Beijing Airport was opened on 1 March 1958.[6]: 20 The airport then consisted of one small terminal building, which still stands to this day, apparently for the use of VIPs and charter flights, along with a single 2,500-meter (8,200 ft) runway on its eastern side,[6]: 18 which was extended to 3,200 meters (10,500 ft) in 1966 and 3,800 meters (12,500 ft) in 1982 respectively.[6]: 22 Another 3,200-meter (10,500 ft) runway on the west was completed in October 1978. On 1 January 1980, a newer, larger Terminal 1 – green in color – opened, with docks for 10 to 12 aircraft. The terminal was larger than the one built in the 1950s but, by the mid-1990s, its size had become inadequate.[citation needed]
In late 1999, to mark the 50th anniversary of the founding of the PRC, the airport underwent a new round of expansion. Terminal 2 opened on 1 November of that year and Terminal 1 was temporarily closed for renovation. 20 September 2004 saw the opening of the renovated Terminal 1 which, at that time, only handledChina Southern Airlines' domestic and international flights from Beijing.[7] Other airlines' domestic and international flights still operated in Terminal 2.
More expansion began in 2007. A third runway opened on 29 October 2007, to relieve congestion on the other two runways.[8] Terminal 3 (T3) was completed in February 2008, in time for the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. The significant expansion included a rail link to the city center.
At its opening, the new Terminal 3 was the largest man-made structure in the world in terms of area covered, and a major landmark in the developing Chinese capital. The expansion was largely funded by a 30 billion yen loan from Japan and a 500-million-euro (US$625 million) loan from theEuropean Investment Bank (EIB). The loan was the largest ever granted by the EIB in Asia, and the agreement was signed during the eighth China-EU Summit held in September 2005.[9]
Following the2008 Summer Olympics and the addition of adding the new terminal building, Beijing Capital overtookTokyo Haneda as the busiest airport in Asia based on scheduled seat capacity.[10]
Terminal 2 opened on 1 November 1999, with a floor area of 336,000 m2 (3,620,000 sq ft).[12] This terminal was used to replace Terminal 1 while the latter was undergoing renovation, cramping all airlines despite being far bigger than Terminal 1. It can handle twenty aircraft at docks connecting directly to the terminal building. Prior to the opening of Terminal 3, all international flights (and the majority of domestic flights) operated from this terminal. This terminal now housesHainan Airlines (all international, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan flights),SkyTeam with the exception ofChina Airlines, which uses Terminal 3,Oneworld memberSriLankan Airlines,Air Koryo, and other domestic and international flights other than those operated byShanghai Airlines,Star Alliance members andOneworld members. A gate capable of handling the A380 (gate 21) was also built at the terminal.Star Alliance memberAir China also uses Terminal 2 for some of its domestic flights.[13]
Terminals 1 and 2 are linked by a public walkway that takes about 10–15 minutes to traverse.
Terminal 1, with 60,000 m2 (650,000 sq ft) of space, opened on 1 January 1980, and replaced the smaller existing terminal, which had been in operation since 1958.[6]: 24 [12] Terminal 1 was closed for renovation from 1 November 1999 to 20 September 2004, during which all airlines operated from Terminal 2. Featuring 16 gates, it was the operational base for the domestic routes ofChina Southern Airlines and a few other airlines such asXiamenAir andChongqing Airlines, and was originally planned to handle domestic traffic excluding those to Hong Kong andMacau.
With the opening of Terminal 3, the terminal was closed for light refurbishment, and its airlines were moved to Terminal 2 on 20 May 2008.[14] Terminal 1 reopened for a second time on 27 June 2008, and became the operational base for all domestic flights operated by theHNA Group including those ofHainan Airlines,Grand China Air andTianjin Airlines, while all HNA Group's international, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan flights remain in Terminal 2.[15]
On 3 May 2020, Terminal 1 temporary closed for reproposing, after Hainan Airlines moved its all domestic routes to Terminal 2. The Terminal 1 was reopened on 1 August 2023 as Westwing Satellite Terminal as part of Terminal 2.[16]
Terminal 3 was designed by a consortium ofNetherlands Airport Consultants (NACO),Foster + Partners,Arup and the Beijing Institute of Architectural Design (BIAD). Lighting was designed by UK lighting architectsSpeirs and Major Associates. The budget for the expansion is US$3.5 billion. Much larger in size and scale than the other two terminals, Terminal 3 was the largest airport terminal-building complex in the world to be built in a single phase, with 986,000 m2 (10,610,000 sq ft) in total floor area at its opening.[12] It features a main passenger terminal (Terminal 3C) and two satellite concourses (Terminal 3D and Terminal 3E), all of the five floors above ground and two underground, with the letters "A and B" omitted to avoid confusion with the existing Terminals 1 and 2. Only two concourses were initially opened, namely, Terminal 3C dedicated for domestic flights and Terminal 3E for international flights. Terminal 3D officially opened on 18 April 2013. The newly opened concourse is temporarily used solely by Air China for some of its domestic flights.[18]
On 20 July 2013, a man in a wheelchair detonated small homemade explosives in Terminal 3 of the Beijing International Airport. The bomber, reported to be Ji Zhongxing, was injured and taken to a hospital for his injuries. No other people were hurt.[19][20]
Terminal 3 has a 300,000 m2 (3,200,000 sq ft) transportation hub with a 7,000-car garage. The transportation center has designated traffic lanes for airport buses, taxis, and private vehicles. Travelers bound for T3 can exit their vehicles and enter T3 within five minutes. There is also a station for theCapital Airport Express of theBeijing Subway.
Terminal 3 has 243 elevators, escalators or moving walkways.
One of Terminal 3's highlights is the US$240 million luggage-transfer systems. The luggage system is equipped with yellow carts, each of which has a code that matches the bar code on every piece of luggage loaded and allows easy and accurate tracking. More than 200 cameras are used to monitor activities in the luggage area.
The luggage system can handle 19,200 pieces of luggage per hour. After luggage is checked in at any of the 292 counters in Terminal 3C, it can be transferred at a speed of ten meters per second. Hence, a suitcase can travel from T3C to T3E in five minutes. Arriving passengers should be able to begin retrieving their luggage within 4.5 minutes after airplanes are unloaded.
Besides X-ray scanners, additional equipment is used to conduct baggage screening. Passengers will be able to check-in their luggage at the airport from several hours to even a day before their flights. The airport will store the luggage in its luggage system and then load it on the correct aircraft.
The control tower at Beijing Capital International Airport
The highest building at the airport, a 98.3 m (323 ft) monitoring tower, stands at the southern end of T3. The roof of T3 is red, the Chinese color for good luck. The terminal's ceilings use white strips for decoration and to indicate directions. Under the white strips, the basic color of the ceiling is orange with light to dark tones indicating where a passenger is inside the building. The roof is light orange in the center. The color deepens as the roof extends to the sides in T3E and goes the other way round in T3C.
The roof of T3 has dozens of triangular windows to let in the daylight. Light angles can be adjusted to ensure adequate interior lighting. Many traditional Chinese elements will be employed in the terminal's interior decoration, including a "Menhai", a big copper vat used to store water for fighting fires in the Forbidden City, and the carvings imitating the famousNine-Dragon Wall.
An indoor garden in the T3E waiting area is built in the style of imperial gardens such as the Summer Palace. In T3C, a tunnel landscape of an underground garden has been finished with plants on each side so that passengers can appreciate them inside the mini-train.[21]
The T3 food-service area is called a "global kitchen", where 72 stores provide food ranging from formal dishes to fast food, from Chinese to Western, and from bakery goods to ice cream. Airport officials have promised that people who buy products at the airport will find the same prices in central Beijing. In addition to food and beverage areas, there is a 16,200 m2 (174,000 sq ft) domestic retail area, a 12,600 m2 (136,000 sq ft) duty-free-store area and a nearly 7,200 m2 (78,000 sq ft) convenience-service area, which includes banks, business centers, Internet services and more. At 45,200 m2 (487,000 sq ft), the commercial area is twice the size of Beijing'sLufthansa Shopping Center.
The terminal provides 72 aerobridges or jetways and is further complemented with remote parking bays that bring the total number of gates to 150. Terminal 3 comes with an additionalrunway. It increases BCIA's total capacity by 72 million passengers per year to approximately 90 million.[22]
The terminal has gates and a nearby runway that can handle theAirbus A380. This capability was proven whenSingapore Airlines briefly offered A380 flights to Beijing in August 2008 during the Summer Olympics.Emirates started its scheduled daily operation to Dubai on 1 August 2010.Singapore Airlines has been using an A380 since June 2014 and increased to two A380s in 2015.China Southern Airlines operated two flights to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, Chongqing Jiangbei Airport, and Amsterdam Schiphol Airport starting from 2011, 2013, and 2015 before retiring them in 2023.Lufthansa has been using these facilities since October 2010 to handle up to five A380 flights per week.
Terminal 3 consists of three sub-concourses. Both domestic and international travellers check in at concourse T3C. Gates for domestic flights are in T3C, and gates for domestic flights operated by Air China are also located in concourse T3D. All international, Hong Kong, and Macau, and Taiwan flights are handled in concourse T3E.
A Beijing Capital Airport Terminal 3 people mover
In conjunction with the construction of the new terminal,Bombardier Transportation installed a 2 km (1.2 mi)automated people mover which connects T3C and T3E via T3D in a 2–5-minute one-way trip.[114] The line usesInnovia APM 100 vehicles running at 6-minute intervals at a maximum speed of 55 kilometers per hour (34 mph).[115]
NewInnovia APM 300 vehicles were being delivered to Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 People Mover in July 2021.[116]
The airport provides a free interterminal shuttle bus between Terminals 1/2 and 3. They operate every 10 minutes from 6 am to 11 pm, and every 30 minutes from 11 pm until 6 am. Terminals 1 and 2 are connected by a lengthy corridor.
Beijing Capital International Airport is served by theCapital Airport Express, a dedicatedrail link operated as part of theBeijing Subway system. The 30.0 km (18.6 mi) line runs from Terminal 3 to Terminal 2 and then to the city with stops atSanyuanqiao andDongzhimen before ending atBeixinqiao. The line opened on 19 July 2008, in time for the2008 Summer Olympics, while a one-stop extension toBeixinqiao station was opened on 31 December 2021.[117] A one-way trip takes approximately 16–20 minutes.[118]
The airport is accessible by four expressestollways, two of which run directly from northeastern Beijing to the airport. The other two connect to the airport from nearby highways.
TheAirport Expressway is a 20 km (12 mi) toll road that runs from the northeastern3rd Ring Road atSanyuanqiao directly to Terminals 1 and 2. It was built in the 1990s and has served as the primary road connection to the city.
The2nd Airport Expressway, opened in 2008, is a 15.6 km (9.7 mi) toll road that runs east from Yaojiayuan Lu at the eastern5th Ring Road and then north to Terminal 3.
The Southern Airport Line, opened in 2008, is a toll road that runs parallel and to the south of the Northern Airport Line from the Jingcheng Expressway to the easternSixth Ring Road at the Litian Bridge. This highway crosses the Airport Expressway and 2nd Airport Expressway, and enables drivers on the former to reach Terminal 3 and the latter to head to Terminals 1 and 2.
On December 5, 1968, the airport was the site of two fatal accidents in less than 24 hours;
ACivil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)Ilyushin Il-14 on approach plunged towards the ground for undetermined reasons (possibly wind shear), broke apart and caught fire, and killed 13 out of the 14 occupants on board.[137]
Another CAAC Ilyushin Il-14 crashed 1.2 km (0.8mls) from PEK during a nighttime approach in poor visibility because of an incorrect altimeter setting and the absence of the flight instructor in the cockpit during the approach. Both occupants died.[138]
On August 27, 2019, anAir ChinaAirbus A330 caught fire while parked at the gate during boarding. All 161 passengers and crew evacuated safely, but the aircraft was substantially damaged and written off.[139]
^"新线开通 最新版线路图及首末班车时刻表" [The new line opens the latest version of the route map and the first and last train schedule].Sina Corporation Online (in Chinese). 1 January 2022.Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved3 March 2022.
^ab2008年全国机场吞吐量排名. Civil Aviation Administration of China. 12 March 2009. Archived fromthe original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved29 March 2011.
^2009年全国机场吞吐量排名. Civil Aviation Administration of China. 5 February 2010. Archived fromthe original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved29 March 2011.
^2010年全国机场吞吐量排名. Civil Aviation Administration of China. 15 March 2011. Archived fromthe original on 23 September 2011. Retrieved29 March 2011.
^2011年全国机场吞吐量排名 (in Chinese). Civil Aviation Administration of China. 21 March 2012. Archived fromthe original on 17 April 2012. Retrieved23 March 2012.
^2013年民航机场吞吐量排名 (in Chinese). Civil Aviation Administration of China. 24 March 2013. Archived fromthe original on 25 March 2014.
^2014年民航机场吞吐量排名 (in Chinese). Civil Aviation Administration of China. 3 April 2015. Archived fromthe original on 19 April 2015.
^联系方式. Beijing Capital Airlines. Archived fromthe original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved26 August 2012.北京首都国际机场货运北路3号首都航空大厦
^"youjidizhi.doc[permanent dead link]." (Archive[dead link]) Beijing Capital Airlines. Retrieved on 26 August 2012. "Address： Capital Airlines Building， No 3， North Cargo Road, Beijing Capital International Airport"
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
