Benjamin Constant | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Secretary of State of Public Instruction, Posts and Telegraphs | |
| In office 19 April 1890 – 21 January 1891 | |
| President | Deodoro da Fonseca |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | João Barbalho (acting) |
| Minister of War | |
| In office 15 November 1889 – 12 March 1890 | |
| President | Deodoro da Fonseca |
| Preceded by | Viscount of Maracaju |
| Succeeded by | Eduardo Wandenkolk |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 18 October 1836 |
| Died | 22 January 1891(1891-01-22) (aged 54) Rio de Janeiro,Neutral Municipality, Brazil |
| Party | Republican |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 8 |
| Parents |
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| Education | Praia Vermelha Military School |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Empire of Brazil (until 1889) United States of Brazil |
| Branch/service | Imperial Brazilian Army Brazilian Army |
| Years of service | 1852–1891 |
| Rank | Lieutenant colonel |
| Battles/wars | Paraguayan War |
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Benjamin Constant Botelho de Magalhães (18 October 1836 – 22 January 1891) was a Brazilian military officer and political thinker. Primarily apositivist, influenced heavily byAuguste Comte, he was the founder of the positivist movement in Brazil (Sociedade Positivista do Brasil,Brazilian Positivist Society), and later this led to hisrepublican views. He left the Brazilian Positivist Society because of internal disagreements, but remained an ardent pupil of Comte until the end of his life.
Benjamin Constant was born inNiterói. He had a difficult childhood and attempted suicide at the age of 12. He served in theParaguayan War, and had a large family. He felt underpaid and unhappy as a soldier. An intellectual at heart, he was a great supporter of Comte'sReligion of Humanity.
His republican views led him to found the Clube Militar (or Military Club), with future presidentDeodoro da Fonseca, in May 1887.[1] It was based in thePraia Vermelha Military School [pt], and, shortly before his death, helped toorganize a coup tooverthrow Emperor Pedro II and establish a republic.
The Brazilian town ofBenjamin Constant,Amazonas, near theAmazon River and thePeruvian border, was named after him.
He was consideredthe founder of the Republic in the Constitution of 1891, having died earlier the same year inRio de Janeiro, aged 54.
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