TheBattle of Halule took place in 691 BC between theAssyrian empire and the rebelling forces of theBabylonians,Chaldeans,Persians,Medes,Elamites andAramaic tribes.^[1]

During the reign of KingSennacherib ofAssyria, Babylonia was in a constant state of revolt.Mushezib-Marduk theChaldean prince chosen asKing of Babylon led the Babylonian populace in revolt against Assyria and King Sennacherib.

Achaemenes recruited a new army to help theBabylonians against theAssyrians, under the leadership ofMushezib-Marduk. As well as theBabylonians, theAramaic tribes, theChaldeans andKing Khumban-umena III of theElamites, and all the Zagros Iranians (Persia,Anzan,Ellipi, etc.) joined in rebellion against the Assyrians. The nucleus of the army consisted of Elamite, Median and Persian charioteers, infantry, and cavalrymen.^[1]

The battle was indecisive, or at least both sides claimed the victory in their annals and all rulers remained on their thrones. However,Sennacherib captured Babylon after a 9 month siege andAshurbanipal destroyed Elam after 40 years of fighting.^[2]

Mushezib-Marduk lost his ally when the Elamite king Humban-nimena suffered a stroke later that same year, an opportunity King Sennacherib quickly seized by attacking Babylon, and eventually capturing it after a nine-month siege.Babylon was destroyed bySennacherib. ThePersians andMedes were then subjugated. There was further fighting between Elam and Assyria over the next 40 years until Elam was destroyed byAshurbanipal.

• Battles involving Assyria
• Battles involving Babylonia
• 690s BC
• 7th-century BC conflicts
• Sennacherib
• Chaldea

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