Barabanki district | |
|---|---|
 Nagar palika building inBarabanki | |
 Location of Barabanki district in Uttar Pradesh | |
| Coordinates (Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh):26°55′N81°12′E / 26.92°N 81.20°E /26.92; 81.20 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Division | Ayodhya |
| Headquarters | Barabanki |
| Tehsils | |
| Government | |
| • District collector | Adarsh Singh, IAS |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Barabanki (Lok Sabha constituency) |
| • Vidhan Sabha constituencies | 7 |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,891.5 km2 (1,502.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 3,260,699 |
| • Density | 837.90/km2 (2,170.2/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 330,803 |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 61.75%[1] |
| • Sex ratio | 910 |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | UP-41 |
| Major highways | NH 27,NH 28B |
| Average annual precipitation | 1050 mm |
| Website | barabanki |
Barabanki district is one of the fivedistricts ofAyodhya division in the centralAwadh region ofUttar Pradesh,India.Barabanki city is the administrative headquarters of Barabanki district. Total area of Barabanki district is 3891.5 Sq. km.[2]
It has a population of 2,673,581, with a population density of 686.50 per square kilometre (1,778.0/sq mi).
Barabanki district is situated between 27°19′ and 26°30′ north latitude, and 80°05′ and 81°51′ east longitude; it runs in a south-easterly direction, confined by the nearly parallel streams of theGhaghara andGomti. The extreme length of the district from east to west may be taken at 92 km (57 mi), and the extreme breadth at 93 km (58 mi); the total area is about 3,900 km2 (1,504 sq mi). It borders seven other districts of Uttar Pradesh. With its most northern point it shares borders with theSitapur district, while its north-eastern boundary is defined by the Ghagra, beyond which lie the districts ofBahraich district andGonda district. Its eastern border is shared withAyodhya district, and the Gomti forms a natural boundary to the south, dividing it from theAmethi district. On the west, it adjoins theLucknow district.
In 1856, the district came, with the rest ofOudh State, underBritish rule. During theIndian Rebellion of 1857, the whole of the Barabankitalukdars joined the mutineers, but offered no serious resistance following the capture ofLucknow.[3][4]
Barabanki district stretches out in a level plain interspersed with numerous lakes and marshes. In the upper part of the district the soil is sandy, while in the lower part it is clay and produces finer crops.[4] The district is fed by the riversGhaghra (forming the northern boundary),Gomti (flowing through the middle of the district), Kalyani and Rait and their tributaries, for the major part of the year.[5] Some riversdry out in the summer, and become flooded during the rainy season. The changing course of the river Ghagra alters the land area of the district.
The principal crops are rice, wheat, pulse and other food grains and sugarcane.[4] Both of the bordering rivers of Barabanki are navigable. The district is traversed by two lines of the Northern Railway and North-Eastern Railway, with branches having total length of 131 km (81 mi).[6] The district roadways include connections toNational Highway 28, state highways and various link roads.
The area was once known as Jasnaul, fromJas, a Raja of the Bhar tribe, who is said to have founded it before 1000 AD. Following theMuslim conquest, the lands were divided into twelve, with the new owners quarrelling so incessantly that they were called theBarah Banke, or twelve quarrelsome men.Banka, inAwadhi, means a bully or brave. Others derive the name fromban, meaning wood or jungle, and interpret Barabanki as the twelve shares of jungle.[3]
The current Barabanki district was first established by the British upon their annexation ofOudh State in 1856.[7] Originally, the district was known asDaryabad district because its headquarters were atDaryabad, but in 1859 they were relocated to Barabanki.[7] The name "Barabanki" was chosen for the district's official name over "Nawabganj", then the more common name of the town, for two reasons: first, to avoid any possible confusion with other places called Nawabganj, and second, because the civil station was technically located outside of Nawabganj in the small revenue village of Barabanki.[7] Previously, under theNawabs of Awadh, the area that would become Barabanki district was divided between fivechaklas: Daryabad-Rudauli, Ramnagar, Dewa-Jahangirabad Raj, Jagdispur, and Haidargarh.[7]
Barabanki district is mostly within what was thePachhimrath division[8] of the kingdom of Rama.[9]
Parijaat tree is a protectedbaobab tree in the village ofKintoor, and is considered sacred to Hindus.[10] Located near the Kunteshwar Mahadeva temple (established byKunti), the tree is said to grow from Kunti's ashes.[11] The tree is very old, though its age has not been scientifically determined.[12]
Before 1000 AD, Jas, a raja of the Bhar tribe, is said to have founded the locality of Jasnaul which later became Barabanki.[3]
_procession_Barabanki_India_(Jan_2009).jpg)
Muslim Infiltration was first tried in what is now the district at Satrikh, in 1030 AD (421 AH).[3] The Muslim conquest saw Sihali attacked and its Hindu sovereign killed.[3] Bhar chief Raja Sohil Deo (or Sohel Dal) of Sahet-Mahet and Rathor monarch Sri Chandradeo of Kannauj fought a battle in Satrikh village of the district and drove out the Foreign Muslim Army in the Battle of Bahraich.[9]
In 1049 AD (441 AH), the kings of Kanauj and Manikpur were again attacked but the foreigners were defeated and driven away fromOudh. The Muslim invasion was not successful in Bara Banki as elsewhere. After, Tarain 1192, Moslems again attacked this region and Ayodhya but were not very successful till the reign of Khiljis and Firoz Tuglaq.The foreigners followed a policy of religious persecution and conversions. They also settled many foreigners and gave them fertile tracts in Ramnagar, Daryabad, Zaidpur, Rudauli areas.[citation needed]
From 1350 to about 1750 AD, Muslim immigrants settled in great number in the district.[9] The Muslims first permanently settled in Oudh.[13]
Rudauli was occupiedc. 700 AH, in the reign of Alla-ud-din Khilji, whose forces had destroyed nearly every remaining seat of Chhattri power. Rasulpur was conquered about 1350 AD. Daryabad was founded about 1444 AD by Dariab Khan Subahdar and his brother Fateh Khan colonised. Fatehpur. The villages of Barauli and Barai, near Rudauli, were occupied and became large estates until about the middle of the fifteenth century.[3]
Simultaneously, however, with this latter immigration of the Muslims, there was one of Chhattris. The mysterious tribe of Kalhans, which numbers some twenty thousand persons, are said to be descended from Achal Singh, who came in as a soldier of fortune with Dariab Khan about 1450 AD. Singh had large properties, with a possible capital at Bado Sarai on the old bank of the Ghagra.[3]
The wars had by then shifted to fighting between Muslim princes, with Hindu soldiers employed. The battleground was the Oudh borderland between Sharqis of Jaunpur (where Ibrahim Shah Shargi reigned) and the Lodis of Delhi. Dariab Khan settled Hindu soldiers as garrisons. Oudh clans, said to have emigrated from Gujarat, included the Kalhans, the Ahban, the Pan war, the Gahlot, the Gaur, and the Bais.[3]
The isolated Suryavanshi estate of Haraha and the SombanshiBahrelia estate of Surajpur were established by small colonies of Kshatriya foot-steps soldiers.[3]
DuringAkbar's reign, the district was divided under thesirkars of Oudh, Lucknow and Manikpur.[3][14]Ain-i-Akbari mentions the followingparganas (administrative units) during the reign of the Akbar:[15][relevant?]
| Number | Muhals of Ain-i-Akbari | Parganas as of 1878 | Sarkars of Ain-i-Akbari |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ibrahimabad | Ibrahimabad | Oudh |
| 2 | Basorhi | Basorhi | Oudh |
| 3 | Bakteha | Baksaha | Oudh |
| 4 | Daryabad | Daryabad | Oudh |
| 5 | Rudauli | Rudauli | Oudh |
| 6 | Sailuk | Sailuk | Oudh |
| 7 | Subeha | Subeha | Oudh |
| 8 | Satrikh | Satrikh | Oudh |
| 9 | Bhitauli | Bhitauli | Lucknow |
| 10 | Dewa | Dewa | Lucknow |
| 11 | Kumbhi | Dewa | Lucknow |
| 12 | Kursi | Kursi | Lucknow |
| 13 | Kahanjra | Kursi | Lucknow |
| 14 | Siddhaur | Siddhaur | Lucknow |
| 15 | Sidhipur | Siddhaur | Lucknow |
| 16 | Sihali | Khiron | Lucknow |
| 17 | Bhilwal | Haidergarh | Manikpur |
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Newal Rae, the naib ofwazirSafdar Jang, was defeated and killed at theKali river by the Bangash Afghans of Farukhabad, who then overran the province except a few of the fortified towns. In 1749 AD, Jang with an army of 60,000 men was defeated. The Mughal authority might have been overthrown had the Oudh Chhattris revolted at this time, but they waited until Jang had bribed or beaten the Rohillas out of the country in 1750 AD (1164 AH).[3]
The tribes gathered themselves together under the leadership of Raja Anup Singh of Ramnagar Dhameri, theJanwar of Balrampur, the Bisens of Gonda, and numerous other lords. The forces assembled for an attack onLucknow, whose troops had gone into Rohilkhand. The Shekhzadas of Lucknow came out to meet the enemy, joined by the Khanziidas of Mahmudabad and Bilahra, who were connected with them by marriage.[3]
The Musalmans, headed by Nawab Muizz-ud-din Khan of Mahmudabad, were victorious in battle at Chheola Ghat on the Kalyani, on the road to Lucknow. TheBalrampur raja was killed and some 15,000 were killed or wounded on both sides. TheKhanzadas then rose to power. The Raikwars were proportionately depressed; the estates of both Baundi and Ramnagar were divided, and but a few villages left with the raja. The process of agglomeration commenced againc. 1816, on the death ofSaadat Ali Khan II. In 1856, the Ramnagar raja had recovered the family estate and added to it, while his brother of Baundi had similarly added 172 villages to his domain.[3]
There were a total forty-threetaluqa. The principal chiefs of Bara Banki during the last years of Nawabi were:[3]
Few other later important taluqas were:
Unlike what occurred in the districts of Hardoi, Gonda, and Lucknow, the whole body of thetaluqdars in this district joined the cause of the deposed king and the mutineers. They offered no resistance, however, of any moment to the advance of the British troops after thecapture of Lucknow in the battle of Nawabganj.[3]
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The Sadr station (district headquarters) was placed at annexation and also after the mutinies at Daryabad. However, due to the stagnation of water in the immediate vicinity of the town, and to the prevalence of fever, the headquarters was moved in 1859 to Nawabganj, Bara Banki.[17]
During 1869 census of Oudh, thirteen large towns orkasbahs were identified in the district:[18]Nawabgunj,Musauli,Rasauli,Satrikh,Zaidpur,Sidhaur,Dariabad,Ichaulia,Rudauli,Ram Nagar,Bado Sarai,Kintoor andFatehpur. The census also noted the following weretahsils andparganas:
| Tahsil | Pargana |
|---|---|
| Nawaba Ganj | Nawabganj |
| Patabganj | |
| Satrikh | |
| Sidhaur | |
| Ram Nagar | Ramnagar |
| Bhitouli | |
| Bado Sarai | |
| Fatehpur | |
| Mohammedpur | |
| Sani Ghat | Dariabad |
| Surajpur | |
| Mawai Mahulara | |
| Barsorhi |
In 1870, before the addition of two parganas from Lucknow (i.e. Kursi & Dewa) and one pargana each from Rae Bareli and Sultanpur (i.e. Haidergarh and Subeha, respectively), Bara Banki district had area of 3,330 km2 (1,285 sq mi) and had following subdivisions:[17][page needed]
| Tahsil (subdistrict) | Pargana | No. of Villages | Area | Major Talukas & Talukdars | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sq miles | km2 | acres | ||||
| Nawabaganj | Nawabganj | 77 | 78.9 | 204.3 | 50,484 | I.— Jehangirabad, Raja Farzand Ali Khan II.— Sohailpur Bhanmau, Mir Buniad Husen and Amjad Husen. III.— Satrikh, Kazi Sarfraz Ali. IV.— Simrawan, Bissein Thakur Sheo Sahai. V.— Shahpur, Ghulam Abbas and Mahomed Amir. VI.— Gaddia, Shekh Zainulabdin. VII.— Usmanpur, Thakurain Zahur-un-nissa. |
| Partabganj | 54 | 56.0 | 145.0 | 35,834 | ||
| Satrikh | 43 | 45.9 | 118.8 | 29,358 | ||
| Siddhaur | 224 | 141.2 | 365.7 | 90,377 | ||
| Daryabad-Rudauli (later named to Ram Sanehi Ghat) | Daryabad | 241 | 214.0 | 554.1 | 136,931 | I.— Surajpur Raja Udatpertab Singh, Burhelia Thakur. II.— Haraha, Raja Narindur Bahadur, Surajbans Thakur. III.— Kamiar, Shere Bahadur, Kalhans Thakur. IV.— Rampur, Rai Ibram Bali, Kaisth. V.— Saidanpur, Latafat-ullah and Inayat-ullah. VI.— Nirauli, Chaudhri Husen Baksh. VII.— Amirpur, Inayat Rassul. VIII.— Purai, Mahomed Abid. IX.- Daryabad, Rai Rajeshwar Bali. |
| Surajpur | 107 | 96.3 | 249.5 | 61,645 | ||
| Rudauli | 196 | 172.7 | 447.4 | 110,553 | ||
| Mawai | 51 | 71.0 | 184.0 | 45,469 | ||
| Barsorhi | 44 | 34.3 | 88.9 | 21,958 | ||
| Ramnagar | Ramnagar | 168 | 112.1 | 290.4 | 71,756 | I.— Ramnagar, Raja Sarabjit Singh, Raikwar Thakur. II.— Bilheri, Raja Ibad Ali. III.— Mahmudabad, Raja Amir Hussan Khan. IV.— Bhatwamau, Badshah Husen Khanzada. V.— Muhammadpur, Ganga Singh, Raikwar. |
| Fatehpur | 251 | 154.0 | 398.7 | 98,532 | ||
| Muhammadpur | 83 | 61.8 | 160.1 | 39,568 | ||
| Bado Sarai | 56 | 47.7 | 123.6 | 30,541 | ||
| Total | 1,595 | 504.7 | 1,307.2 | 323,011 | ||
In 1871 about half the district was held by 43talukdars; there were also 5,397 villagezemindars (landowners), and 1,354 under-proprietors. Thetalukas were as follows:[17][page needed]
| Name of Taluka | Name of Talukdar | No. of Villages | Area | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sq miles | km2 | acres | |||
| Ramnagar | Raja Sarabjit Singh | 358 | 169.2 | 438.2 | 108,286 |
| Huraha | Raja Nurindur Bahadur Singh | 66 | 46.8 | 121.2 | 29,960 |
| Bhanmau | Mir Umjad Hosein | 10 | 8.2 | 21.2 | 5,233 |
| Jehagerabad | Raja Farzand Ali Khan | 72 | 35.5 | 92.1 | 22,751 |
| Surajpur | Raja Talaywand Koer | 64 | 56.9 | 147.3 | 36,388 |
| Mahmudabad | Raja Amir Hassan Khan | 89 | 44.8 | 116.1 | 28,680 |
| Man Singh | Maharaja Man Singh | 16 | 20.3 | 52.6 | 13,009 |
| Malaraiganj | Nawab Ali Khan | 11 | 5.1 | 13.1 | 3,235 |
| Shahabpur | Mahomed Amir and Gholam Abbas | 8 | 5.6 | 14.5 | 3,578 |
| Simrawan | Thakur Sheosahai | 8 | 6.5 | 16.9 | 4,188 |
| Sohailpur | Mir Umjad Hosein | 8 | 3.8 | 9.9 | 2,458 |
| Ushdamow | Panday Bahadur Singh | 16 | 5.8 | 14.9 | 3,684 |
| Usmanpur | Thakur Roushan Zama Khan | 25 | 11.4 | 29.6 | 7,325 |
| Kharkha | Mahomed Hosein | 10 | 7.2 | 18.6 | 4,593 |
| Guddia | Shaikh Zainulabdin | 12 | 3.0 | 7.8 | 1,933 |
| Satrikh | Kazi Ikram Ahmed | 85 | 14.7 | 38.1 | 9,420 |
| Gootiah | Hakim Kurrum Ali | 13 | 8.7 | 22.5 | 5,549 |
| Subeha | Surfaraz Ahmed | 1 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 564 |
| Sulaunpur | Nawab Ali Khan | 6 | 6.1 | 15.8 | 3,892 |
| Kotwa | Abid Ali | 1 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 331 |
| Motree | Bhugwant singh | 1 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 1,040 |
| Tribadiganj | Raja Thakurpershad Tribadi | 2 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 813 |
| Lillowly | Buxshee Harpershad | 11 | 3.9 | 10.2 | 2,510 |
| Nurhowl | Shaik Boo Ali | 3 | 2.3 | 5.9 | 1,465 |
| Mirpur | Nusserudeen | 4 | 3.8 | 9.8 | 2,416 |
| Baytowly | Maharaja Runbir Singh | 5 | 5.5 | 14.3 | 3,535 |
| Rampur | Thakur Gooman Singh | 1 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 357 |
| Jubrahpur | Thakur Ruder Pratab Singh | 2 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 700 |
| Bilharrah | Raja Ibad Ali Khan | 41 | 24.7 | 64.1 | 15,838 |
| Muhammadpur | Thakur Ganga Singh | 26 | 7.8 | 20.2 | 4,981 |
| Bhatwamau | Badsha Hasan Khan | 23 | 13.2 | 34.2 | 8,459 |
| Rampur | Rai Ibram Balli | 35 | 21.2 | 54.9 | 13,571 |
| Kumyar | Shere Bahadur | 10 | 21.0 | 54.3 | 13,430 |
| Sydanpur | Latafat-ul-lah and Mayet-ul-lah | 13 | 8.5 | 22.0 | 5,428 |
| Pushka | Naipal Singh | 4 | 3.3 | 8.6 | 2,129 |
| Raneemau | Outar Singh | 14 | 8.9 | 23.0 | 5,687 |
| Nurrowly | Chaudhri Razah Husain | 45 | 36.2 | 93.7 | 23,157 |
| Barrai | Chaudhri Gholam Farid and Mahboob-ul-Rahamn | 46 | 25.1 | 64.9 | 16,039 |
| Purai | Meer mahomaed Abid | 14 | 10.5 | 27.2 | 6,722 |
| Amirpur | Chaudhri Ishan Russul | 13 | 7.1 | 18.4 | 4,557 |
| Burrowly | Chaudhri Wazeer Ali | 25 | 6.0 | 15.7 | 3,871 |
| Nearah | Shere Khan | 13 | 4.7 | 12.1 | 2,993 |
| Retch | Raghunath Singh | 1 | 3.4 | 8.8 | 2,183 |
| Total | 1,158 | 682.1 | 1,766.8 | 436,574 | |
In 1877, Barabanki was one of the three districts of the then Lucknow division.[19] Its area was 4,580 km2 (1,768 sq mi) and population was 1,113,430.
As per1877 Gazetteer of the province of Oudh there were:[3]
In the struggle for independence from 1922 to 1934 during the Khilafat movement, the district participated in the growing movement against foreign fabrics, etc.[20] On 26 October 1942, Brij Bahadur and Hans Raj (a.k.a. Sardar) planted a bomb in a police outpost at Barabanki, known as Barabanki Outpost Bomb Case.[21]
Barabanki district is for the most part flat agricultural lands studded with groves. The most elevated point is about 130 metres (430 ft) above sea level, and there are few points of view from which any expanse of the countryside can be surveyed. In the north, the topography is broken by a 6.1-metre (20 ft) ridge running parallel to the Ghaghra at a distance of 1.6 to 4.8 km (1 to 3 mi), which is said to indicate the former right bank of this river. These lands are undulating and richly wooded, while to the south there is a gentle slope down to the Gomti. The district is intersected at various parts by rugged ravines.[3]
The principal river in the district is theGhaghra at a short distance from Bahramghat; it is formed by the Himalaya-fed rivers Chauka and Sarda, which meet in the Fatehpur tehsil. It is 2.4 to 3.2 km (1.5 to 2 mi) wide in the rainy season and about 0.80 km (0.5 mi) wide during the dry season, when the discharge is about 19,000 cubic feet per second (540 m3/s). For 77 km (48 mi), the river divides the Barabanki district from the districts of Bahraich and Gonda. It flows in a south-easterly direction past Ayodhya, and empties into the Ganges at Arrah. This river is navigable for flat-bottomed steamers as far as Bahramghat, and is used by country boats in considerable numbers between Bahramghat and Sarun district. The principal ferries are at Kaithi, Kamiar, and Paska Ghat; a floating bridge operates at Bahramghat during the cold season. The river's flood plains generally have fine crops of rice, but the water sometimes lies too long after the rains and rots them, and the spring crops cannot be sown. The river is not utilised for irrigation.[3]
Next in importance is theGomti, which runs through the tahsil of Haidargarh and some portion of the tehsil Ram Sanehi Ghat, and separates the Bara Banki district from the districts of Lucknow, Sultanpur and Faizabad. Like the Ghagra, it runs in a south-easterly direction, has a well-defined bank and a stream which is fordable in the dry weather, when it is about 37 m (120 ft) wide. The circuitous course of the Gomti covers 169 km (105 mi) though the direct distance is half that distance. It is therefore not very efficient for transportation, though there is considerable traffic by country boats. Its dry weather discharge is 14 cubic metres per second (500 cu ft/s). Its water is at a lower level than the Ghagra, and it is not used for irrigation. At the junction of the Kalyani, the Ghagra is only 92 metres (301 ft) above sea level.[3]
The Kalyani River rises in the Fatehpur tahsil, and empties into the Gomti near the village of Anarpatti.[3] In the rains of 1872, the Kalyani presented a vast volume of water – 82 metres (269 ft) broad and 103 metres (337 ft) deep – rushing at 9.24 km/h (5.74 mph) with a discharge of 1,459 cubic metres per second (51,540 cu ft/s). In typical monsoons, the maximum discharge is about three-quarters of this.[3] The river is crossed by a railway bridge with six spans of 18 metres (60 ft).[3]
The Jamuriha and Reth, both in the Nawabganj tehsil, are the only other notable streams in this district. Their general characteristics are the same: they have significant flows during rains which have carved steep and rugged banks broken by innumerable ravines. They flow into the Gomti.Haidergarh, Deviganj, Choury andAlapur are settlements on the Reth, while Jamuriha passes throughBarabanki city (Barabanki revenue village on one side andNawabganj Tehsil hq on other).[3]
There are numeroustanks and jheels,[clarification needed] especially in the tehsils of Daryabad, Ram Sanehi Ghat, and Nawabganj. Seven per cent of the area is covered with water; many of the tanks are in course of being deepened, earth is removed to replenishing cultivated land, though such efforts are complicated by conflicting rights to the tanks. Some of the jheels are navigable by small boats for sport or pleasure. The finest jheel in this district,[according to whom?] that named Bhagghar, is situated in the Suratganj; it covers less than 5.2 km2 (2 sq mi) There is another in Dewa, covering about 13 km2 (5 sq mi) with water and marsh. Parva, Nardahi, and Ganhari Jheel are the major wetlands.[3]
Thisdoab is a fertile area of about 146,526 ha (362,070 acres). It is bounded by the Kalyani river to the north, the Gomti river and its tributary to the south, the Sarda Sahayak feeder channel to the west, and the confluence of the Gomti and Kalyani rivers to the east.[22][23]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 1,025,624 | — |
| 1911 | 942,608 | −0.84% |
| 1921 | 895,722 | −0.51% |
| 1931 | 925,401 | +0.33% |
| 1941 | 1,011,287 | +0.89% |
| 1951 | 1,099,754 | +0.84% |
| 1961 | 1,234,931 | +1.17% |
| 1971 | 1,424,536 | +1.44% |
| 1981 | 1,740,799 | +2.03% |
| 1991 | 2,112,782 | +1.96% |
| 2001 | 2,673,581 | +2.38% |
| 2011 | 3,260,699 | +2.01% |
| source:[24] | ||
According to the2011 census, Barabanki district had apopulation of 3,260,699.[1] It then ranked 107th out ofIndia's 640 districts).[1] The district had a population density of 740 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,900/sq mi).[1] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 26.40%.[1] Barabanki had asex ratio of 887females for every 1,000 males,[1] and aliteracy rate of 61.75%.[1] Only 10.15% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes made up 26.51% of the population.[1]
Hinduism is the largest religion. Islam is a large minority, and is in equal proportions with Hinduism in urban areas.
At the time of the2011 Census of India, 91.54% of the district population spokeHindi (or a related language), 6.16%Urdu and 2.11%Awadhi as their first language.[26]
One of the many languages spoken in the district isAwadhi, a vernacular in the Hindicontinuum spoken by over 38 million people, mainly in theAwadh region of India.[27]
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Barabanki is one of the five constituent districts ofFaizabad Division. The other districts beingAyodhya,Sultanpur, Amethi andAmbedkar Nagar. The division is headed by the divisional commissioner.
As of 2003–04, the district contained 7tehsils, 17blocks, 154nyaya panchayat and 1,140gram sabhas.[28]
As per 1991 data, there were 1,812 inhabited villages and 31 inhabited villages.[clarification needed]In 2001, there were 14 towns and cities, 2nagar palika parishads, 1cantonment area, 10nagar panchayats and 1 census town.[28]
Barabanki District is divided into six subdivisions, popularly known astehsils:Nawabganj,Fatehpur,Ramsanehi Ghat,Haidergarh,Ram Nagar andSirauli Ghauspur. The District Revenue Administration is headed by the District Collector (also known as District Magistrate), with the office at the collectorate, and thesetehsils are under the charge of sub-divisional magistrates.
District-level developmental activities are coordinated by the Chief Development Officer whose office is at theDistrict Rural Development Agency (DRDA) at the collectorate. The district-level offices for monitoring the developmental activities of Blocks at Barabanki are located at Vikas Bhawan.[clarification needed] Block development officers, who head each of the 15 development blocks of the district, carry out the development schemes on behalf of the government. The development blocks are:Banki, Masauli,Dewa, Harakh, Fatehpur, Haidergarh, Dariyabad,Suratganj, Siddhaur, Pure Dalai, Nindura, Trivediganj, Ram Nagar, Sirauli Ghauspur and Banikodar.
The law and order administration is jointly coordinated by the District Magistrate and the Superintendent of Police. The district is subdivided into 22 police stations (thanas), each of which is headed by an inspector or sub-inspector of police. 12 police stations are rural and 9 are rural.[clarification needed][28] These police stations are: Haidergarh, Satrikh, Dariyabad, Baddupur, Dewa, Kursi, Zaidpur, Mohammadpur, Ram Nagar, Fatehpur, Safderganj, Kotwali, Ramsanehi Ghat, Asandra, Subeha, Tikait Nagar, Lonikatra, Masauli, Kothi, Ghungter, Badosarai and Jahangirabad.
The district has 14 urban administrative bodies for its towns, which are:
Barabanki district has sevenstate-assembly constituencies which fall under twoparliamentary constituencies. They are:
| No. | No of Assembly Constituency | Name of Assembly Constituency | Assembly Constituency Reservation Status | Total Booths in Assembly Constituency | Net Voters in Assembly Constituency | No of Parliamentary Constituency | Name of Parliamentary Constituency | Parliamentary Constituency Reservation Status | Net Voters in Parliamentary Constituency | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 266 | Kursi | General | 343 | 295030 | 53 | Barabanki | Scheduled castes (SC) | 1,435,692 | [29] |
| 2 | 267 | Ram Nagar | General | 323 | 260,400 | [30] | ||||
| 3 | 268 | Barabanki | General | 322 | 289,765 | [31] | ||||
| 4 | 269 | Zaidpur | SC | 359 | 302,189 | [32] | ||||
| 5 | 272 | Haidergarh | SC | 327 | 288308 | [33] | ||||
| 6 | 270 | Dariyabad | General | 337 | 304,073 | 54 | Faizabad (partial) | General | 150,6120 | [34] |
| 7 | 271 | Rudauli (partial) | General | 304 | 282,890 | [35] |
Barabanki district sends two members tostate-council. Sitting members are:[36]
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Following is the list of public amenities (1999–2002 data):[28]
Area covered under water supply using taps/ handpumps of India Mark-2:
The district's economy is primarily based on agriculture.[37] Agriculture, bio-gas plants, animal husbandry, and small-scale industries provide direct and indirect employment.[38][39]
In Barabanki the net irrigated area is 84.2% (compared to the Uttar Pradesh average of 79%). The intensity[clarification needed] of irrigation in Barabanki is 176.9% (compared to the state average of 140%). Most of irrigation in Barabanki is done through privatetube wells (69%) and canals (30%).
Subsistence agriculture is practised in Barabanki, with up to five crops rotated per year.[40] The dominant crops are cereals (occupying 68.4 per cent of cropped areas), mainly paddy (rice) (34.4%) and wheat (31.3%). Other crops include pulses (10.1%) and sugarcane 3.6%), and potatoes[41] (2.8%).Wheat,rice andmaize are chieffood crops of the district.[42][43]Opium,menthol oil,sugarcane, fruits (mango,banana, etc.), vegetables (potato,tomato,mushroom, etc.), flowers (gladiolus, etc.),spices, etc. are the chiefcash crops[44][45][46][47][48][49] for export.[50] Barabanki has been major hub of opium production since British rule; the district opium officer, based at Afeem Kothi, is the only one in the state.[51]
Barabanki leads the country in menthol farming, with 81 km2 (20,000 acres) under cultivation.[50][52]
Apart from crop farming,livestock-based farming,[53]broiler farming,[47] andfish cultivation is also prevalent in the district.[47]Bee keeping is practised in the Dewa block of the district.[38][47]
The district is home to a Regional Agriculture Seed Testing & Demonstration Station of the federal Department of Agriculture.[54] In 2004, aKrishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK, agricultural science centre) was established in the district underNarendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology.[55] TheInstitute for Integrated Society Development established a Rural Technology Development and Dissemination Centre in 2002 at Nindura Block of Barabanki District.[38] National Fertilizers Limited has established a Soil Testing Lab in the district.[56] Information and Communication Technologies has a centre in the district.[57]
There are six industrial areas in the District Barabanki,[65]
The companies and factories include:
The first 2 megawatt-capacity solar power plant project of Uttar Pradesh is situated in Sandauli village of Barabanki district, it was inaugurated on 10 May 2012 and become operational in January 2013.[73][74] The plant was set up by Technical Associates Ltd.[75]
In 2011–12 almost 2 million people visited the twin sites ofLodheshwar Mahadev Mandir and Deva Sharif shrine.[76]
National Highway 28 (NH-28) passes through the district. It is well connected to other cities by means of roadways. Passenger road transport services in Uttar Pradesh started in 1947 with the operation of bus service on theLucknow–Barabanki route byUP Government Roadways.[98]
Both the Northern Railway and the North Eastern Railway pass through Barabanki district, with a total of 131 km (81 mi) of broad-gauge line and 19 stations.
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bara Banki".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 379.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.Atul Verma won India its first Olympic archery medal – a bronze – at the Youth Olympic Games at Nanjing on Tuesday. The boy from Barabanki (Uttar Pradesh) ...
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