Banjarese also has significant population in other provinces in Indonesia, especially inSumatra (Riau andNorth Sumatra) even some regencies in Riau has a Banjarese majority population like inIndragiri Hilir Regency.
Apart from the native Banjarese in Indonesia, the Banjarese language also spoken by little Banjarese diaspora abroadMalaysia, (notably inPerak,Selangor,Kedah andJohor with significant minorities inSabah,Brunei Darussalam and Singapore);[6] however, they tend to not use it as their primary language, and their fluency degree is questionable.
According to Cense,[7] the Banjar Hulu dialect are predominantly spoken by Banjarese people in theSouth Hulu Sungai Regency andNorth Hulu Sungai Regency regions.Berangas language, aBarito language that is almost extinct in South Kalimantan, also has a close relationship with Banjar Kuala dialect, where it absorbs much of the Banjarese language vocabulary, but lexically it is closer to other Barito languages, especiallyBakumpai language.[8]
The following consonants can close a CVC syllable:/ptkmnŋshrl/. Words cannot begin with consonant clusters. Within a root, an NC sequence will always behomorganic, though reduplication and a few prefixes such assing- can produce other sequences, e.g./ŋb,ŋp,ŋt,ŋr,ŋl,kr,/. Other medial sequences include/kt/,/kn/,/ŋn/,/nɲ/,/st/,/sn/,/hk/,/hj/,/lk/ and/rɡ/.[2]
Regionally,/a/ has an allophone[ə] and/u/ has an allophone[ɔ]. The diphthongs are/ai/,/au/,/ui/.Loans with /e/ or /o/ are assimilated to these three vowels. E.g.kréték is realized as[karitik]. However, since most Banjarese speakers are effectively bilingual, this realization becomes rarer.
^abStruktur Bahasa Banjar Kuala [Language Structure of Kuala Banjarese] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Language Development Center of the Republic of Indonesia. 1981.
^abMorfo Sintaksis Bahasa Banjar Kuala [Syntactic Morphology of Kuala Banjarese] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Language Development Center of the Republic of Indonesia. 1986.
^A.A.Cee - E.M. Uhienbeck, Critical Survey of Studies on the Language of Borneo, 'S-Gravenhage-Martinus Nijhoff. 1958, hal. 9.
^Hapip, Abdul D. (1984).Struktur Bahasa Barangas (in Indonesian).Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
^abSudarmo, Sudarmo (2016).Fonotaktik Bahasa Banjar. Jurnal Bahasa Sastra Dan Pembelajarannya 6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Hapip, Abdul Jebar (2006).Kamus Banjar Indonesia, Cetakan V.
Morfo Sintaksis Bahasa Banjar Kuala [Syntactic Morphology of Kuala Banjarese] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Language Development Center of the Republic of Indonesia. 1986.
Nomina Bahasa Banjar [Nouns in Banjarese Language] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Research and Development Agency and Bookkeeping of the Republic of Indonesia. 1998.ISBN979-459-833-X.
Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Banjar [General Guidelines for Banjarese Spelling] (in Indonesian) (1 ed.). Banjarmasin: Banjarmasin Linguistic Center, Language Center, Department of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia. 2009.
Struktur Bahasa Banjar Kuala [Language Structure of Kuala Banjarese] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Language Development Center of the Republic of Indonesia. 1981.
