 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Battle of Abu Ghraib" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(January 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Battle of Abu Ghraib | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theIraqi insurgency | |||||||
 Damage done to theAbu Ghraib prison during the 2 April 2005 attack. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 United States | |||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Ammar Hamza Zubaidi[2][3] | |||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 44+ wounded[1][3][4] | 70 killed (US estimate) | ||||||
TheBattle of Abu Ghraib took place betweenIraqi Mujahideen andUnited States forces atAbu Ghraib prison on April 2, 2005.
Mujahideen linked toAl-Qaeda in Iraq launched a surprise attack on the American section of Abu Ghraib prison, known as Camp Redemption, by firing heavymortars androckets at the facility, and then assaulting withsmall arms,grenades, and vehicle-borneimprovised explosive devices.[4] The attack was successfully repelled by the US forces after 40 minutes of fighting, resulting in 44wounded in action and an estimated 70 insurgents killed.
Abu Ghraib prison was a notoriousmaximum-security prison located inAbu Ghraib,Iraq, 32 kilometers (20 mi) west ofBaghdad, known for its use bySaddam Hussein to holdpolitical prisoners who were subject totorture andextrajudicial killing. It was closed by Saddam in 2002, but following his overthrow in theInvasion of Iraq a section of the prison was reopened by theUnited States, which became aninternment camp known as Camp Redemption. Despite Abu Ghraib prison being a fortified stronghold for US forces in the Baghdad area, the scandal made it a prime target forIraqi insurgents.[citation needed]
By the later half of 2004, violence in Iraq was at a low point, and one of the main insurgent groups making attacks,Al-Qaeda in Iraq, was primarily attacking withsuicide bombers andcar bombs.[3] An internet posting byAbu Musab al-Zarqawi in December 2004 stated that Abu Ghraib prison was a target for attack.[2]
At approximately 7:06 p.m. (UTC+3) on April 2, 2005, a large group of insurgents launched an attack on Camp Redemption, with initial thrust of the attack consisting of multiple rockets and mortars aimed at every area of the US facility.[5] The barrage was quickly followed by a vehicle-borneimprovised explosive device (VBIED) attacking the northwest section of the outer wallperimeter, but detonated approximately 100 meters from the wall, and was unsuccessful in creating a breach. Observers noted the attack was well-organized and professional and, due to the broad-daylight preparations, it was also called audacious and brazen.[4][2] The attack surprised the US forces as this was the first time that Al-Qaeda in Iraq had directly assaulted the US military, and soldiers present stated that the insurgents had so much firepower that it seemed that over 300 people were attacking.[3][5]
TheUS Marine Corps' Echo Battery[6]2nd Battalion, 10th Marines, stationed at Abu Ghraib was tasked with perimeterdefense of Camp Redemption, engaging the insurgents from the outer wall defensive platforms and managing to slow the momentum of the assault. The main effort of the attack was directed at Tower 4, an outerwatchtower located at the southeast corner of the facility, and was subjected to a concerted push by the insurgents.[citation needed] The Marines in the tower received heavysmall arms fire and multiplerocket propelled grenades, and several were wounded whenhand grenades were thrown from the base of the tower. Two soldiers positioned themselves at the only place the insurgents could enter the tower byrappelling down the wall. Ammunition for the.50 calmachine gun in Tower 4 ran so low that its operators were given orders to fixbayonets in preparation for possiblehand-to-hand fighting if insurgents breached into the tower.[citation needed] The Marines evacuated their wounded, including a severely woundedUS NavyCorpsman, reinforcing the tower and holding back the insurgents.[5] Meanwhile, a second smaller attack on the other side of the base was used as a feint to distract from the main attack.[3] The prison's defenders were reinforced by the119th Field Artillery Regiment[citation needed] of theMichigan Army National Guard, the 623rd Field Artillery Regiment of theKentucky Army National Guard, the 524th Military Intelligence Battalion, the111th Field Artillery of theVirginia National Guard, 306th Military Police Battalion, theUnited States Army Reserve, the 732nd Expeditionary Security Forces Squadron of theUS Air Force, and the115th Combat Support Hospital. These soldiers resuppliedammunition, evacuated casualties, resupplied water to entrenched soldiers, and held various defensive positions throughout the base.
During the assault, US units patrolling the area surrounding Abu Ghraib prison were also under attack, includingM1A1 Abrams tanks from Charlie Company of theLouisiana National Guard's 1st Battalion, 156th Armor Regiment. Two tanks, C-24 and C-22, were diverted from supporting the prison by a fake improvised explosive device (IED) set on a checkpoint by insurgents. Once the tanks received confirmation that Abu Ghraib prison and the surrounding area was under attack, C-24 and C-22 moved to support the prison, but were engaged by numerous IEDS and rocket propelled grenades. Supporting tankplatoons in nearby sectors were hit by VBIEDs and disabled during their push to support C-22 and C-24. None of the Charlie Company tanks were cleared to use their 120mm main guns during the fight, but both engaged targets with .50 cal and7.62machine guns.
Inside the detention facility, the 306th Military Police Battalion scrambled to maintain effective security and control over the 3,000 detainees housed in Camp Redemption.[5] Approximately 150 detainees breached one of the compound fence lines, but were successfully contained by a soldier who was then joined by members of theInitial Reaction Force (IRF) within 5 minutes.
The heaviest fighting occurred for a period of two and a half hours until approximately 9:45 p.m, when the insurgents were eventually suppressed and forced to retreat by the arrival of twoUS ArmyAH-64 Apache attack helicopters.[3] A small number of lighter attacks occurred during the night were repelled, and the following day a third VBIED disguised as a farmtractor detonated near the walls and two final firefights ensued. TheIraqi National Police discovered that two dead bodies of insurgents were rigged with 120 mm mortar cartridges, and evacuated US personnel from the area. Investigators found more than 100 mortars and rockets and tens of thousands of rounds of ammunition were fired at Camp Redemption by the insurgents. Three tents for detainees were destroyed when rioters set them ablaze with tent poles wrapped in burning rags, but damage to the facility was minor.[5]
No US personnel were reported killed in the battle, but approximately 44 werewounded in action during the fighting, with several seriously injured enough to be helicoptered out of Abu Ghraib by the 128th Medical Company attached to the 115th Field Hospital. 12 prisoners were also wounded.[7] The US estimated 70 insurgents were believed to have been killed in the battle. The remains of a VBIED driver were recovered inside the prison walls, and other remains away from the prison were confirmed by the tankers that were hit by VBIEDs as well.[8]
Several soldiers involved received medals for valor during the attack, including five members of the 102nd Field Artillery.[9] Command Sergeant Major Michael Donohue, 306th MP BN, was awarded anArmy Commendation Medal with a "V" device for valor. Specialist McClellan of the Virginia National Guard, the soldier who contained the prison break, was later awarded the Army Commendation Medal with a "V" device.
Al-Qaeda in Iraq claimed responsibility for the attack, stating that their motivation was the plight ofMuslims held at the prison and hoping to free one of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi's commanders detained there. They also intended to intimidate the US forces by demonstrating that no place in Iraq was safe, promising further attacks.[3][1] Al-Qaeda in Iraq publicly posted a video of the attacks and the preparations.[2] Three days after the battle, a car bomb exploded near the prison, injuring 4 Iraqi civilians.[10]
![[icon]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aWiki_letter_w_cropped.svg) | This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(June 2008) |
