Utility transport helicopter family by Bell
TheBell 412 is autility helicopter of theHuey family manufactured byBell Helicopter . It is a development of theBell 212 , with the major difference being the composite four-blade main rotor. It is a twin-turbine helicopter that has been popular on the civilian and military markets, and major users include Canada, Italy, and Japan. Several hundred have been produced since its introduction in 1979, and several iterations of upgrades and variations have been produced, such as with upgraded cockpit electronics.
It has been manufactured under license byAgusta in Italy as theAgusta-Bell AB412 , in Indonesia byIndonesian Aerospace , and in Japan byFuji Heavy Industries . TheCH-46 Griffon , a Bell 412 variant for the Canadian Armed Forces, is manufactured in Bell-Textron's main commercial factory in Mirabel, Quebec.
Design and development [ edit ] Bell 412CF looking forward from the tail Bell 412 on approach Development began in the late 1970s, with two Bell 212s being converted into 412 prototypes. An advanced four-blade main rotor with a smaller diameter replaced the 212's two-blade rotor. A Bell 412 prototype first flew in August 1979. The initial model was certified in January 1981, with deliveries commencing in the same month.[ 2] The 412 model was followed by the412SP (Special Performance) version, which featured a larger fuel capacity, a higher takeoff weight, and optional seating arrangements. In 1991, the412HP (High Performance) variant with improved transmission replaced the SP version in production.[ 2]
A Chilean Air Force Bell 412 In the early 2000s, Bell offered the Bell 412EP as its Bell 412 LUH entrant in the U.S. Army Light Utility Helicopter program, where it competed against several other light helicopters for an order.[ 3]
The current production version,412EP (Enhanced Performance), is equipped with a dual digital automatic flight control system. In 2013, Bell introduced the412EPI , which includes anelectronic (digital) engine control upgrade for the PT6T-9 engine, and aglass cockpit display system similar to the one installed on the Bell 429. Also featured is aGarmin touchscreen navigation system, plus the BLR Strake and Fast Fin upgrades for improved hover performance.[ 4] Over 700 Model 412s (including 260 by AgustaWestland) have been built.[ 5] [unreliable source? ]
The helicopter is powered by the Pratt and Whitney Canada twin-pack power plant with two turboshaft engines and has achieved the lowest in-flight shut-down rate of aircraft turboshaft engines. If one engine is shut down, a single engine can produce emergency power for 30 minutes.[ 6]
The aircraft has been produced in Montreal, Canada, in Italy under license by Agusta, in Indonesia by Indonesian Aerospace, and also in Japan by Subaru (Fuji Heavy Industries).[ 7] The Bell 412 was also initially manufactured in Texas, USA.[ 8]
The emergency medical configuration can carry 6 patients/wounded and two attendants, or two stretchers and up to four attendants.[ 6]
By 2022, over 1,300 Bell 412 helicopters had been delivered.[ 9]
Bell 412HP of Heli Austria RAF Griffin HT1 Bell 412 Standard Model with P&WC PT6T-3B Bell 412SP Special Performance version with P&WC PT6T-3BF engines Bell 412HP High performance version with P&WC PT6T-3BG or -3D engines Bell 412CF (CH-146 Griffon ) 100 custom-built utility transport helicopters for theCanadian Forces , based on 412EP and designated by Bell as 412CF Bell 412EP Enhanced performance version with P&WC PT6T-3DF engines Bell 412EPI Glass cockpit version with P&WC PT6T-9 electronic controlled engines Bell Griffin HT1 Advanced training helicopter based on the Bell 412EP, operated by theRoyal Air Force (RAF) between 1997 and 2018 as an advanced flying trainer. Operated by theDefence Helicopter Flying School atRAF Shawbury and theSearch and Rescue Training Unit atRAF Valley . Bell Griffin HAR2 Search and Rescue helicopter based on the Bell 412EP, operated byNo. 84 Squadron RAF between 2003 and 2023 atRAF Akrotiri inCyprus .[ 10] Agusta-Bell AB 412 Civil utility transport version, built under license in Italy byAgusta .[ 11] Agusta-Bell AB 412EP Italian-built version of the Bell 412EP.[ 11] Agusta-Bell AB 412 Grifone Military utility transport version, built under licence in Italy by Agusta.[ 11] UH-X prototype Agusta-Bell AB 412 CRESO Italian-built version, fitted with a ground surveillance radar. Bell 412 LUH Entry for the U.S. Army Light Utility Helicopter (LUH) program. Lost to the EC145 entry (seeUH-72 Lakota )[ 12] NBell 412 Indonesian Aerospace 's (formerly IPTN) licensed product of Bell 412.[ 11] Subaru-Bell UH-2 (Formerly known as UH-X) Modified version of the Bell 412 EPI; 150 on order to meet theJGSDF 's requirement for aUH-1J replacement.[ 13] [ 14] [ 15] [ 16] Subaru-Bell 412EPX Commercial version of UH-X.[ 17] [ 18] H.1B (Thai :ฮ.๖ข )Royal Thai Armed Forces designation for the Bell 412.[ 19] H.1C (Thai :ฮ.๖ค ) Royal Thai Armed Forces designation for the Bell 412(HP)SP.[ 19] H.1E (Thai :ฮ.๖ง ) Royal Thai Armed Forces designation for the Bell 412EP.[ 19] H.LL.2 (Thai :ฮ.ลล.๒ )Royal Thai Navy designation for the Bell 412.[ 19] The Bell 412 is used by private and commercial operators. It is particularly popular in the oil industries, military, law enforcement, and formedevac use. Around 2022-23, the unit cost for a 412EPX model was between US$14.5 million[ 20] and US$16 million.[ 21]
Chilean Air Force Bell 412 Algeria Algerian Air Force [ 22] Argentina Argentine Air Force [ 22] Australia Australian Army : 2 under lease atArmy Aviation Training Center .[ 23] Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Air Force [ 22] Bahrain Bahraini Air Force [ 22] Botswana Botswana Defence Force [ 22] Cameroon Cameroon Air Force [ 22] Canadian CH-146 Griffon Canada Royal Canadian Air Force 3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School (3e École de pilotage des Forces canadiennes )Chile Chilean Air Force [ 22] Colombia Colombian Navy [ 22] Cyprus Cypriot National Guard [ 24] El Salvador Salvadoran Air Force [ 22] Eritrea Eritrean Air Force [ 22] Agusta-Bell AB-412 of the Italian Army AB-412 cockpit Ghana Ghana Air Force [ 22] Guatemala Guatemalan Air Force [ 22] Guyana Guyana Defence Force [ 22] Honduras Honduran Air Force [ 22] Indonesia Indonesian Army [ 22] Indonesian Navy [ 22] Italy Italian Army [ 22] Iraq 412M on order.[ 25] Jamaica Jamaica Defence Force [ 22] JGSDF UH-2 in November 2023 at Camp Akeno, Japan Japan Japan Ground Self Defence Force [ 22] Lesotho Lesotho Defence Force [ 22] Mexican Air Force Bell 412EP, 2012 Mexico Mexican Air Force [ 22] Montenegro Montenegrin Air Force [ 26] Morocco Moroccan Navy [ 22] Nigeria Nigerian Air Force [ 22] Norway Royal Norwegian Air Force [ 22] Pakistan Pakistan Air Force [ 22] Pakistan Army [ 22] A Slovenian Air Force Bell 412 Panama National Aeronaval Service of Panama [ 22] Peru Peruvian Air Force [ 22] Peruvian Navy [ 22] Philippines Philippine Air Force [ 27] Saudi Arabia Royal Saudi Air Force [ 22] Slovenia Slovenian Air Force [ 22] Somalia Somali Air Force [ 28] Two Bell 412 of the Republic of Korea Air Force South Korea South Korean Air Force [ 22] Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Air Force [ 22] Tanzania Tanzania People's Defense Force [ 22] A 412 of the Royal Thai Air Force Thailand Royal Thai Air Force [ 22] Tunisia Tunisian Air Force [ 22] [ 29] Turkey Turkish Coast Guard [ 30] United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Air Force [ 22] Uruguay Uruguayan Navy [ 22] Venezuela Venezuelan Army [ 22] Venezuelan Navy [ 22] Zimbabwe Air Force of Zimbabwe [ 22] Government operators [ edit ] New South Wales Bell 412EP at Wagga Wagga with the Rural Fire Service Australia Department of Fire and Emergency Services [ 31] [ 32] Emergency Management Queensland [ 33] New South Wales Police Force [ 34] New South Wales Rural Fire Service [ 35] SAAS MedSTAR Retrieval Service [ 36] Brazil Federal Police [ 37] Canada Canadian Coast Guard [ 38] [ 39] National Research Council [ 40] Surete du Quebec [ 41] Colombia National Police of Colombia [ 42] Croatia Croatian Ministry of Interior [ 43] AFinnish Border Guard Agusta Bell AB-412 Czech Republic Police of the Czech Republic [ 44] Finland Finnish Border Guard [ 45] India Government of Uttar Pradesh : Operates two Bell 412EP.[ 46] [ 47] Indonesia Indonesian National Police [ 48] Iran Iranian Red Crescent Society [ 49] An ItalianGuardia di Finanza Agusta Bell AB-412 Italy Guardia di Finanza [ 50] [unreliable source? ] State Forestry Corps [ 51] Japan Japan Coast Guard [ 52] Tokyo Metropolitan Police [ 53] South Korean National Police Bell 412 South Korea Coast Guard [ 54] [ 55] Slovenia Slovenian National Police [ 56] United States Chicago Fire Department [ 57] Delaware State Police [ 58] Los Angeles Police Department [ 59] Los Angeles County Fire Department [ 60] Miami-Dade County Fire Department [ 61] New York Police Department [ 62] Orange County Fire Authority [ 63] San Diego Fire Department [ 64] United States Park Police [ 65] Ventura County Fire Department [ 66] Virginia State Police [ 67] Kern County Fire Department AnLA County Fire Dept. 412 sits atop a helipad in the mountains in theAngeles National Forest . Netherlands Royal Netherlands Air Force . AB412 helicopters retired from SAR duties in 2015.[ 68] Poland Polish Air Force , 1 412HP used 1993–2011[ 69] United States Los Angeles Fire Department [ 70] Uganda Uganda Air Force [ 71] United Kingdom Royal Air Force Incidents and accidents [ edit ] On April 4, 1991, a Bell 412SPcollided in mid-air with aPiper Aerostar overLower Merion Township, Pennsylvania , during an improvised attempt to inspect the Aerostar's landing gear. The accident killed all five people on both aircraft, including Aerostar passenger and United States senatorJohn Heinz , along with two children on the ground. The collision was attributed to poor judgment by the pilots of both aircraft.[ 72] [ 73] On December 10, 2006, Bell 412SP medical helicopterMercy Air 2 crashed in mountainous terrain nearHesperia, California . All three crew members on board died. The accident was attributed tocontrolled flight into terrain in low visibility.[ 74] [ 75] On December 7, 2023, a Bell 412EP operated by the Guyanese militarywent down carrying 2 crew and 5 senior officers at the border between Venezuela and Guyana during bad weather.[ 76] [ 77] Specifications (Bell 412EP)[ edit ] Rotor head and transmission of a Bell 412 Data from International Directory of Civil Aircraft,[ 78] Bell 412EP Product Specifications[ 79]
General characteristics
Crew: one-two pilotsCapacity: up to 13 passengers, maximum external load of almost 6,614 lb (3,000 kg)[ 5] Length: 56 ft 1 in (17.09 m) including rotorsFuselage length: 43 ft (13 m)Height: 15 ft 0 in (4.57 m)Empty weight: 6,789 lb (3,079 kg)Max takeoff weight: 11,900 lb (5,398 kg)Blade sections: root: Boeing VR-7;tip: Wortmann FX 71-H-080[ 80] Powerplant: 1 ×Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6T-3D Twin-Pac or PT6T-3DF Twin-Pac coupledturboshaft engine - each, 1,250 shp (930 kW)900 shp (671 kW) single power section emergency power Main rotor diameter: 46 ft 0 in (14.02 m)Main rotor area: 1,662 sq ft (154.4 m2 )Performance
Maximum speed: 140 kn (160 mph, 260 km/h)Cruise speed: 122 kn (140 mph, 226 km/h)Range: 529 nmi (609 mi, 980 km)Service ceiling: 20,000 ft (6,100 m)Rate of climb: 1,350 ft/min (6.9 m/s)Power/mass : 0.2663 hp/lb (0.4378 kW/kg)Related development
Related lists
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Bell 412 .
Manufacturer designations Fighter aircraft Target drones Attack helicopters Observation and utility helicopters Commercial helicopters Tiltrotors UAVs Non-production helicopters Experimental aircraft Names 1 Unknown/not assigned
Military Civilian Foreign production
Topics
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EA EC (first sequence)EC (second sequence)EES EM EOA ERI ESC ETM
By role
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Post–1940 unified sequence Italics Pre-unification designations • 1 Assigned to multiple types • 2 Not unified with main sequence
H (Helicopter) H.PhT (Mapping helicopter) H.TPh (Anti-surface ship helicopter) H.PD (Anti-submarine helicopter) H.LL (Transport helicopter)
Cargo (C) Fighter (F) Helicopter (H) Patrol (P) Reconnaissance (R) Search & rescue (S) Trainer (T) 1 Not assigned