| Battle of Colson's Mill | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theAmerican Revolutionary War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Patriot militia |  Loyalist militia | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| William Lee Davidson | Samuel Bryan | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 250 militia | 400 militia | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 2 wounded | 3 killed 4–5 wounded 10 captured | ||||||
 | |||||||
TheBattle of Colson's Mill was a battle of theAmerican Revolutionary War that took place inNorth Carolina on July 21, 1780. APatriot militia underWilliam Lee Davidson scattered a gathering ofLoyalists at Colson's Mill, near the junction of theRocky andPee Dee Rivers in present-dayStanly County, North Carolina.[1][2]
Following the Britishdefeat at Ramsour's Mill, where he arrived with over 1,200 men after the battle on June 20, 1780, GeneralGriffith Rutherford of theSalisbury District Brigade set about chasing down refugees from the battle that were trying to regroup with British troops elsewhere. While he met with some success, expiring enlistments and furloughs rapidly reduced his army's size to about 200. On June 22, he learned that a group of several hundredLoyalists had been recruited by ColonelSamuel Bryan about 75 miles (121 km) to the northeast, near theYadkin River. Rutherford set off in pursuit, putting out a call for men. By the time he was within 15 miles (24 km) of Bryan's position his force had grown back to 600 men.
Bryan anticipated Rutherford's approach, and began to withdraw down the east side of the Yadkin River with the goal of joining with British regulars on thePee Dee River. Rutherford gave chase, but his attempts to cut Bryan's retreat off failed. AtSalisbury he detached ColonelWilliam Lee Davidson and a picked force to ride down the west side of the Yadkin in case Bryan tried to cross over. However, this design was frustrated when Bryan, marching day and night, reached the British force.
Two days into the chase, Davidson learned that several hundred Loyalists had gathered near Colson's Mill, not far from the junction of theRocky and Pee Dee Rivers.
Moving rapidly in order to gain the element of surprise, Davidson and his force attempted to surround the farm on which the Loyalists were gathering. However, his front was discovered shortly before the flanking men were in place, and fire commenced. Davidson, the only man in uniform, was targeted by Loyalist marksmen, and was severely injured by a bullet to the gut. However, his men did not falter when he went down, whenCol. Francis Locke took command and they dispersed the Loyalist troop, killing three, wounding several more, and taking ten prisoners. The escape of the Loyalists was helped by their familiarity with the local terrain.[3]
One other of Davidson's men was also wounded in the action. Davidson spent two months recovering from his wounds, and continued to serve afterward. He was eventually killed in theBattle of Cowan's Ford in February 1781. The victory at Colson's Mill, in combination with the victory atRamsour's Mill the previous month, seriously dampened active Tory support for the British as they moved further into the Carolinas; and Lord Cornwallis possibly lost 3,000 auxiliary Tory troops at a key moment in the Southern Campaign.