| Barney Google and Snuffy Smith | |
|---|---|
 Bunky andBarney Google and Snuffy Smith (July 26, 1942) | |
| Author(s) | Billy DeBeck (1919–1942) Fred Lasswell (1942–2001) John R. Rose (2001–present) |
| Current status/schedule | Running |
| Launch date | June 17, 1919; 105 years ago (1919-06-17) |
| Alternate name(s) | Take Barney Google, F'rinstance Barney Google Barney Google and Spark Plug |
| Syndicate(s) | King Features Syndicate |
| Publisher(s) | Cupples & Leon,Hyperion Press,Kitchen Sink Press,IDW Publishing,Lulu.com |
| Genre(s) | Humor |
Barney Google and Snuffy Smith, originallyTake Barney Google, for Instance,[1][note 1] is an Americancomic strip created bycartoonistBilly DeBeck. Since its debut on June 17, 1919,[3] the strip has gained a large international readership, appearing in 900 newspapers in 21 countries. The initial appeal of the strip led to its adaptation to film, animation, popular song, and television. It added several terms and phrases to the English language and inspired the 1923 hit tune "Barney Google (with the Goo-Goo-Googly Eyes)"[4] with lyrics byBilly Rose, as well as the 1923 record "Come On, Spark Plug!"
Barney Google himself, once the star of the strip and a very popular character in his own right, was at one point almost entirely phased out of the feature. An increasingly peripheral player in his own strip beginning in the late 1930s, Barney was officially "written out" in 1954, although he occasionally returned for cameo appearances, often years apart. During a period between 1997 and 2012, Barney Google was not seen in the strip at all. Barney was reintroduced to the strip in 2012, and has slowly returned to being a semi-regular character.
Snuffy Smith, who was initially introduced as a supporting player in 1934, has now been the comic strip's central character for over 60 years. Nevertheless, the feature is still titledBarney Google and Snuffy Smith.
As of June 17, 2019,Barney Google has run for an entire century, making it the third-longest running and uninterrupted comics series of all time, afterRudolph Dirks'The Katzenjammer Kids andFrank O. King'sGasoline Alley. AfterGasoline Alley, it is the second-longest running newspaper comic still in syndication and producing new episodes as of 2021.[5]
LikeMutt and Jeff,Barney Google started out on the sports page. First appearing as adaily strip in the sports sections of theChicago Herald andExaminer in 1919, it was originally titledTake Barney Google, for Instance.[6][7] The title character, a little fellow (although he shrank in stature even more after the first year) with big "banjo" eyes, was an avid sportsman and ne'er-do-well involved inpoker,horse racing, andprize fights.
The "goggle-eyed, moustached, gloved and top-hatted, bulbous-nosed, cigar-chomping shrimp" (according to comics historianBill Blackbeard) was relentlessly henpecked by "a wife three times his size" (as the song lyric goes). The formidable Mrs. Lizzie Google, or "the sweet woman", sued Barney for divorce and thereafter virtually disappeared from the strip. By October 1919, the strip was distributed byKing Features Syndicate and was published in newspapers across the country.
His name might have been an inspiration for thelarge number namegoogol, which in turn inspired the company nameGoogle.[8]
Beginning on July 17, 1922, the strip took a momentous turn in popularity with the seemingly innocuous introduction of an endearing race horse named "Spark Plug". Barney's beloved "brown-eyed baby" was a bow-legged nag that seldom raced, and was typically seen almost totally covered by his trademark patched blanket with his name scrawled on the side.Peanuts creatorCharles M. Schulz was known to his friends as Sparky, a lifelong nickname given to him by his uncle as a diminutive ofBarney Google's Spark Plug. Comics historianDon Markstein noted:
Sparky's first race became one of comics' first national media events, eagerly anticipated by millions of newspaper readers. So great was the public's enthusiasm that DeBeck, who had been planning to retire the plug after that one storyline, made him a permanent part of the cast. Spark Plug was such a star during the 1920s that children who enjoyed the comics were liable to get "Sparky" for a nickname—for example, Charles M. "Sparky" Schulz, who grew up to createPeanuts.[9]
In deference to his enormous popularity during this period, the strip was retitledBarney Google and Spark Plug.[10] DeBeck's strip hit its peak of popularity with Spark Plug at about the same time the 1923 song "Barney Google", written byBilly Rose andCon Conrad, was sweeping the country. It became one of the best known, most iconicnovelty records of its era, and has been recorded by such artists asThe Happiness Boys,Eddie Cantor,The Andrews Sisters,Spike Jones, andMitch Miller:
Who's the most important man this country ever knew?
Who's the man our presidents tell all their troubles to?
No, it isn'tMr. Bryan and it isn'tMr. Hughes;
I'm mighty proud that I'm allowed a chance to introduce:
Barney Google—with the goo, goo, googly eyes,
Barney Google—bet his horse would win the prize;
When the horses ran that day,
Spark Plug ran the other way!
Barney Google—with the goo-goo-googly eyes!
Who's the greatest lover that this country ever knew?
Who's the man thatValentino takes his hat off to?
No, it isn'tDouglas Fairbanks that the ladies rave about;
When he arrives, who makes the wives chase all their husbands out?
Barney Google—with the goo-goo-googly eyes,
Barney Google—had a wife three times his size;
She sued Barney for divorce,
Now he's sleeping with his horse!
Barney Google—with the goo-goo-googly eyes!
Other popular characters and concepts introduced in the strip about this time include "Sunshine", Barney's black jockey, a troublesomeostrich named "Rudy", "Sully", a monocled champion wrestler, and the mysterious hooded fraternity "The Order of the Brotherhood of Billy Goats", a parody of mysticsecret societies. (There was also a "Sisterhood of Nanny Goats" for women.) Their password was "O-K-M-N-X" which, deciphered, stood for a standard breakfast order ("Okay, ham and eggs"). Barney was elected "Exalted Angora" in 1928.[11]
In 1934, an even greater change took place when Barney and his horse visited theNorth Carolina mountains and met a volatile, equally diminutivemoonshiner named Snuffy Smith.Hillbilly humor was popular at the time (asAl Capp was proving withLi'l Abner). The strip increasingly focused on the southernAppalachian hamlet of "Hootin' Holler", with Snuffy as the main character. The mountaineer locals are suspicious of any outsiders, referred to as "flatlanders" or even worse, "revenooers" (Federal Revenue agents).
Snuffy Smith was so popular that his name was added to the strip's title in the late 1930s, while the top-billed Barney Google became an increasingly peripheral character in what once was his own comic. Eventually, Barney Google left Hootin' Holler in 1954 to return to the city, and was essentially written out of the strip except as a very occasional visitor. Barney has appeared rarely in the feature from the mid-1950s on, but returned to Hootin' Holler for a visit in a series of strips beginning on February 19, 2012.[12] Prior to 2012, Barney had not appeared in the strip since January 5, 1997, a span of over 15 years. Nevertheless, even during Barney's long absence the strip was always officially titledBarney Google & Snuffy Smith.
Barney Google — usually with Spark Plug in tow — made occasional return trips to Hootin' Holler from 2012 to 2020, and moved back permanently to Hootin' Holler in a series of strips run in May 2021. He still appears infrequently, but is now more of an occasional supporting player (as opposed to a very occasional guest).
Also appearing again on an infrequent basis is Spark Plug, and — slightly more frequently — new cast addition "Li'l Sparky", billed as Spark Plug's grandson.
Snuffy Smith (whose last name is pronounced "Smif" by virtually all the characters in Hootin' Holler) is an ornery little cuss, sawed-off and shiftless. He lives in a shack, mangles the English language, and has a propensity to shoot at those who displease him. He makes "corn-likker" moonshine in a homemade still and is in constant trouble with the sheriff. He wears a broad-brimmed felt hat almost as tall as he is, has a scraggly mustache and a pair of tattered, poorly patched overalls. He constantly cheats at poker and checkers. He also has some proclivity toward stealing chickens, which led to a brief but effective use of his character in a marketing campaign by theTyson Foods corporation in the early 1980s. In 1937, he held the post of "Royal Doodle Bug" in the "Varmints" lodge; during this period, the strip heavily employed thecatchphrase, "What did the Doodle-Bug say?", an apparent homage to "What did the Woggle-Bug say?" inL. Frank Baum andWalt McDougall'sQueer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz strip of 1904–1905.
Almost all of the characters in the strip (except the infrequently seen Barney Google and the occasional visiting "flatlander") are exaggerated hillbillies in the classicburlesque tradition:[13] sharp-tongued gossipy women such as Snuffy's wife Loweezy; his baby Tater; his mischievous nephew Jughaid; his neighbors Elviney and Lukey[14] (Lucas Ebenezer Hinks);[15][16] the sanctimonious (but nonetheless ungrammatical) Parson; Silas, the ever-parsimonious owner of the General Store; the ostentatiously-badged Sheriff Tait, and others.[14] Vehicles are rundown jalopies of a seeming 1920s vintage, even in the 1970s and beyond. The characters are drawn so that they appear to be talking out of the sides of their mouths.
On December 24, 1920, DeBeck began a gag panel calledBughouse Fables, featuring his observations of ordinary people doing foolish things, which he signed "Barney Google". This daily panel ran until November 13, 1937. DeBeck addedBughouse Fables as an accompanyingtopper strip to run withBarney Google on Sundays, from January 17 to May 9, 1926.[17]
On May 16, 1926, DeBeck began another topper strip, originally calledParlor, Bedroom and Sink—but better known asBunky.Parlor Bedroom and Sink—which evolved intoParlor Bedroom and Sink Starring Bunky, and eventually simplyBunky—is an over-the-top parody of stagemelodramas and movie and radio serials that were popular at the time. The title character "Bunky [fr]" (short for Bunker Hill Jr.) was a hapless waif whose penniless parents, Bunker Hill Sr., and Bibsy, had given birth to the strangely erudite newborn with the enormous nose on November 13, 1927. The irresponsible Bunker Sr. eventually disappeared from the strip. From then on, pint-sized Bunky (still dressed in the baby bonnet and gown in which he was first seen) was the star, protector, and benefactor of the family. His vocabulary rivaled that of any educated adult.
Arch-nemesis Fagin, introduced in 1928, was as vile and despicable a villain as anyCharles Dickens antagonist. He "would steal pennies from a blind man's cup and kick dogs that weren't even in his way. Robbing widows and orphans ... was routine for him", according to comics historianDon Markstein, who said the strip popularized the phrase, "Youse is a viper!"[18]
Fantasy author andConan the Barbarian creatorRobert E. Howard, a big fan ofBunky, was fond of quoting from the strip, as noted by his friend,Tevis Clyde Smith.[19][20] After DeBeck's death in 1942,Bunky continued for a time underJoe Musial (The Katzenjammer Kids) andFred Lasswell. The series ended on July 18, 1948.[21]
Other toppers featured aboveBarney Google included:Who's Who (1932),Youse Is a Viper (May 15, 1932 - Aug 19, 1934),I Learnt This Trick from the Prince (Aug 12-Sept 2, 1934),Knee-Hi-Knoodles (Sept 9, 1934 - June 23, 1935),Hill-Billy Ba-Looney (Sept 15-Dec 8, 1935),What Did the Doodle Bug Say? (April 11–25, 1937) andWrite a Caption for This Cartoon (Sept 11-Oct 9, 1938).[22]
WhenBarney Google began to lose popularity during theGreat Depression, DeBeck introduced a simpler style through artist Fred Lasswell after seeing a poster by Lasswell, then in high school, at a golf tournament atPalma Ceia Country Club in Tampa, Florida.[23] Lasswell, who drew cartoons and posters at the McCarthy Ad Agency and for theTampa Daily Times, was brought in to create the Snuffy characters, which by 1934, surpassed Barney Google in popularity.[citation needed]
Lasswell took over the strip, now namedBarney Google and Snuffy Smith after DeBeck died in 1942. In 1944 and 1945, Lasswell began featuring Snuffy in guest appearances in Laswell's ownSargent Hashmark comic strip that appeared in theU.S. Marines'Leatherneck Magazine.[24] After the war, Lasswell gained steady increases in distribution, with the strip eventually appearing in more than 1,000 newspapers throughout the world.[citation needed]
In 1962, Lasswell received the Silver Lady Award, and two years later won theReuben Award and the Best Humor Strip Award from theNational Cartoonist's Society.[25] In both 1984 and 1994, he won theElzie Segar Award, being the only cartoonist who received this award more than once.[25]
Lasswell died in 2001, 16 weeks ahead on the strip, leaving a digital archive containing 35,000 original comic panels and sketches, including over 20,000 daily and 4,000 Sunday strips and about 24,000 original gags.[citation needed]
In mid-1998, editorial cartoonist John R. Rose began as Lasswell's inking assistant, and he became the strip's cartoonist after Lasswell's death. In addition to being the artist on the strip, Rose was the editorial cartoonist from 1988 to 2020 for Byrd Newspapers of Virginia, later bought by Ogden Newspapers and he createsKids' Home Newspaper, a weekly syndicated puzzle feature forCreators Syndicate. His books includeThe Bodacious Best of Snuffy Smith (2013),Balls of Fire! More Snuffy Smith Comics (2016), andSnuffy Smith In His Sunday Best (2018) andBarney Google And Snuffy Smith Turn 100! The Bodacious Digital Collection (2024) Published byKing Features[1]. Rose is credited with restoring Barney Google as a semiregular character beginning in 2012. In 2015, Rose was presented theLum and Abner Memorial Award by theNational Lum and Abner Society for his contributions to rural humor.[26] In September 2017, Rose was honored with an award at Walt Disney's Hometown Toonfest inMarceline, Missouri, for his contributions to cartooning.[27] John Rose was awarded First Place from the Tennessee Press Association in 2018 for Best Use Of Humor In An Ad for a series wildfire prevention public service newspaper ads featuring Snuffy Smith. He created these "Snuff Out Wildfires Before They Start" ads for theKnoxville News-Sentinel and the Tennessee Press Association after devastating wildfires hit eastern Tennessee.[28] In June 2019, Rose featured Barney Google in a special 100th-birthday series that lasted several weeks. Barney got lost in the funny papers trying to find Hootin' Holler and ended up visiting Dagwood, Popeye, Beetle Bailey, and more on his way to a birthday party that featured many characters fromBarney Google and Snuffy Smith who had not been seen in decades,[29] as well as tribute panels to cartoonists Billy DeBeck and Fred Lasswell.[30] In August 2021 Rose was awarded the Jack Davis Award for South East Cartoonist Of The Year by the South East Chapter Of The National Cartoonists Society.[31] Rose created a special weeklong storyline in the comic strip which began on July 17, 2022 celebrating Spark Plug's 100th birthday.[32]
DeBeck, who had a gift for coining colorful terms, is credited with introducing severalJazz Age slang words and phrases into the English language—including "sweet mama", "horsefeathers", "heebie-jeebies", "hotsy-totsy", and "Who has seen the doodle bug?" Snuffy'scatchphrases "great balls o' fire" and "time's a-wastin'" remain popular to this day.
In DeBeck's memory, theNational Cartoonists Society in 1946 introduced the Billy DeBeck Award. (Eight years later, the name was changed to theReuben Award afterRube Goldberg.) In 1963, Lasswell won both the NCS Humor Comic Strip Award and Reuben Award. That same year, he won the society's plaque for Best Humor Strip. In 1984, the society gave him itsElzie Segar Award (named after the creator ofPopeye) for outstanding contributions to his profession.
Snuffy Smith currently appears in 21 countries and 11 languages. In 1995, the strip was honored by theU.S. Postal Service; it was one of 20 included in theComic Strip Classics series of commemorative USPS postage stamps.[33]
Snuffy Smith makes a brief appearance inClifford D. Simak's novelOut of Their Minds.
Spark Plug captured the nation's hearts and imagination during the 1920s, and became a merchandising bonanza for King Features and Billy DeBeck. "Spark Plug, I am happy to say, has caught on," wrote DeBeck in 1924. "All over the United States you find stuffed Spark Plugs and Spark Plug games and Spark Plug drums and Spark Plug balloons and Spark Plug tin pails. And there is a Spark Plug play on the road. The only thing that is lacking is a Spark Plug grand opera." (Source:Barney Google and Snuffy Smith: 75 Years of an American Legend, page 35).During the mid-1950s, the Louis Marx Toy Company sold four vinyl character figures, two-and-a-half-to-three inches tall, representing Snuffy Smith, Loweezie, Jug Haid and Sut Tattersail. (Illustrated athttp://www.marxwildwest.com/cartoons%20-%20non-disney.html). In 1960, King Features made plans to have Snuffy Smith serving hot dogs and chili at Snuffy's Shantys [sic] across the country, the plan of aColumbus, Georgia, franchiser who had hoped to have 700 shanties operating by 1970.[34]
In July 2004,Dark Horse Comics issued a limited-edition figure of Barney Google in a colorful collector tin as statue number 47 in their line of Classic Comic Character figures.
In November 2021, Comics Kingdom began selling tee shirts in their online shop featuring Spark Plug's grandson, Li'l Sparky.
In July 2022, Comics Kingdom began selling tee shirts in their online shop celebrating Spark Plug's 100th birthday.
In July 2023, Comics Kingdom began selling Snuffy Smith red, white and blue trucker caps in their online shop.
Barney Google and Snuffy Smith each had a spotty history in comic books, starting with the first issue ofDavid McKay'sAce Comics (1937). They appeared in their own comics as well—three issues fromDell Comics in the 1940s, four from Toby Press in the 1950s, one fromGold Key Comics in the 1960s, and six fromCharlton Comics in the 1970s. In December, 2015,Snuffy Smith returned to comic books. John Rose wrote and illustrated the comic book story "Hopalong Jughaid" forCharlton Spotlight #9.
(All titles by Billy Debeck unless otherwise noted)
Beginning in 1928, Barney Hellum portrayed Barney Google in a series ofsilent live-action short films for F.B.O. Pictures, also featuring Philip Davis as Sunshine.
Two low-budget, live-actionB-movie features based on the strip were produced atMonogram Pictures in 1942:Private Snuffy Smith (orSnuffy Smith, Yardbird) andHillbilly Blitzkrieg. Diminutive actor Bud Duncan portrayed Snuffy in both films, withCliff Nazarro appearing as Barney inHillbilly Blitzkrieg.[9] (Both films also feature formerKeystone CopEdgar Kennedy and futureMouseketeerJimmie Dodd in supporting roles.)
Ananimated cartoonBarney Google series in the mid-1930s was produced by theCharles MintzScreen Gems Studio. Mintz made only fourBarney Google cartoons, all released theatrically throughColumbia Pictures.[36]
Spree for All (1946) is an animatedNoveltoon produced byFamous Studios, distributed throughParamount Pictures. It was produced in color, but currently only exists in a black and white print.[37]
In 1962,King Features Syndicate released 50 six-minuteSnuffy Smith cartoons for television, produced byParamount Cartoon Studios in New York. All 50 episodes are available on the, "Advantage Collection, Cartoon Mega Pack" DVD set.
The opening credits included a catchytheme song that was specifically composed for the cartoon:
Other King Features properties, such asBeetle Bailey andKrazy Kat, also appeared as rotating segments under the collective title:King Features Trilogy.[38] The series was widely shown in TVsyndication (althoughSnuffy's Song,The Hat,The Method and Maw, andTake Me to Your Gen'rul were released theatrically), with prolific voice actorPaul Frees providing the voices of both Snuffy and Barney. Ge Ge Pearson also doubled as Loweezy and Jughaid. A number of episodes feature animation by famed animator Jim Tyer.[39]
All shorts directed by Seymour Kneitel except where indicated.
1962
1963
1964
The cartoon, which ran under the nameTake Barney Google, for Instance before it was renamedBarney Google and Snuffy Smith, appeared in 21 countries and 900 newspapers.
