Baoding 保定市 Paoting | |
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      | |
| Nickname: Boot-Shaped City (靴城) | |
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.png) Location of Baoding City jurisdiction in Hebei | |
  Baoding Location of the city centre in Hebei Show map of Hebei Baoding Baoding (Northern China) Show map of Northern China Baoding Baoding (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates (Baoding municipal government):38°52′26″N115°27′50″E / 38.874°N 115.464°E /38.874; 115.464 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hebei |
| County-level divisions | 5 districts 4 county-level cities 15 counties |
| Township-level divisions | 28 subdistricts 142 towns 170 townships 3 ethnic townships |
| Settled | 477 |
| Established | 1925 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Prefecture level city |
| • Body | Baoding City People's Congress |
| Area | |
| 22,185 km2 (8,566 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 326 km2 (126 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,840 km2 (710 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 25 m (82 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 2,286 m (7,500 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 7 m (23 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[3] | |
| 11,544,036 | |
| • Density | 520.35/km2 (1,347.7/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 6,425,944 |
| • Urban density | 19,700/km2 (51,100/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,549,787 |
| • Metro density | 1,390/km2 (3,590/sq mi) |
| GDP[4] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 408.7 billion US$ 52.9 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 28,648 US$4,600 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 071000 |
| Area code | 0312 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HE-06 |
| License plate prefixes | 冀F |
| Website | www |
| Baoding | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Chinese | 保定 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "protect (the capital) and stabilize (the territory)" | ||||||||||||||||||
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Baoding is aprefecture-level city in centralHebei province, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) southwest ofBeijing. As of the 2020 census, Baoding City had 11,544,036 inhabitants, of which 2,549,787 lived in the metropolitan area made of 4 out of 5 urban districts: Lianchi, Jingxiu, Qingyuan, and Mancheng all of which are largelyconurbated.[1] Accounting for about one-sixth of the population of Hebei Province.[5] Baoding is among 13 Chinese cities with a population of over 10 million, ranking seventh.[6] Zhuozhou City in the northern part has now grown into part of the Beijing metro area.[7][citation needed]
Baoding was the capital ofZhili Province and the residence of theViceroy of Zhili in theQing dynasty. The city was also the capital of Hebei province until 1968, and is now anational historical and cultural city and one of the central cities in theJing-Jin-Ji cluster,[8] with theXiong'an new area located within its jurisdiction.
Baoding was known as Shanggu, Baozhou, Shoocheng and Baofu in ancient times.[9] The city's name, Baoding (Chinese:保定),[10][11] dates back to theSong andYuan dynasties, In 1239, the Yuan Dynasty changed the name of Shuntian Army to Shuntian Road, which means "complying with the destiny of heaven", and Baozhou was renamed Luzhi (路治). Because Baozhou was the southern gate of the capital in the Yuan Dynasty, Shuntian Road was changed to Baoding Road in 1275, which means "defend the capital and stabilize the world".[12][13] The name is roughly interpreted as "protecting the capital", referring to the city's proximity toBeijing.
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Baoding has a history dating back to theWestern Han Dynasty.
TheNanzhuangtou site nearBaiyang Lake is one of the earliestNeolithic site discovered inNorth China, dating back approximately 10,500–9,700 years.[14] Other Neolithic sites in Baoding includeDiaoyutai andBeifudi.[15]
During theWarring States period, what is now Baoding was along the dividing line between theYan andZhao states.
One of the capitals of Yan during this period,Xiadu, is located in what is nowYi County, and from 400 to 300 BC may have beenthe largest cities in the world, with an estimated population of over 300,000.[16]
In 960 theSong dynasty established theBaoprefecture ("Baozhou") with the administrative office in Baosai County (modern Baoding).[17] This lasted until 1241, when theMongol Empire (who conquered theJin dynasty in 1234) abolished it, incorporating Baozhou into theCentral Region.
In the year 1213 theMongol army invaded and destroyed Baozhou, leaving it in ruins until it was reconstructed in 1227 during theYuan dynasty. The region acquired the name "Baoding" in 1275.
In 1669, Baoding became the capital ofZhili, ruled over by aViceroy until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.
In 1902,Yuan Shikai, then Viceroy, established theBaoding Military Academy. Birthplace of many famous ROC and Communist generals in the early 20th century.
On August 1, 1949, the People's Government of Hebei province was established, Baoding was the capital of the province, and the city of Baoding was a provincial municipality. On August 9, the administrative inspector's office of the Baoding district was established, and it was established as the administrative inspector's office of thecounty district.[18]
In May 1958, the capital of Hebei was moved toTianjin, then back to Baoding in January 1966, toShijiazhuang in February 1968. In December 1994, the Baoding area merged with Baoding to become a provincial city.[19]
In April 2017, theCentral Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and theState Council announced the decision to transform Baoding'sXiong,Rongcheng, andAnxin counties intoXiong'an New Area, a new development area of national significance, with a focus on innovation, sustainability and quality of life, following the successes ofShenzhen Special Economic Zone andShanghai's Pudong New Area.[20]
Baoding is located in the west-central portion of Hebei province and lies on theNorth China Plain, with theTaihang Mountains to the west. Bordering prefecture-level cities in the province areZhangjiakou to the north,Langfang andCangzhou to the east, and Shijiazhuang andHengshui to the south. Baoding also borders Beijing to the northeast andShanxi to the west.[21]
The geographical coordinates of Baoding are between 113°40'-116°20' east longitude and 38°10'-40°00' north latitude.[5]
Elevations in Baoding's administrative area decrease from northwest to southeast. The western parts are dominated by mountains and hills that are generally more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) tall; this area includes parts ofLaishui,Yi,Mancheng,Shunping,Tang, andFuping Counties as well as the entirety of Laiyuan County, occupying 30.6% of the prefecture's area.[1] The highest peak is Mount Waitou (歪头山), with an elevation of 2,286 metres (7,500 ft).[1] Moving southeast from this area, one encounters low-lying mountains and hills, taking up 18.9% of the prefecture's area.[1] Further to the east lies generally flat terrain of 30 to 100 metres (98 to 330 ft) elevation. Here the primary rivers are the Xiaoyi River (孝义河), Fu River (府河), Bao River (瀑河), Ping River (萍河),Juma River (拒马河), Yishui River (易水河), Tang River (唐河), Cao River (漕河), Zhulong River (潴龙河), Qingshui River (清水河), and Sha River (沙河).[22]Baiyangdian Lake, the largest natural lake in northern China, can be found nearby.
Baoding has a continental,monsoon-influencedhumid continental climate/semi-arid climate (KöppenDwa/BSk),[23] characterised by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoon, and generally cold, windy, very dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone. Spring can bear witness to sandstorms blowing in from the Mongolian steppe, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. Autumn is similar to spring in temperature and lack of rainfall. The annual rainfall, about 60% of which falls in July and August alone, is highly variable and not reliable. The average annual runoff is 2.45 billion cubic meters.[5] In the city itself, this amount has averaged to a meagre 496.1 millimetres (19.5 in) per annum. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −2.7 °C (27.1 °F) in January to 27.1 °C (80.8 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 13.3 °C (55.9 °F). There are 2,500 to 2,900 hours of bright sunshine annually, and the frost-free period lasts 165−210 days.
| Climate data for Baoding, elevation 17 m (56 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) | 23.1 (73.6) | 30.7 (87.3) | 33.8 (92.8) | 38.1 (100.6) | 41.9 (107.4) | 41.6 (106.9) | 37.7 (99.9) | 34.3 (93.7) | 31.1 (88.0) | 23.9 (75.0) | 17.4 (63.3) | 41.9 (107.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 6.9 (44.4) | 14.1 (57.4) | 21.5 (70.7) | 27.4 (81.3) | 31.7 (89.1) | 32.2 (90.0) | 30.6 (87.1) | 26.7 (80.1) | 20.0 (68.0) | 10.7 (51.3) | 4.1 (39.4) | 19.0 (66.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) | 0.9 (33.6) | 7.8 (46.0) | 15.1 (59.2) | 21.1 (70.0) | 25.7 (78.3) | 27.3 (81.1) | 25.8 (78.4) | 20.9 (69.6) | 13.8 (56.8) | 5.2 (41.4) | −1.0 (30.2) | 13.3 (56.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.2 (19.0) | −3.8 (25.2) | 2.2 (36.0) | 9.2 (48.6) | 15.0 (59.0) | 20.2 (68.4) | 23.0 (73.4) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.1 (61.0) | 8.9 (48.0) | 1.0 (33.8) | −4.9 (23.2) | 8.5 (47.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −22.0 (−7.6) | −15.7 (3.7) | −14.8 (5.4) | −3.2 (26.2) | 5.5 (41.9) | 10.7 (51.3) | 13.4 (56.1) | 12.6 (54.7) | 5.7 (42.3) | −2.3 (27.9) | −11.6 (11.1) | −23.3 (−9.9) | −23.3 (−9.9) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 2.2 (0.09) | 5.0 (0.20) | 8.9 (0.35) | 24.1 (0.95) | 33.8 (1.33) | 68.1 (2.68) | 153.0 (6.02) | 108.5 (4.27) | 54.5 (2.15) | 24.2 (0.95) | 12.2 (0.48) | 2.0 (0.08) | 496.5 (19.55) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 11.8 | 11.0 | 6.7 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 64.8 |
| Average snowy days | 3.0 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 10.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 55 | 50 | 47 | 51 | 55 | 59 | 72 | 77 | 71 | 66 | 65 | 59 | 61 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 143.9 | 156.4 | 206.7 | 225.9 | 251.7 | 209.8 | 174.7 | 179.9 | 183.4 | 171.4 | 140.0 | 137.3 | 2,181.1 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 47 | 51 | 55 | 57 | 57 | 47 | 39 | 43 | 50 | 50 | 47 | 47 | 49 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[24][25] all-time extreme temperature[26] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[27] | |||||||||||||
Bǎodìngprefecture-level city consists of 5 municipaldistricts, 4county-level cities, 15counties:
| Map | |||||||||||||
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| Division code[28] | English name | Simp. Chinese | Pinyin | Area in km2[29] | Seat | Postal code | Divisions[30] | ||||||
| Subdistricts | Towns | Townships | Ethnic townships | Residential communities (居委会) | Villages (村委会) | ||||||||
| 130600 | Baoding | 保定市 | Bǎodìng Shì | 22185 | Jingxiu District | 071000 | 31 | 207 | 105 | 2 | 514 | 6184 | |
| 130602 | Jingxiu District | 竞秀区 | Jìngxiù Qū | 149 | Xianfeng Subdistrict (先锋街道) | 071000 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 81 | 71 | ||
| 130603 | Lianchi District | 莲池区 | Liánchí Qū | 82 | Wusi Road Subdistrict (五四路街道) | 071000 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 151 | 120 | ||
| 130605 | Mancheng District | 满城区 | Mǎnchéng Qū | 658 | Mancheng Town (满城镇) | 072100 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 16 | 183 | ||
| 130606 | Qingyuan District | 清苑区 | Qīngyuàn Qū | 856 | Qingyuan (清苑镇) | 071100 | 13 | 5 | 14 | 266 | |||
| 130607 | Xushui District | 徐水区 | Xúshuǐ Qū | 723 | Ansu (安肃镇) | 072500 | 10 | 4 | 28 | 304 | |||
| 130633 | Yi County | 易县 | Yì Xiàn | 2535 | Yizhou (易州镇) | 074200 | 11 | 16 | 1 | 10 | 469 | ||
| 130630 | Laiyuan County | 涞源县 | Láiyuán Xiàn | 2431 | Laiyuan (涞源镇) | 074300 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 283 | |||
| 130626 | Dingxing County | 定兴县 | Dìngxīng Xiàn | 714 | Dingxing (定兴镇) | 072600 | 9 | 7 | 23 | 274 | |||
| 130636 | Shunping County | 顺平县 | Shùnpíng Xiàn | 712 | Puyang (蒲阳镇) | 072200 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 237 | |||
| 130627 | Tang County | 唐县 | Táng Xiàn | 1414 | Renhou (仁厚镇) | 072300 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 345 | |||
| 130631 | Wangdu County | 望都县 | Wàngdū Xiàn | 358 | Wangdu (望都镇) | 072400 | 7 | 1 | 10 | 142 | |||
| 130623 | Laishui County | 涞水县 | Láishuǐ Xiàn | 1662 | Laishui (涞水镇) | 074100 | 12 | 3 | 6 | 284 | |||
| 130628 | Gaoyang County | 高阳县 | Gāoyáng Xiàn | 496 | Gaoyang (高阳镇) | 071500 | 1 | 7 | 11 | 149 | |||
| 130632 | Anxin County | 安新县 | Ānxīn Xiàn | 728 | Anxin (安新镇) | 071600 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 223 | |||
| 130638 | Xiong County | 雄县 | Xióng Xiàn | 513 | Xiongzhou (雄州镇) | 071800 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 287 | |||
| 130629 | Rongcheng County | 容城县 | Róngchéng Xiàn | 311 | Rongcheng (容城镇) | 071700 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 127 | |||
| 130634 | Quyang County | 曲阳县 | Qūyáng Xiàn | 1076 | Hengzhou (恒州镇) | 073100 | 11 | 16 | 10 | 367 | |||
| 130624 | Fuping County | 阜平县 | Fùpíng Xiàn | 2494 | Fuping (阜平镇) | 073200 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 209 | |||
| 130637 | Boye County | 博野县 | Bóyě Xiàn | 331 | Boye (博野镇) | 071300 | 7 | 11 | 133 | ||||
| 130635 | Li County | 蠡县 | Lǐ Xiàn | 653 | Liwu (蠡吾镇) | 071400 | 11 | 2 | 7 | 232 | |||
| 130682 | Dingzhou City | 定州市 | Dìngzhōu Shì | 1284 | Nanchengqu Subdistrict (南城区街道) | 073000 | 4 | 16 | 5 | 1 | 31 | 470 | |
| 130681 | Zhuozhou City | 涿州市 | Zhuōzhōu Shì | 751 | Shuangta Subdistrict (双塔街道) | 072700 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 39 | 402 | ||
| 130683 | Anguo City | 安国市 | Ānguó Shì | 485 | Qizhouyaoshi Subdistrict (祁州药市街道) | 071200 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 198 | ||
| 130684 | Gaobeidian City | 高碑店市 | Gāobēidiàn Shì | 674 | Xinghua Road Subdistrict (兴华路街道) | 074000 | 5 | 10 | 19 | 409 | |||
| Xiong'an New Area | 雄安新区 | Xióng'ān Xīnqū | 106.46 | Rongcheng (容城镇) | |||||||||
| Note: Baoding New High Technology Product Development Zone (保定高新技术产业开发区) includes Damafang Township (大马坊乡) of Jingxiu District and Jiantai Township (贤台乡) of Mancheng District; the Baigou New City (白沟新城) includes Baigou Town (白沟镇) of Gaobeidian City. | |||||||||||||
| Division name | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residence population[31] (November 2010) | Hukou population[32] (end of 2010) | |||
| Total | Ratio (%) | Population density (persons/km2) | ||
| Baoding City | 11,194,379 | 100 | 504.55 | 11610199 |
| Xinshi District | 482,768 | 4.31 | 2540.88 | 459038 |
| Beishi District | 387,339 | 3.46 | 5164.52 | 322205 |
| Nanshi District | 287,784 | 2.57 | 2877.84 | 279725 |
| Mancheng District | 387,307 | 3.46 | 615.75 | 411417 |
| Qingyuan District | 631,659 | 5.64 | 728.56 | 648645 |
| Laishui County | 339,063 | 3.03 | 204.50 | 352993 |
| Fuping County | 205,299 | 1.83 | 82.28 | 223846 |
| Xushui County | 563,030 | 5.03 | 778.74 | 586104 |
| Dingxing County | 517,873 | 4.63 | 725.31 | 585913 |
| Tang County | 529,066 | 4.73 | 373.37 | 590575 |
| Gaoyang County | 345,160 | 3.08 | 695.89 | 340163 |
| Rongcheng County | 258,179 | 2.31 | 822.23 | 265389 |
| Laiyuan County | 260,678 | 2.33 | 106.49 | 283537 |
| Wangdu County | 250,014 | 2.23 | 781.29 | 265525 |
| Anxin County | 437,378 | 3.91 | 604.11 | 440817 |
| Yi County | 537,564 | 4.80 | 212.14 | 570806 |
| Quyang County | 588,559 | 5.26 | 542.95 | 610065 |
| Li County | 505,574 | 4.52 | 775.42 | 532322 |
| Shunping County | 295,764 | 2.64 | 417.75 | 317484 |
| Boye County | 245,504 | 2.19 | 741.70 | 268941 |
| Xiong County | 359,506 | 3.21 | 686.08 | 375470 |
| Zhuozhou City | 603,535 | 5.39 | 813.39 | 645542 |
| Dingzhou City | 1,165,182 | 10.41 | 914.59 | 1214852 |
| Anguo City | 370,314 | 3.31 | 761.96 | 409834 |
| Gaobeidian City | 640,280 | 5.72 | 938.83 | 608991 |
| Note: The 58,709 people residing in Baoding High Technology Product Development Zone and the 124,274 in the Baigou New City are not listed separately. | ||||
According to the 2010 Census, the residence population stood at 11,194,382, an increase of 605,100 (5.71%) from 2000. The male-female ratio was 101.94:100. Children aged up to 14 numbered 1,915,800 (17.11% of the population), citizens 15 to 64 numbered 8,370,600 (74.78%), and 65+ numbered 908,000 (8.11%). The urban area of Baoding made of 5 urban Districts had a population of around 2,739,887 (2010 census). The overwhelming majority of the population isHan Chinese. The language of Baoding isMandarin Chinese — specifically, the Baoding dialect ofJi-Lu Mandarin. Despite Baoding's proximity to Beijing, the Chinese spoken in Baoding is not particularly close to theBeijing dialect — rather, it is more closely related toTianjin dialect.
Baoding is located in the centre of theBohai Rim economic area which includes Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang. One of the largest employers in Baoding isChina Lucky Film, the largest photosensitive materials and magnetic recording media manufacturer in China.[33] And, Yingli group, 2010 World Cup sponsor, has its headquarters in Baoding, who is the Global Top 10 solar panel manufacturer. More renowned companies include ZhongHang HuiTeng Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd (Wind Turbine), Baoding Tianwei Group Co., Ltd (Transformer), andGreat Wall Motor.
In April 2017, an area in Baoding was designated as aXiong'an New Area, a development zone of initially 100 km2 and up to 2000 km2, the site of what will eventually be a new city and the hub of the Beijing-Tinajin-Hebei development area.
Great Wall Motors Company Limited is a Chinese automobile manufacturer headquartered in Baoding,Hebei, China. The company is named after theGreat Wall of China and was formed in 1984. It is China's largestsport utility vehicle (SUV) and pick-up truck producer. It sells passenger cars and trucks under the Great Wall brand and SUVs under theHaval andWEY brands.
In 2016, Great Wall Motors set a historical sales record of 1,074,471 cars worldwide, increased by 26% compared to 2015.
Baoding City has one of China's biggest plants which manufacturesblades used inwind turbinegenerators, catering mainly to the domestic market. Tianwei Wind Power Technology is one of the three main plants in Baoding that produces wind turbine generators. It wheeled out its first 20 turbines in 2008, and it will produce 150 units in 2009 and another 500 in 2010. Nevertheless, Baoding is currently listed as the most polluted city in China.[35]
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Baoding has good connections to other cities, being located on one of the main routes in and out of Beijing. TheJingshi Expressway connects the two cities, and Baoding is also the western terminus of theBaojin Expressway linking Baoding withTianjin, which is one out of two nearest ports (Huanghua is the other one). TheJingguang Railway provides frequent services toBeijing West railway station. On 30 December 2012, a newBaoding station was opened, while the old train station was closed for passengers.[36]Baoding East railway station lies 9.5 km (5.9 mi)to the east on theBeijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway. On October 1, 2018, the east square of Baoding Railway Station was officially put into use, and the east station building of the railway station was also opened at the same time.[37]
Baoding is headquarters of the38th Mechanized Group Army of thePeople's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise theBeijing Military Region responsible for defending the PRC capital.[38][citation needed]
Perhaps the best-known item to supposedly originate in Baoding areBaoding balls, which can be used to relax one's keyboard hand and strengthen one's wrist.[39]
The most famous local specialty food is thedonkey burger.[40] (Chinese:驴肉火烧)
Anxin County is home to the Quantou Village Music Association (圈头村音乐会), a well-known traditional music group performing onguan (oboes),sheng (mouth organs), and percussion. The village of Quantou is located on an island inLake Baiyangdian.
[41] The city's streets follow a rough grid pattern, although this is less obvious in the older part of the city. The traditional main street of old Baoding is Yuhua Road, running from the city's centre to its eastern edge. Most of Baoding's historic buildings are located in this area, along with some of its larger shopping centres.[42] Other major streets include Dongfeng Road and Chaoyang Avenue. There is aring road around the city.
Baoding is home toHebei University,North China Electric Power University, three other universities and twelve colleges.[43]
Baoding contains a number of notable historic sites. In the city proper, there can be found a historic provincial governor's mansion and an ancientlotus garden. In the hills to the northwest of the city, near the suburb ofMancheng, there are theMancheng Han Tombs, where PrinceLiu Sheng and his wifeDou Wan were buried.
The greater Baoding administrative area has 16 designated state-level cultural relics:
United States,Charlotte,North Carolina, 1987-09-29[46]
Japan,Yonago, Tottori, 1991-10-13[47] Japan,Saijō, Ehime, 1994-9-21[48]
Iceland,Hafnarfjörður, 1994-10-09[49] Japan,Kushima, Miyazaki, 2000-11-20[50]
South Korea,Dongdaemun District,Seoul, 2001-02-19[51]
Canada,Gravenhurst, Ontario, 2002-12-5[52]
Panama,Santiago de Veraguas, 2006-12-15[53]
Denmark,Sønderborg Municipality, 2012-04-23[54][55]
Media related toBaoding at Wikimedia Commons
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