Battle of Fort Smith
Part of theAmerican Civil War
Fort Smith Commissary
Date July 31, 1864 (1864-07-31) Location Sebastian County, Arkansas 35°23′11.7″N94°25′57.6″W / 35.386583°N 94.432667°W /35.386583; -94.432667 Result Union victory
Belligerents
United States (Union)	Confederate States
Commanders and leaders
John M. Thayer	Douglas H. Cooper
Units involved
District of the Frontier	District of theIndian Territory
Strength
3 brigades	2 brigades
Casualties and losses
4 killed 6 wounded 11 captured	2 killed 4 wounded

TheBattle of Fort Smith was fought on July 31, 1864, inSebastian County, Arkansas, during theAmerican Civil War.

In the wake of the failedCamden Expedition, areas ofArkansas lay prone to cavalryraids againstUnion outposts.^[1] One such raid occurred atMassard Prairie on July 27, 1864 whereConfederate forces under Brigadier-GeneralRichard M. Gano won a victory, encouraging furtherengagement.^[2]

• District of the Frontier – Brig. Gen.John M. Thayer
  • 1st Brigade – Col.John Edwards
  • 2nd Brigade – Col.James M. Williams
  • 3rd Brigade – Col. William R. Judson

• District of the Indian Territory – BGDouglas H. Cooper
  • 5th Texas Cavalry Brigade – Brig. Gen. Richard M. Gano
  • 1st Indian Brigade – Brig. Gen.Stand Watie

Several days later Gano's superior, Brigadier-General Douglas H. Cooper, led a Confederate division several miles north toFort Smith. Cooper's force consisted of Gano's brigade and Watie's brigade. Gano took position along the Indian Territory side of thePoteau River while Watie moved up from the south on the Arkansas side. Brigadier-General John M. Thayer commanded the town's defenses with three brigades. Watie's men made first contact with the 6th Kansas Cavalry of Colonel William R. Judson's brigade. Judson's men fell back from Fort No. 2 along the Texas Road, alerting the rest of the Union garrison of the Confederate arrival.^[3] Cooper's men began to shell the fort. Thayer responded by sending forward units from Williams' brigade, including the 6th Kansas Colored Infantry and two howitzers from the 2nd Kansas Battery. The Union artillery proved superior and soon drove off the Confederates.^[3] Cooper ordered a withdrawal, leaving snipers behind to cover the retreat.^[4]

Cooper took with him approximately $130,000 worth of Union arms and supplies.^[4] Thayer maintained control of Fort Smith for the duration of the war. Fort Smith is preserved withinFort Smith National Historic Site.

• List of American Civil War battles
• Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1864

• Grear, Charles David (2001). "Chapter IV: The Demonstrations on Fort Smith".Gano's Brigade: A History of the Fifth Texas Cavalry Brigade, 1863-1864 (MA thesis).Texas Tech University. pp. 62–86.hdl:2346/16847.

• Battle of Fort Smith atFort Smith National Historic Site
• Fort No. 2 Rifle Pits atDivision of Arkansas Heritage

• 1864 in Arkansas
• July 1864
• Battles of the American Civil War in Arkansas
• Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
• Cavalry raids of the American Civil War
• Conflicts in 1864
• Sebastian County, Arkansas
• Union victories of the American Civil War

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