Beatrice de Cardi | |
|---|---|
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| Born | (1914-06-05)5 June 1914 London, England |
| Died | 5 July 2016(2016-07-05) (aged 102)[1] London, England |
| Nationality | British |
| Title | Secretary of theCouncil for British Archaeology (1949–73) |
| Awards | Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1973) Burton Memorial Medal of theRoyal Asiatic Society (1993) Gold Medal of theSociety of Antiquaries of London (2014) |
| Academic background | |
| Education | St Paul's Girls' School |
| Alma mater | University College London |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Archaeologist |
| Sub-discipline | Specialist in the archeology of thePersian Gulf,Balochistan, Pakistan andQatar |
Beatrice Eileen de Cardi,OBE, FSA, FBA (5 June 1914 – 5 July 2016) was a Britisharchaeologist, specializing in the study of thePersian Gulf and theBaluchistan region ofPakistan. She was president of the British Foundation for the Study of Arabia,[2] and she was Secretary of theCouncil for British Archaeology from 1949 to 1973.[3] At the end of her career, she was the world's oldest practising archaeologist.[4]
De Cardi was born in London on 5 June 1914, the second daughter of a Corsican father, Edwin de Cardi, and an American mother, Christine Berbette Wurfflein.[4][5] She was educated atSt Paul's Girls' School, although her schooling was interrupted by ill health. From 1933 to 1935 she studied history, Latin and economics atUniversity College London.[5][6] She also studied archaeology, under the prominent archaeologistSir Mortimer Wheeler.[4]
De Cardi received her earliest training as an assistant at the digs conducted by Wheeler and his wife Tessa at theIron Age fort ofMaiden Castle in southern England.[4][7] Her role there involved learning to classify pottery, and led to a career-long interest.[4] In 1936, after graduating, she was offered a position as Wheeler's secretary at theLondon Museum, where he held the position of Keeper. She later became his assistant.[5][7]
DuringWorld War II de Cardi worked for the Allied Supplies Executive of the War Cabinet in China.[6] She was based inChungking but frequently visited India.[7] She became fascinated with the region, and after the war, she became Britain's Assistant Trade Commissioner inKarachi,Delhi, andLahore. From these locations she conducted archaeological surveys in western Baluchistan. De Cardi's work there involved collecting surface materials (including ceramic sherds, copper objects, bone and flint) from a number of sites inJhalawan. Her expeditions were carried out with the assistance of an official from the Pakistani Archaeological Department, Sadar Din. Din had been recommended to de Cardi by Wheeler, who had taken a new position of Director General of Archaeology in India.[7] Together, Din and de Cardi discovered 47 archaeological sites.[7]
After an absence from the region due to political unrest, de Cardi returned to Baluchistan in 1966. She discovered distinctive pottery at sites near theBampur River which led to a new understanding of the nature of trade links in the Persian Gulf region in the Bronze Age. She also carried out work in the Persian Gulf, and launched a number of expeditions in theUnited Arab Emirates that yielded the first examples ofUbaid pottery in the region.[8] In this time she also discovered more than 20 tombs from the second millennium B.C.[7]
In 1973, the government ofQatar appointed de Cardi to lead an archaeological expedition aiming to illustrate Qatar's history for its newnational museum. Her team discovered domestic tools and pottery which suggested that Qatar had traded with other regions much longer ago than previously thought.[7]
After working in Qatar, de Cardi continued to work in Oman and the United Arab Emirates. At around the age of 93 she ceased fieldwork and began to focus on writing and categorising her work.[7]
Of her fieldwork generally, de Cardi stated in 2008, "I have never had any difficulties [...] I am not a woman or a man when I am working in the Gulf or anywhere else. I am a professional and they have always accepted that."[9]
From 1949 to 1973, de Cardi served as assistant secretary, and then secretary, of the Council for British Archaeology.[4] The Council founded an annual talk, the Beatrice de Cardi Lecture, in her honour in 1976.[10][11] Later, the Council renamed its headquarters Beatrice de Cardi House.[12]
In 1973 she was awarded the OBE for services to archaeology.[13]
In 1989 de Cardi received theAl Qasimi Medal, presented to her for archaeological services to the United Arab Emirates state ofRas Al Khaimah. She was the first woman to receive the medal.[7] In 1993 she received theBurton Memorial Medal from theRoyal Asiatic Society. From 1995 de Cardi was an Honorary Fellow atUniversity College London.[14] In June 2014 sheturned 100,[15] and was awarded the Gold Medal of theSociety of Antiquaries of London "for distinguished services to archaeology".[16]
De Cardi's first fiancé died in World War II. Her second fiancé died in a riding accident in Qatar while working there with her.[4]
De Cardi died in theChelsea and Westminster Hospital on 5 July 2016 from complications from a fall that she had suffered almost six weeks earlier.[1]
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