The nameBarysaw is the Belarusian equivalent to the Russian nameBorisov. It may be aneponym derived from the given name Boris, possibly named after the 12th-century prince, Boris Vseslavich.[2]
Barysaw is first mentioned in theLaurentian Codex as being founded (as Borisov) in 1102 byRogvolod Vseslavich,Prince of Polotsk, who had the baptismal name ofBoris. During the next two centuries, it was burned and then rebuilt south of where it was before.
In the last years of thePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, troops were stationed here, including the2nd and4th Lithuanian Vanguard Regiments and 1st Lithuanian Infantry Regiment.[3] KingStanisław August Poniatowski established the town's coat of arms (decree #17435), the top half containing the coat of arms ofMinsk, while the lower half had two stylized towers on a silver background with a passage between them andSaint Peter above the towers holding a key in his hand.
In 1812, Barysaw became a crucial location whenNapoleon's troopscrossed the Berezina river. The French feinted a crossing at the town itself, but successfully escaped the pursuing armies by building two wooden bridges north of the city, at Studianka. This event is reenacted by military locals during town festivals. A cannon from theNapoleonic era is kept by the town's museum.
Railway station in the 19th century
In 1871, the railway betweenBrest andMoscow passed near Barysaw, and a station was built there. In 1900 the area around the station was annexed the town.
DuringWorld War I, after the fall of TsaristRussia, fights broke out for control of the city and it changed owners several times. In November 1917 the area became a part ofSoviet Russia, from early 1918 it was occupied byGermany, in December 1918 it fell to the Soviets again, from 1919 to 1920 it was controlled byPoland, before being captured by the Soviets for the third time.
The headquarters of the Soviet10th Army was based in Barysaw shortly before the Sovietinvasion of Poland at the start ofWorld War II in September 1939.[4] The 10th Army invaded towardsNowogródek andBiałystok.[4] During World War II, Barysaw was occupied byNazi Germany from 2 July 1941 to 1 July 1944,[5] and most of the city was destroyed. The Germans also operated the Dulag 126, Dulag 184, Dulag 240 and Stalag VI-Hprisoner-of-war camps in the city.[6]
AfterWorld War II, Barysaw became a major industrial centre; as of 2002 there are 41 large factories exporting their goods toRussia, theCIS, and worldwide. The railroad is still an important artery, but now it is powered by overhead electric lines.
The following industries are prominent in town: Borisov Plant of Motor-and-Tractor Electric Machinery, Borisov Plant Avtogydrousilitel, Borisov Aggregate Works, Ekran Company, Dzerzhynski Crystal Works, Borisov Plastics Plant, the 140th Repair Works, the 2566th Plant on Radioelectronics Equipment Maintenance, the Rezinotekhnika Company, Borisov Meat Packing Plant, Borisov Plant of Polymer Package Polimiz, the Belarusian-German joint venture Frebor, the Lesokhimik Company, the Metallist Company, the Paper Factory of the state emblem department under the Finance Ministry of the Republic of Belarus, the Borisovdrev Company, the Borisovkhlebprom Company, Borisov Bakery, Borisov Sewing Factory, the Shveinik Company, Kischenko Crafts Factory, Borisov Dairy, Borisov Tinned Plant, others. The total industrial staff reaches 31,019 people.[10]
The largest factories, in no particular order, are:
The town is divided by the river into old and new parts connected by two bridges. The railway station, international road, Ispolkom (ex-KPSS Gorispolkom),military staff headquarters and the central square are in the new part. As usual for this region, families live mostly in flats in large, modern apartment buildings, but there are some single-family homes on the outskirts, some of which do not yet have indoor plumbing. The water comes from an artesian well and is very clean and healthy.
President of the Republic of BelarusAleksandr Lukashenko on 9 January 2009 assigned Vladimir Miranovich to the position of Head of Regional Administration.[11]
Main sport sites: 2 stadiums, 3 swimming pools, 14 shooting galleries, and 8 sports-grounds.
The city has its own football team,BATE Borisov. The team won theBelarusian Premier League 15 times, and competed in theUEFA Cup andUEFA Champions League. There is also a famous basketball team Berezina-RCOR. European basketball championship for women (division B) was organized in Barysaw.
Borisovskiye Novosti newspaper: privately owned independent media on both languages. A recent scandal related to an attempt by the Mayor to stop distribution of the paper, recently overturned by a court[12]
^Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925).Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. pp. 14, 33.
^abGrzelak, Czesław (1992). "Agresja Zwiazku Sowieckiego na Polskę we wrześniu 1939 r.". In Tarczyński, Marek (ed.).Zbrodnia Katyńska. Droga do prawdy (in Polish). Warszawa: Niezależny Komitet Historyczny Badania Zbrodni Katyńskiej, Departament Prokuratury Ministerstwa Sprawiedliwości, Towarzystwo Naukowe Kryminalistyczne, Wojskowy Instytut Historyczny. p. 34.
^Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 79, 102, 115, 437.ISBN978-0-253-06089-1.
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