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Belotecan

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Chemical compound

Pharmaceutical compound

Belotecan
Clinical data

ATC code	L01CE04 (WHO)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (4S)-4-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-11-[2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]-1H-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione
CAS Number	256411-32-2
PubChemCID	6456014
DrugBank	DB12459^Y
ChemSpider	4958253^Y
UNII	27Z82M2G1N
KEGG	D03225
ChEMBL	ChEMBL2107315
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)	DTXSID60180332
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₅H₂₇N₃O₄
Molar mass	433.508 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C\1N4\C(=C/C2=C/1COC(=O)[C@]2(O)CC)c3nc5c(c(c3C4)CCNC(C)C)cccc5
InChI InChI=1S/C25H27N3O4/c1-4-25(31)19-11-21-22-17(12-28(21)23(29)18(19)13-32-24(25)30)15(9-10-26-14(2)3)16-7-5-6-8-20(16)27-22/h5-8,11,14,26,31H,4,9-10,12-13H2,1-3H3/t25-/m0/s1^Y Key:LNHWXBUNXOXMRL-VWLOTQADSA-N^Y
(verify)

Belotecan is a drug used inchemotherapy. It is asemi-synthetic camptothecin analogue indicated forsmall-cell lung cancer andovarian cancer, approved in South Korea under the trade nameCamtobell, presented in 2 mg vials for injection.^[1] The drug has been marketed byChong Kun Dang Pharmaceuticals^[2] since 2003.^[3]

Mechanism of action

[edit]

Belotecan blockstopoisomerase I with a pIC₅₀ of 6.56,^[4] stabilizing the cleavable complex of topoisomerase I-DNA, which inhibits thereligation of single-stranded DNA breaks generated by topoisomerase I; lethal double-stranded DNA breaks occur when the topoisomerase I-DNA complex is encountered by the DNA replication machinery, DNA replication is disrupted, and the tumor cell undergoes apoptosis. Topoisomerase I is an enzyme that mediates reversible single-strand breaks in DNA during DNA replication.^[5]

References

[edit]

^"Camtobell Inj. 2mg". Chong Kun Dang pharmaceutical Corp. Archived fromthe original on 12 November 2016.
^"Camtobell Inj. 2mg". Chong Kun Dang pharmaceutical Corp. Archived fromthe original on 12 November 2016.
^Sahoo U, ed. (2012).Clinical Research in Asia: Opportunities and Challenges. Oxford: Woodhead Publishing Limited. p. 152.ISBN 978-1-908818-13-3.New drugs approved in South Korea
^"Belotecan".drugcentral.org. UNM School of Medicine. 2016-07-31. Retrieved2016-11-12.
^Li F, Jiang T, Li Q, Ling X (2017)."Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives are known to target topoisomerase I (Top1) as their mechanism of action: did we miss something in CPT analogue molecular targets for treating human disease such as cancer?".American Journal of Cancer Research.7 (12):2350–2394.PMC 5752681.PMID 29312794.

Intracellularchemotherapeutic agents /antineoplastic agents (L01)

SPs/MIs
(M phase)

Blockmicrotubule assembly	Vinca alkaloids (Vinblastine^# Vincristine^# Vindesine Vinflunine^§ Vinorelbine^#)
Block microtubule disassembly	Taxanes (Cabazitaxel Docetaxel^# Larotaxel Ortataxel^† Paclitaxel^# Tesetaxel) Epothilones (Ixabepilone)

DNA replication
inhibitor

DNA precursors/
antimetabolites
(S phase)

Folic acid	Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (Aminopterin Methotrexate^# Pemetrexed Pralatrexate) Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (Pemetrexed Raltitrexed)
Purine	Adenosine deaminase inhibitor (Pentostatin) Halogenated/ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors (Cladribine Clofarabine Fludarabine) Nelarabine Rabacfosadine Thiopurine (Mercaptopurine^# Tioguanine^#)
Pyrimidine	Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (Capecitabine^# Carmofur Doxifluridine Floxuridine Fluorouracil^# Tegafur (+gimeracil/oteracil)) DNA polymerase inhibitor (Cytarabine^#+daunorubicin) Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor (Gemcitabine^#) Hypomethylating agent (Azacitidine Decitabine)
Deoxyribonucleotide	Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor (Hydroxycarbamide^#)

Topoisomerase inhibitors
(S phase)

I	Camptotheca (Belotecan Camptothecin Cositecan^† Etirinotecan pegol^† Exatecan Gimatecan Irinotecan^# Lurtotecan^‡ Rubitecan^‡ Silatecan^§ Topotecan)
II	Podophyllum (Etoposide^# Teniposide)
II+Intercalation	Anthracyclines (Aclarubicin Amrubicin^† Daunorubicin^# (+cytarabine) Doxorubicin^# Epirubicin Idarubicin Pirarubicin Valrubicin Zorubicin) Anthracenediones (Losoxantrone Mitoxantrone Pixantrone) Amsacrine Bisantrene Crisnatol Menogaril^§

Crosslinking of DNA
(CCNS)

Alkylating	Nitrogen mustards:Bendamustine^# Chlormethine Cyclophosphamide^# (Ifosfamide^# Trofosfamide) Chlorambucil^# Melphalan (Melphalan flufenamide) Prednimustine Uramustine Nitrosoureas:Carmustine Fotemustine Lomustine (Semustine) Nimustine Ranimustine Streptozocin Alkyl sulfonates:Busulfan (Mannosulfan Treosulfan) Aziridines:Carboquone Thiotepa Triaziquone Triethylenemelamine
Platinum-based	Carboplatin^# Cisplatin^# Dicycloplatin Nedaplatin Oxaliplatin^# Satraplatin
Nonclassical	Altretamine Hydrazines (Procarbazine^#) Etoglucid Mitobronitol Pipobroman Triazenes (Dacarbazine^# Mitozolomide^§ Temozolomide)
Intercalation	Streptomyces (Dactinomycin^# Bleomycin^# (Pingyangmycin) Ixabepilone Mitomycin Plicamycin Utidelone)

Photosensitizers/PDT

Other

Enzyme inhibitors	FI (Tipifarnib^§) CDK inhibitors (Abemaciclib Alvocidib^† Palbociclib Ribociclib Seliciclib^†) PrI Bortezomib Carfilzomib Oprozomib Ixazomib PhI (Anagrelide) IMPDI (Tiazofurin^§) LI (Masoprocol) PARP inhibitor (Fuzuloparib Niraparib +abiraterone acetate Olaparib Rucaparib) HDAC (Belinostat Entinostat Panobinostat Romidepsin Vorinostat) PIKI (Pi3K) (Alpelisib Copanlisib^‡ Duvelisib Idelalisib Inavolisib Umbralisib^‡) IDH (Enasidenib Ivosidenib Olutasidenib Vorasidenib)
Receptor antagonists	ERA (Atrasentan) Retinoid X receptor (Bexarotene) Sex steroid (Testolactone)
Other/ungrouped	Adagrasib Aflibercept Arsenic trioxide Asparagine depleters (Asparaginase^#/Pegaspargase) Axicabtagene ciloleucel Belzutifan Bexarotene Brexucabtagene autoleucel Calaspargase pegol Celecoxib Ciltacabtagene autoleucel Darinaparsin Demecolcine Denileukin diftitox Eflornithine Elesclomol^§ Elsamitrucin Epacadostat Eribulin Estramustine Glasdegib Idecabtagene vicleucel Idroxioleic acid Imetelstat Lifileucel Lisocabtagene maraleucel Lonidamine Lucanthone Lurbinectedin Mitoguazone Mitotane Nadofaragene firadenovec Navitoclax Nirogacestat Obecabtagene autoleucel Oblimersen^† Omacetaxine mepesuccinate Para-toluenesulfonamide Pelabresib Plitidepsin Retinoids (Alitretinoin Tretinoin^#) Selinexor Sitimagene ceradenovec Sotorasib Tabelecleucel Tagraxofusp Talimogene laherparepvec Tazemetostat Tebentafusp Tiazofurine Tigilanol tiglate Tisagenlecleucel Trabectedin Veliparib Venetoclax Verdinexor Vosaroxin

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

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