The Honourable Basdeo Panday
बसदेव पाण्डे
Panday in 2008
5th Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
In office 9 November 1995 – 24 December 2001
President	Noor Hassanali A. N. R. Robinson
Preceded by	Patrick Manning
Succeeded by	Patrick Manning
Senior political offices 4th Leader of the Opposition In office 8 November 2007 – 25 February 2010 Prime Minister Patrick Manning Preceded by Kamla Persad-Bissessar Succeeded by Kamla Persad-Bissessar In office 17 December 2001 – 26 April 2006 Prime Minister Patrick Manning Preceded by Patrick Manning Succeeded by Kamla Persad-Bissessar In office 10 September 1990 – 9 November 1995 Prime Minister A. N. R. Robinson Patrick Manning Preceded by Patrick Manning Succeeded by Patrick Manning In office 24 September 1976 – 18 December 1986 Prime Minister Eric Williams George Chambers Preceded by Raffique Shah Succeeded by Patrick Manning In office 19 June 1976 – 9 August 1977 Prime Minister Eric Williams Preceded by John R. F. Richardson Succeeded by Raffique Shah 1st Political Leader of the United National Congress In office 10 September 2006 – 24 January 2010 Preceded by Winston Dookeran Succeeded by Kamla Persad-Bissessar In office 16 October 1988 – 2 October 2005 Preceded by Position established Succeeded by Winston Dookeran
Ministerial offices Minister of Foreign Affairs In office 12 January 1987 – 8 February 1988 Prime Minister A. N. R. Robinson Preceded by Errol Mahabir Succeeded by Sahadeo Basdeo Minister of National Security In office 25 January 2001 – 24 December 2001 Prime Minister Basdeo Panday Preceded by Joseph Theodore Succeeded by Howard Chin Lee
Parliamentary offices Member of Parliament forCouva North In office 13 September 1976 – 24 May 2010 Preceded by Constituency Created Succeeded by Ramona Ramdial Member of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago In office 15 Sep 1972 – 19 Jun 1976
Personal details
Born	(1933-05-25)25 May 1933 Coonook, St. Julien,Princes Town, Trinidad and Tobago
Died	1 January 2024(2024-01-01) (aged 90) Jacksonville,Florida, U.S.
Political party	United National Congress (from 1989; nominally) Patriotic Front (from 2020)
Other political affiliations	CLUB '88 (1988–1989) National Alliance for Reconstruction (1986–1988) United Labour Front (1975–1986) Workers and Farmers Party (1965–1966) Democratic Labour Party (1957–1965; 1966–1976)
Spouse(s)	Norma Mohammed (died 1981) Oma Ramkissoon
Children	4, includingMickela
Relatives	Subhas Panday (brother) Sam Boodram (brother-in-law)
Education	Presentation College, San Fernando
Alma mater	University of London (BS) Inns of Court School of Law Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Occupation	Politician lawyer actor economist
Awards	Pravasi Bharatiya Samman (2005)
Nickname	The Silver Fox[1]

Basdeo Panday (pronounced[bɑːsəd̪eːoːpɑːⁿɖeː]; 25 May 1933 – 1 January 2024) was aTrinidadian statesman, lawyer, politician, trade unionist, economist, and actor, who served as the fifthprime minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1995 to 2001. He was the firstIndo-Trinidadian, along with being the firstHindu, to hold the office of prime minister.^[2][3]

Panday was first elected toParliament in 1976 as theMember forCouva North, Panday served asLeader of the Opposition four times between 1976 and 2010 and was a founding member of theUnited Labour Front (ULF), theNational Alliance for Reconstruction (NAR), and theUnited National Congress (UNC). He served as leader of the ULF and UNC, and was President General of theAll Trinidad Sugar and General Workers' Trade Union from 1973 to 1995.

He was the chairman and party leader of the United National Congress. In 2006, Panday wasconvicted of failing to declare a bank account in London and imprisoned; however, on 20 March 2007, that conviction was quashed by the Court of Appeal. On 1 May he decided to resign as chairman of the United National Congress, but the party's executive refused to accept his resignation. He lost the party's internal elections on 24 January 2010, to deputy leader and future prime ministerKamla Persad-Bissessar.

In 2005, he was awarded thePravasi Bharatiya Samman by theMinistry of Overseas Indian Affairs.

Basdeo Panday was born on 25 May 1933, in the neighborhood of Coonook in St. Julien Village,Princes Town,Trinidad and Tobago into anIndo-Trinidadian family to Kissoondaye and Harry "Chote" Sookchand Panday.^[4][5][6] He was the oldest of five children born to his parents and, through his father, he had two elder half-sisters and one younger half-sister.^[7] His parents and grandparents were immigrants fromBritish India who immigrated to Trinidad as indentured labourers under theIndian indenture system.^[8] His maternal grandparents were from Lakhmanpur, a farming village of theAzamgarh district in theBhojpur region of the present-day state ofUttar Pradesh in theHindi Belt ofNorth India, which he visited on a state trip to India in 1997 and met with extended members of his family and donatedINR₹1.5 million to help develop the village.^{[9][10][11][12][13]} He attended New Grant Government School andSt. Julien Presbyterian School.^[14] He was later enrolled inPresentation College, San Fernando with help from his father's uncle Joseph Hardath Dube.^[15] He later worked as a sugarcane weigher at the Williamsville Estate near Princes Town for onecrop season in 1951. He then worked as a primary school teacher at Seereram Memorial Vedic School in Montrose,Chaguanas, and at St. Clement Vedic School at the St. Clement Junction in St. Madeleine. He was also acivil servant at theSan Fernando Magistrate's Court where he took notes for Magistrate Churchill Johnson, Magistrate Errol Roopnarine, and MagistrateNoor Mohamed Hassanali, who would go on to be thePresident of Trinidad and Tobago during Panday's term as prime minister.^[6]

In 1957, Panday left Trinidad and Tobago to go to the United Kingdom to further his education. He obtained a diploma in drama from theRoyal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1960 and a degree in law in 1962 fromInns of Court School of Law where he was a member ofLincoln's Inn and was subsequently called to the bar. He also received aBachelor of Science from theUniversity of London as anexternal student in 1965, majoring in economics and minoring in political science. While in the United Kingdom, Panday worked as a laborer on a building site, a clerk at theLondon County Council, and an electrician to support himself through university. He also appeared in several acting roles, includingNine Hours to Rama (1963),The Winston Affair (1964), andThe Brigand of Kandahar (1965).^[16][17] In 1965, he was awarded a Commonwealth scholarship to go to theDelhi School of Economics in India to pursue a post-graduate degree in economics and political science; however, he turned down the offer and returned to Trinidad and Tobago in 1965 to practice law because of family commitments and the changing political situation in the newly independent Trinidad and Tobago.^[6][18]

Panday's political career began in 1965, when he joined theWorkers and Farmers Party and made an unsuccessful run forParliament.^[4][18] In 1972, he was appointed as an oppositionsenator for theDemocratic Labour Party.^[18][19] The following year he was recruited to theAll Trinidad Sugar Estates and Factory Workers Union. He staged an internal coup, becoming the union's President General and under him the union expanded to workers from a variety of industries and became theAll Trinidad Sugar and General Workers' Trade Union.^[20]

On 8 February 1975, amidst the backdrop of labour struggles, Panday met with fellow union leaders George Weekes andRaffique Shah. Together, they founded theUnited Labour Front.^[21] All three were arrested on 18 March during an attempted march from San Fernando toPort of Spain, but were found not guilty on 22 April "on the charge of leading a public march without permission".^[22]

Panday won the Couva North seat in the1976 general election, becoming anMP and official opposition leader.^[18][23] The next year the party split into two factions and Panday was ousted as party leader in favour of Shah.^[20][21] He was reinstated in 1978 after Winston Nanan, who previously supported Shah, defected to Panday and Shah resigned.^[21][24]

Following a poor performance in the 1980 local elections, Panday co-founded the Trinidad and Tobago National Alliance withA. N. R. Robinson of theDemocratic Action Congress andLloyd Best of theTapia House Group.^[20][25] He retained his seat in the1981 general election.^[26]

In 1984 the National Alliance became theNational Alliance for Reconstruction (NAR) and in 1985 merged with theOrganisation for National Reconstruction.^[27] They won a decisive victory in1986.^[28][29] Panday was named Minister of External Affairs and International Trade.^[4] The party soon fractured along racial lines; Panday accused Robinson and the government of discrimination against Indians and autocratic rule. Robinson reshuffled his cabinet in response, and Panday found himself with reduced ministerial responsibilities. The infighting continued, culminating with Panday, Kelvin Ramnath, and Trevor Sudama being expelled from the party on 8 February 1988.^[18][30][31]

Panday and the other expelled ministers founded the Caucus for Love, Unity and Brotherhood (CLUB '88), which he revealed in October would become the United National Congress (UNC) on 30 April 1989.^[27][31][32] Economic decline, austerity, racial tensions and, above all, the failed but impactful 1990 coup attempt led to the NAR being swept out of power in the1991 general election and the UNC, led by Panday, becoming official opposition.^[30][33]

The1995 general election was a defining moment in Panday's career. The ruling PNM party called an early vote, expecting a victory. However, the election ended with the PNM and UNC holding 17 seats each, and the NAR holding 2. The UNC and NAR entered a coalition, thereby bringing the UNC into power and making Panday the first Hindu and Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago.^[34][35] In 1995 Panday was charged with five counts of sexual indecency related to a harassment case brought by a former female supporter, however he was freed less than two weeks after the 1995 election in what was seen as a politically motivated charge.^[36]

Panday once again led the UNC to victory in the2000 election, being sworn in as prime minister for a second time.^[37] In 2001, UNC MPsRamesh Maharaj, Trevor Sudama, andRalph Maraj alleged government corruption, pressuring Panday to appoint a Commission of Inquiry; Panday responded by firing Maharaj. Sudama and Maraj then resigned, leaving the UNC with a minority. Panday was thus forced to call a new election.The 2001 general election resulted in an unprecedented 18–18 tie between the UNC and PNM, sparking a constitutional crisis over who should form government.^{[24][38][39][40][41]} Both parties agreed to abide by the decision of the president, A.N.R. Robinson, as to who would lead the government, as well as to form a unity government.^{[citation needed]} However, Panday reneged on the agreement^{[citation needed]} when Robinson appointed PNM leaderPatrick Manning, finding his explanation for doing so (Manning's "moral and spiritual values")^[42] unsatisfactory. Panday also argued that Robinson did not act in accordance with the constitution by choosing Manning, as he did not hold the majority in parliament.^[38][43] He refused to accept the position of Leader of the Opposition in protest.^[34]

Parliament was dissolved and new elections were called in 2002 after it was unable to elect a Speaker.^[41]This time the PNM were brought back into power with the UNC playing opposition.^[44] Panday's third term as Leader of the Opposition would last until 2006, when he was convicted of failing to declare a bank account in London.^[45]

Secret investigations into Panday began after the 2001 election, when the Central Authority and the Anti Corruption Bureau was set up by the PNM. On 18 September 2002, Panday was charged under section 27(1)(b) of the Integrity in Public Life Act No. 8 of 1987 for failing to declare the contents of a bank account in London for the years 1997, 1998 and 1999. During the investigation, he had first stated that the funds in the account were for his children's education and that his name was added to the account to prevent problems should something happen to his wife. He did not consider the funds his own, and thus did not declare them. However, after receiving further information from the bank, he stated that the account had been opened jointly with his wife to deposit money for his open heart surgery. After his wife transferred the account to another branch she maintained and administered it, and his name remained on it out of convenience.^[46][47] Panday blamed it on the PNM for trying to derail him weeks before the 2002 general election was to be held.^[36]

On 31 May 2005, Panday, his wife, Oma, former UNC MP Carlos John, and businessman Ishwar Galbaransingh (chairman of Northern Construction Limited) were arrested on corruption charges. The State alleged that the Pandays had received TT$250,000 on 30 December 1998, from John and Galbaransingh in exchange for giving Northern Construction a construction contract for thePiarco Airport Development Project (PADP).^[48] Panday, Oma Panday and John were placed on TT$750,000 bail, while Galbaransingh's bail was placed at TT$1,000,000. Panday refused bail and chose to remain in prison.^[48] This was called a punitive bail both by supporters of the UNC and by formerAttorney General Ramesh Maharaj, a sometimes political opponent of Panday.^{[citation needed]} On 7 June 2005, bail was reduced to TT$650,000. A day later, Panday accepted bail after being jailed for over a week. Charges were later dropped in 2012.^[49]

In September 2005, during the UNC internal elections, Panday nominatedWinston Dookeran as his successor as party leader. He himself retained the position of chairman.^[50] The following month,Jack Warner called for Panday to hand over the position of Leader of the Opposition to Dookeran as well.^[51][52] Panday failed to do so, and with the Opposition MPs split 8–8 on the issue, Panday remained as the leader of the Opposition.^{[citation needed]}

In October, Panday also invited Ramesh Maharaj back into the UNC.^[51] In February 2006, Panday fired senator Robin Montano, who opposed Maharaj's return to the party.^[53] Three days later senator Roy Augustus resigned.^[51] He replaced Montano with Tim Gopeesingh, and Augustus with former Olympic athleteAto Boldon.^[54][55]

On 24 April 2006, Panday was found guilty on all three counts he was charged with back in 2002, and sentenced to two years with hard labour and a TT$20,000 fine. He was also denied bail, and ordered to pay the sum in the account "for each year he was charged for not making the declaration".^[56] He appealed the decision. Following his 2006 conviction, Panday's position as Leader of the Opposition was revoked. He was replaced by Kamla Persad-Bissessar.^[51]

On 3 January 2007, Panday was reinstated as leader of the UNC.^[57] On 20 March 2007, the Court of Appeal overturned the conviction against Panday, based on the possibility that he may not have received a fair trial.^[58] A new trial under a different magistrate was ordered.^[59] The three Court of Appeal judges agreed that there was, in fact, a real possibility of bias by the Chief Magistrate in his ruling.^[60] Information that surfaced later on, linked Chief Magistrate McNicolls to a multimillion-dollar land deal and a company associated with one of the main witnesses in the Basdeo Panday trial.^[61] This information, along with the fact that Chief Magistrate McNicolls refused to give evidence for the criminal prosecution of the Chief Justice Satnarine Sharma, who he claimed tried to influence him to rule in Panday's favor, which caused that prosecution to fail, were the main arguments used by Panday's lawyers in his Appeal Court hearing.

From early 2009 Basdeo Panday was challenged for the leadership of the party by a small coalition of Opposition MPs led by the party's deputy political leader, Warner and Maharaj.^[62]

On 24 January 2010, Panday lost his bid to be elected Political Leader of the UNC once again. He suffered a defeat at the hands of new Political Leader Kamla Persad-Bissessar.^[63] He did not contest the post of chairman hence he no longer sits on the executive of the United National Congress.^[64] On 25 February 2010 PresidentGeorge Maxwell Richards revoked the appointment of Panday as Leader of the Opposition and replaced him with Persad-Bissessar after the majority of Opposition MPs indicated their support for her.^{[citation needed]} Panday did not participate in the general elections held on 24 May 2010 and hence his term as a Member of Parliament ended.^{[citation needed]}

On 26 June 2012, Panday was finally acquitted of all charges. The magistrate stated that he had not been given due process.^[65] However, in September 2012, the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) was given leave to challenge the decision.^[66] On 7 October 2014, the DPP withdrew the application to review the decision. The presiding Justice stated that Panday would've "face hardships and prejudice" if prosecution continued, which it did not.^[67] Also in 2012, charges for the Piarco Airport scandal were dropped.^[49]

On 25 May 2019 (Panday's birthday), his daughter Mickela, after leaving the UNC, formed a new political party called thePatriotic Front. Panday, being estranged from the UNC, became associated with the Patriotic Front and in 2020, a year after, on his birthday and first anniversary of the party, he said he would support his daughter's party in the2020 Trinidad and Tobago general election and he even expressed interest in returning to politics given the situation of the country and said that he could no not sit by idly and watch the country continue on its current path.^[68] In June 2020 Mickela Panday announced that her father was the campaign manager of the Patriotic Front.^[69][70] The party however pulled out of the 2020 general elections, saying that they had no time to mobilize themselves.^[71]

The election of the first Indo-Trinidadian prime minister was seen as the moment in which Indians "arrived" in Trinidad.^[72][73] Panday took the opportunity to correct perceived wrongs against the Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian community.^[73][74]

Shortly after beginning his first term as prime minister, Panday granted theShouter Baptists anational holiday.^[75] His political sponsorship contributed to the legitimization of the religion in the public's eye.^[76] He also decreed thatIndian Arrival Day would forever be named as such, rather than simply "Arrival Day" after 1996.^[77] He was well known for hisreligious pluralism and often quoted from the scriptures of the different religions in Trinidad and Tobago.^[78]

Panday was the subject of several critical and racist calypsos during his first year office, such as Cro Cro'sAllyuh Look for Dat and Watchman'sMr. Panday Needs His Glasses.^[79][80] Panday struck back in 1997 by warning of guidelines for state-sponsored competitions to prevent "taxpayers money [being] used to divide the society, whether it be on racial or any other grounds".^[81]

In addition to speaking English, Panday studiedHindi and he gave speeches at the Hindi FoundationTT on the importance of the language in Trinidad and Tobago.^[82] Panday was widely associated with theTrinidadian Hindustani wordneemakharam (ingrate),^[83][84] and popularized the term outside of the Indo-Trinidadian community.^[85] He used the word to describe his political opponents, includingWinston Dookeran, Trevor Sudama,Kamla Persad-Bissessar,Ramesh Maharaj, and other rival UNC members.^[86][87]

Panday feuded with the media several times during his political career. In 1996 theTrinidad Guardian ran a front page featuring a photo of him with a drink and the headline "Chutney Rising".^[88] An incensed Panday ordered a boycott of the paper, refusing to allow their reporters access to government information. He accused editor-in-chief Jones P. Madiera of being a racist and called on his resignation. Ultimately, managing editor Alwin Chow, Madiera, and several other staff members left theGuardian and went on to form a new newspaper,The Independent.^[89][90]

Panday reiterated his dissatisfaction with the press with his refusal to sign the Declaration of Chapultepec, a 1994 document affirming freedom of the press. In 1998 he stated he would not endorse the declaration "until it repudiated the "untrammelled right of the press to publish anything it wants"".^[91]

Basdeo Panday was married to Oma Panday (née Ramkissoon). He had four daughters: Niala,Mickela, Nicola, and Vastala. Niala was born to his first wife Norma Panday (née Mohammed), who died in 1981.^[92] His brother was fellow attorney and politicianSubhas Panday. Panday served as the Chief Administrator of the Basdeo Panday Foundation, a charitable organization. In November 2019, Panday was bestowed anhonoraryDoctor of Laws degree from theUniversity of Trinidad and Tobago.^[93] His religion wasHinduism.^[2][74] His brother-in-law was the lateIndian classical- andchutney-singerSam Boodram who was married to Panday's sister Cynthia Panday.^[94] The Indian classical singer Dev Bansraj Ramkissoon was also his brother-in-law and the singer and musician Sonny Ramkissoon was his father-in-law (his wife's brother and father, respectively).^[95] Panday had a dog named Norman who was a stray that he took in.^[96] During theCOVID-19 pandemic videos that Panday's daughter, Mickela, posted of him gardening and playing with his dog Norman went viral on social media and he was lauded by the news as setting an example by following the mandate to stay home to help combat the spread of the virus.^[96][97][98]

Basdeo Panday died on 1 January 2024 inJacksonville, Florida at the age of 90 surrounded by his family after being hospitalized for a few weeks.^[99] His death was announced on social media by his daughterMickela Panday.^[100] According to his brother,Subhas Panday, his cause of death waspneumonia.^[101] His last wish was for a piece of land that he inherited from his grandmother in his hometown of St. Julien to be developed into a home for battered women and orphans.^[102] His body was flown back to Trinidad and Tobago for astate funeral. His bodylied in state at the rotunda of theRed House from 5 January with a condolence book for guest to sign. Several government official and dignitaries paid their tribute.^[103] His final rites were done perHindu customs and was the first Hindu state funeral in Trinidad and Tobago. On 9 January, his funeral procession began at his residence in Bryan's Gate, Phillipine where the religious aspect of the funeral was conducted, then it proceeded to the Southern Academy for the Performing Arts (SAPA) inSan Fernando where speeches and eulogies were read from the President of Trinidad and Tobago, leaders of various faiths, and members of his family and friends, andarti and garlanding was done. Attendees included thePresident of Trinidad and TobagoChristine Kangaloo, thePrime MinisterKeith Rowley,Chief JusticeIvor Archie, andLeader of the OppositionKamla Persad-Bissessar.^[104] His brother-in-law and Indian classical singer Dev Bansraj Ramkissoon, Rana Mohip, and soca artisteKees Dieffenthaller sang at his funeral. Finally the procession proceeded to the Shore of Peace Cremation Site at Mosquito Creek,South Oropouche where the cremation andgun salute took place. Hundreds of mourners lined the road to the cremation site.^[105]

Numerous memorial services were held for him across the country by various institutions and people such as his alma materPresentation College, San Fernando, theSanatan Dharma Maha Sabha, andRoodal Moonilal who, due to Panday's love forIndian classical music, held an Indian classical singing concert inDebe in honor of Panday with tributes from numerous artistes such asRakesh Yankaran, Dubraj Persad, and Rooplal Girdharie.^{[106][107][108]} In light of his death, the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha renamed the Shiva Boys' SDMS Hindu College as the Shri Basdeo Panday Shiva Boys' SDMS Hindu College, to honor the nation's first Hindu prime minister.^[109] Former member of Parliament and government minister Vasant Bharath started a petition calling on the government to rename thePiarco International Airport after Panday, in light of all he did towards its development.^[110]

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Source(s):^[111]

Source(s):^[112]

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