| Baru Barat River | |
|---|---|
 Kali Baru Barat ("K. Baru Brt"), bottom left in the map of rivers and canals of Jakarta (2012) | |
 | |
| Native name | Kali Baru Barat (Indonesian) |
| Location | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| State | Jakarta |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Ci Sadane,West Java |
| Mouth | Banjir Kanal Barat,Ci Liwung |
TheBaru Barat River (Indonesian:Kali Baru Barat,lit. 'Western New River') is a man-made canal flowing from theCisadane River inBogor Regency toJakarta,Indonesia.[1] It was one of two canals built in the 18th century under the order of the Governor-GeneralGustaaf Willem van Imhoff, the other being theBaru Timur River (Indonesian:Kali Baru Timur,lit. 'Eastern New River'). Both canals were originally built to transport agricultural harvests fromBogor to Batavia (now Jakarta).[2] They are among the main rivers in Jakarta, and part of the Ciliwung Cisadane flood control project.[3] The Baru Barat River flows through the districts ofPancoran andTebet in South Jakarta and drains into theBanjir Kanal Barat.[4]
The nameKali Baru ('New River') is associated with a fishing harbor in theTanjung Priok area of North Jakarta. In the 1960s, a new harbor was established to replace theKali Kresek Lahoa fishing harbor which closed in 1967. The area was divided into two parts:Kalibaru Timur ('Eastern Kali Baru') andKalibaru Barat ('Western Kali Baru').[5] After the new fishing harbor was closed in 1988, the area was used for unloading lumber bound for Jakarta.[6]
In 1739, theDutch East Indies government under Governor-General Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff built theOosterslokkan (Dutch:Oosterslokkan,lit. 'Eastern Canal') for irrigation and for transporting goods inland. The canal was completed 14 years later, in 1753, but its use for transportation failed due to leaks and the high cost of building multiple water gates. The canal was used only for irrigation.[7]
In 1753, theOosterslokkan was lengthened to the eastern canal atWeltevreden (Lapangan Banteng) and joined thePrapatan Canal. These combined canals form what is now called the Baru Timur River. Due to high maintenance and repair costs, in 1776, Van Imhoff ordered the opening of another canal from theCisadane River to theCi Liwung. This new canal was named theWesterslokkan (Dutch:Westerslokkan,lit. 'Western Canal'), and is now called the Baru Barat River.[2][7]
Geographically, the Baru Barat River (the western canal) was dug from the Cisadane River, passing the Cipakancilan River, into the Minangkabau River, and discharging into the Banjir Kanal Barat. The Baru Timur River (the eastern canal) was dug fromKatulampa toMeester (Jatinegara) and receives additional water supply from the Cikeas River until[clarification needed] the Sunter River.[8]
The Baru Barat River helps irrigate rice and fruit fields in Cilebut, Citayam, Depok, Pondok Cina, Tanjung Barat, and Pondok Labu. It is no longer connected to the Ci Liwung.[7]
The Baru Barat River is grouped into the Central Area Stream Handling System of Jakarta, along with theKrukut River,Ci Liwung, andBanjir Kanal Barat. It has a total entry debit upstream of 50 m3/sec and downstream of 290 m3/sec, and an exit debit upstream of 150 m3/sec and downstream of 370 m3/sec, from about 17 tributaries.[9][10]
In 2016, the river had a width of 3 m (9.8 ft) and looked clear. The depth reached only the toes during the dry season, but up to 1 m (3.3 ft) during the rainy season.[11] The bottom and banks of the river were covered by green algae and wild bushes, giving a green tint to the river despite the transparent water.[11]
The Baru Barat River is a source of flooding in Jakarta,[12] mainly due to garbage accumulating in the river.[4] In 2015, the government made noticeable progress in cleaning the river.[11][13]
The river flows in the northwest area of Java with a predominantlytropical rainforest climate (designated asAf in theKöppen-Geiger climate classification).[14] The annual average temperature in the area is 27 °C. The warmest month is March, when the average temperature is around 30 °C, and the coldest is May, at 26 °C.[15] The average annual rainfall is 3,674 mm (144.6 in). The wettest month is December, with an average of 456 mm (18.0 in) rainfall, and the driest is September, with 87 mm (3.4 in) rainfall.[16]
6°14′05″S106°50′37″E / 6.2347°S 106.8436°E /-6.2347; 106.8436