.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 17.7 (63.9) | 14.0 (57.2) | 9.2 (48.6) | 4.3 (39.7) | −0.5 (31.1) | 8.7 (47.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.9 (21.4) | −3.9 (25.0) | −0.9 (30.4) | 2.7 (36.9) | 6.4 (43.5) | 9.5 (49.1) | 10.9 (51.6) | 10.3 (50.5) | 7.5 (45.5) | 3.4 (38.1) | 0.0 (32.0) | −4.2 (24.4) | 3.0 (37.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −28.3 (−18.9) | −26 (−15) | −18.6 (−1.5) | −9.2 (15.4) | −4.2 (24.4) | 0.2 (32.4) | 1.2 (34.2) | 2.2 (36.0) | −6.1 (21.0) | −7.7 (18.1) | −19.8 (−3.6) | −22.7 (−8.9) | −28.3 (−18.9) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 82.7 (3.26) | 65.5 (2.58) | 63.1 (2.48) | 81.9 (3.22) | 70.9 (2.79) | 71.6 (2.82) | 60.5 (2.38) | 60.6 (2.39) | 66.3 (2.61) | 74.9 (2.95) | 114.9 (4.52) | 100.4 (3.95) | 913.3 (35.95) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 14 | 14 | 139 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 83 | 78 | 73 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 69 | 70 | 76 | 78 | 81 | 85 | 75 |
| Source: Hydrological and Meteorological Service of Montenegro[4][5] | |||||||||||||
The local football team isFK Berane, who have spent several seasons in the country'stop tier. They share theirBerane City Stadium with lower league sideFK Napredak. The town's handball team isRK Berane.
Despite all the problems, the town remains an important educational, medical, religional and sport centre having produced many successful individuals in those categories:
Artists
Athletes
Political, educational and historical figures
Others and related people
Footnotes
Notes
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