Беларускія амэрыканцы (Belarusian) | |
|---|---|
| Total population | |
| 600,000[1] (without descendants) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| New York,New Jersey,Connecticut,Cleveland,Chicago,Los Angeles,Detroit,Minneapolis,Boston,Baltimore | |
| Languages | |
| Belarusian,Russian,American English | |
| Religion | |
| PredominantlyOrthodoxy MinorityRoman Catholicism orJudaism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Russian Americans,Ukrainian Americans,Rusyn Americans,Polish Americans |
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Belarusian Americans, previously known asWhite Russian Americans,[2] and sometimes asWhite Ruthenian Americans,[3] areAmericans who are of total or partialBelarusian ancestry.
There is an assumption that the first Belarusian settlers in the United States, who settled there at the beginning of the 17th century inVirginia, could have been brought as Slavic slaves by CaptainJohn Smith, who visitedBelarus in 1603.[3] The first wave of mass emigration from Belarus started in the final decades of the nineteenth century and continued untilWorld War I. They emigrated to the United States viaLibava (Liepāja,Latvia) and northern Germany. When they arrived, most settled inNew York,Philadelphia,Boston, andBaltimore. However, most of these first Belarusians were registered either as Russians (those who were Orthodox Christians) or as Poles (Roman Catholics).[3] This was because the first wave of immigrants came before the full development and spread ofBelarusian nationalism.[4][5] Most ethnic Belarusians (those who were not genetically or culturally Polish, Lithuanian, or Jewish) considered themselves to be Russian.[4][6] Furthermore, even today, those who descend from pre-World War I immigrants often use the more archaic term "White Russian" to describe their ancestry instead of "Belarusian".[2]
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According to the1990 United States Census, only 4,277 respondents claimed Belarusian ancestry; there are no reports as to the estimated population from the2000 census.[7] The majority of thepre-Revolutionary immigrants from Belarus who were ethnic Belarusians identified as Russian, more or less holdingRussophilic or Westrussianist views.[8][9] A large portion of theRussian American community consisted of immigrants from Belarus. Belarus had, and still has, aPolish minority consisting of ethnic Poles, the descendants of the Polish nobility and gentry, as well as descendants ofPolonized Belarusian peasants.[10][11] In addition, the term "Belarusian" only became common near the end of the Soviet Union's existence, and most persons of Belarusian ancestry in the United States would be unaware of the term, referring to themselves as "White Russian" rather than "Belarusian".
Since it was customary inAmerican English of that time to use a historicalRuthenian designation for variousEast Slavic peoples, Belarusians in the U.S. were sometimes referred to asWhite Ruthenians. For example, the first Belarusian-American newspaper,Belaruskaja trybuna (Belarusian:Беларуская трыбуна,lit. 'Belarusian Tribune'), was published since 1926 by theWhiteruthenian National Association, and had an English subtitle:Whiteruthenian Tribune.[12]
The largest concentrations of Belarusian Americans are in themetropolitan New York area,New Jersey (especiallyHighland Park andSouth River),Cleveland (and its suburbs),Chicago (recent immigrants concentrated aroundWheeling),Los Angeles,Sacramento (largely aroundOrangevale andNorth Highlands) andDetroit.
There were several waves of Belarusian influx into the U.S., one before theRussian Revolution, then in 1919-1939 fromWestern Belarus, then in the late 1940s-early 1950s (after the Second World War), and after the collapse of the USSR in the 1990s.
One major group of Belarusian immigrants to the U.S. are BelarusianJews who migrated starting in the mid-19th century, having faced discrimination in theRussian Empire, which Belarus was part of at the time.
According to the 2000 Census Bureau report,[13] 38,505 people who were born in Belarus lived in the United States. 1,363 of them spoke theBelarusian language at home.[14]
Belarusian-born population in the U.S. since 2010:[15]
| Year | Number |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 56,217 |
| 2011 |  56,618 |
| 2012 |  49,823 |
| 2013 | 50,934 |
| 2014 | 56,791 |
| 2015 | 56,958 |
| 2016 | 62,514 |
There are several organizations in the United States that have developed a system of secondary schools in places with communities of Belarusian descent. These organizations have the goal of teaching the language, culture, and religious traditions of Belarus. Thus the Belarusian culture is represented by choirs, theatrical groups, and musical and dance ensembles. One of the more prominent associations is theBelarusan American Association.[3]Red, white, black and green colors dominate in the nationalcostume. The national costumes differ depending on the region of Belarus. In the 1950s theSt. Euphrosynia Belarusian Orthodox Church was created inSouth River, New Jersey.
Belarusian cuisine has left a trace in the life of theAmericans. One of the proofs is the traditional bagel. The Americans also know Belarusianpierogi,kielbasy and cabbages. The Belarusian cuisine is dominated by various grains,potatoes, beef, pork and mushrooms. Actually, many dishes are cooked from potatoes; for example,draniki,babka, etc. There are also dishes similar to the ones of neighboring countries (Lithuania,Latvia,Ukraine,Russia,Poland):cabbage rolls,bortsch, cold beetroot soup ormeat jelly.[16]
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