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Bandarban District

Coordinates:21°48′N92°24′E / 21.800°N 92.400°E /21.800; 92.400
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

District of Bangladesh in Chittagong Division
Bandarban Hill District
বান্দরবান পার্বত্য জেলা
Location of Bandarban in Bangladesh
Location of Bandarban in Bangladesh
Map
Expandable map of Bandarban District
Coordinates:21°48′N92°24′E / 21.800°N 92.400°E /21.800; 92.400
Country Bangladesh
DivisionChittagong Division
As a District18 April 1981
CapitalBandarban
Government
 • TypeDistrict Council
 • BodyBandarban Hill District Council
 • Deputy CommissionerYasmin Parvin Tibriji[1]
 • Chief Executive OfficerA. T. M. Kawser Hossain[2]
Area
 • Total
4,479.03 km2 (1,729.36 sq mi)
Population
 • Total
481,106
 • Density110/km2 (280/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+06:00 (BST)
Postal code
4600
Area code0361
ISO 3166 codeBD-01
HDI (2019)0.574[5]
medium ·19th of 20
Websitebandarban.gov.bd

Bandarban District (Bengali:বান্দরবান জেলা), officiallyBandarban Hill District, is a district in South-EasternBangladesh, and a part of theChittagong Division.[6] It is one of the three hill districts of Bangladesh and a part of theChittagong Hill Tracts, the others beingRangamati District andKhagrachhari District. Bandarban district (4,479 km2) is not only the most remote district of the country, but also the least populous (population 388,000).[7] There is an army contingent atBandarban Cantonment.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1974116,426—    
1981171,478+5.69%
1991230,569+3.01%
2001298,120+2.60%
2011388,335+2.68%
2022481,106+1.97%
Sources:[4][8][3]

According to the2022 Census of Bangladesh, Bandarban District had 106,065 households and a population of 481,106 with an average 4.41 people per household. Among the population, 110,625 (22.99%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. The population density was 107 people per km2. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 63.74%, compared to the national average of 74.80%. The sex ratio of the district was at 105 males for 100 females. Approximately, 40.41% of the population lived in urban areas.[9][4]

Tribal children

As per the 2022 census, there were 283,123 (58.85%) Bengalis and 197,983 (41.15%) minorities (calledUpojati) people in the district.[10][3] The population of major ethnic minorities living in the district besides the Bengalis, are:Marma: 84,170,Mro/Murong 51,448,Tripura 22,572,Tanchangya 14,889,Bom 11,854,Chakma 3,712,Khumi 3,287,Chak 2,662,Khyang 2,502.

Ethnicity in Bandarban District (2022)[9]
  1. Bengali 58.85 (58.8%)
  2. Marma 17.5 (17.5%)
  3. Mro 10.69 (10.7%)
  4. Tripura 4.69 (4.69%)
  5. Tanchangya 3.09 (3.09%)
  6. Bom 2.46 (2.46%)
  7. Chakma 0.77 (0.77%)
  8. Khumi 0.68 (0.68%)
  9. Chak 0.55 (0.55%)
  10. Khyang 0.52 (0.52%)
  11. Others 0.21 (0.21%)

Bengalis

[edit]

According to the 2022 census,Bengalis are the largest ethnic group in Bandarban District (58.85%).

They are largest ethnic group inNaikhongchhari Upazila (83.48%),Lama Upazila (76.22%),Alikadam Upazila (60.64%) andBandarban Sadar Upazila (56.97%).[9]

UpazilaPopulationPercentage of Bengalis[9]
Naikhongchhari Upazila63,84183.48%
Lama Upazila106,46876.22%
Alikadam Upazila38,68760.64%
Bandarban Sadar Upazila63,29256.97%
Ruma Upazila4,23513.02%
Thanchi Upazila3,68712.38%
Rowangchhari Upazila2,91310.51%

Marmas

[edit]

According to the 2022 census,Marmas are the second largest ethnic group in Bandarban District (17.50%).

They are the largest ethnic group inRowangchhari Upazila (49.48%),Thanchi Upazila (31.37%) andRuma Upazila (31.04%).[9]

UpazilaPopulationPercentage of Marmas[9]
Rowangchhari Upazila13,71649.48%
Thanchi Upazila9,34531.37%
Ruma Upazila10,09731.04%
Bandarban Sadar Upazila26,62823.97%
Lama Upazila15,81911.32%
Naikhongchhari Upazila4,7086.16%
Alikadam Upazila3,8576.05%

Mrus

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According to the 2022 census,Mru (Murong) are the third largest ethnic group in Bandarban District (10.69%).

They are the second largest ethnic group inAlikadam Upazila (23.77%),Thanchi Upazila(23.57%) andRuma Upazila (22%).[9]

Tribal Mro people holding traditional pipes in their hands, Bandarban (1950)
UpazilaPopulationPercentage of Mrus[9]
Alikadam Upazila15,16823.77%
Thanchi Upazila7,02123.57%
Ruma Upazila7,15722.00%
Lama Upazila10,7817.72%
Bandarban Sadar Upazila7,2806.55%
Rowangchhari Upazila1,6856.08%
Naikhongchhari Upazila2,3563.08%

Tripura

[edit]

According to the 2022 census,Tripuras are fourth largest ethnic group in Bandarban District (4.69%).[9]

UpazilaPopulationPercentage of Tripuras[9]
Thanchi Upazila6,33621.27%
Ruma Upazila2,9138.95%
Rowangchhari Upazila2,1437.73%
Alikadam Upazila3,4525.41%
Lama Upazila5,7554.12%
Bandarban Sadar Upazila1,7711.59%
Naikhongchhari Upazila2020.26%

Tanchangyas

[edit]

According to the 2022 census,Tanchangyas are the fifth largest ethnic group in Bandarban District (3.09%).

They are the second largest ethnic group inRowangchhari Upazila(14.39%).[9]

UpazilaPopulationPercentage of Tanchangyas[9]
Rowangchhari Upazila3,99014.39%
Bandarban Sadar Upazila5,6055.05%
Naikhongchhari Upazila2,8813.77%
Alikadam Upazila1,9773.10%
Others<100<1%

Boms

[edit]

According to the 2022 census, there are 12,311 Bom in CHT. Among them, 11854 (96.29%) Boms live in Bandarban District, constituting 2.46% of district's population.

They are third largest ethnic groups inRuma Upazila (19.89%).[9]

UpazilaPopulationPercentage of Boms[9]
Ruma Upazila6,47019.89%
Rowangchhari Upazila1,8826.79%
Bandarban Sadar Upazila2,7482.47%
Thanchi Upazila6852.30%
Others<100<1%

Chakmas

[edit]

According to the 2022 census, there are 3,713 Chakma in Bandarban district.[9]

UpazilaPopulationPercentage of Chakmas[9]
Bandarban Sadar Upazila1,6641.50%
Alikadam Upazila5740.90%
Thanchi Upazila4881.64%
Lama Upazila3550.25%
Ruma Upazila3050.94%
Rowangchhari Upazila1910.69%
Naikhongchhari Upazila1350.18%

Khumi

[edit]

According to the 2022 census, there are 3,287 Khumis inBandarban district.[9]

UpazilaPopulationPercentage of Khumis[9]
Thanchi Upazila1,8296.14%
Ruma Upazila8902.74%
Rowangchhari Upazila4361.57%
Others<100

Chaks

[edit]

According to the 2022 census, there are 2,662 Chaks inBandarban district.

They are mainly concentrated inNaikhongchhari Upazila, constituting 3.05% of the upazila's population.[9]

Khyangs

[edit]

According to the 2022 census, there are 1,670 Khyangs in Bandarban district.[9]

UpazilaPopulationPercentage of Khyangs[9]
Bandarban Sadar Upazila1,3101.18%
Rowangchhari Upazila6522.35%
Thanchi Upazila3591.20%
Ruma Upazila1580.49%
Others<100

Religion

[edit]
Religion in the Bandarban District (2022)[3][10]
  1. Islam (52.74%)
  2. Buddhism (29.53%)
  3. Christianity (9.78%)
  4. Hinduism (3.43%)
  5. Other (4.52%)
Religion in present-day Bandarban District[a]
ReligionPopulation (1941)[11]: 104–105 Percentage (1941)Population (2022)[10]Percentage (2022)
Tribal[b]57,79394.50%N/AN/A
Islam2,5954.24%253,75652.74%
Buddhism------142,05729.53%
Hinduism3690.60%16,5013.43%
Christianity00.00%47,0549.78%
Others[c]3990.65%21,7384.52%
Total Population61,156100%481,106100%

The religious composition of the population in 2022 was 52.74% Muslim, 29.53% Buddhist, 9.78% Christian, 3.43% Hindu and 4.52% others.[10] Religious institutions is Mosque 2,070, Buddhist 1500 (256 temples, 644 pagodas),Hindu temple 194 and Church 2.[12]

Islam

[edit]

According to 2022 census, Islam is the largest religion in Bandarban District(52.74%).

UpazilaDistrictPercentage of Islam[3]
Naikhongchhari UpazilaBandarban District79.38%
Lama UpazilaBandarban District71.65%
Alikadam UpazilaBandarban District54.71%
Bandarban Sadar UpazilaBandarban District45.77%
Thanchi UpazilaBandarban District8.80%
Rowangchhari UpazilaBandarban District7.87%
Ruma UpazilaBandarban District7.38%

Buddhism

[edit]

According to 2022 census, Buddhism is the second largest in Bandarban District(29.53%).

UpazilaDistrictPercentage of Buddhism[3]
Rowangchhari UpazilaBandarban District67.58%
Thanchi UpazilaBandarban District42.34%
Ruma UpazilaBandarban District36.80%
Bandarban Sadar UpazilaBandarban District36.49%
Alikadam UpazilaBandarban District30.54%
Naikhongchhari UpazilaBandarban District19.41%
Lama UpazilaBandarban District17.09%

Christianity

[edit]

According to 2022 census, Christianity is third largest religion inBandarban district(9.78%).

UpazilaDistrictPercentage of Christianity[3]
Ruma UpazilaBandarban District37.32%
Thanchi UpazilaBandarban District34.43%
Rowangchhari UpazilaBandarban District17.83%
Alikadam UpazilaBandarban District6.51%
Lama UpazilaBandarban District6.24%
Bandarban Sadar UpazilaBandarban District5.83%
Naikhongchhari UpazilaBandarban District0.49%

Hinduism

[edit]

According to 2022 census, Hinduism is fourth largest religion inKhagrachhari district(16.76%),Rangamati district(5.11%) and fourth largest inBandarban district(3.43%). Hinduism is the second largest religion in all other districts of Bangladesh except CHT.

UpazilaDistrictPercentage of Hinduism[3]
Bandarban Sadar UpazilaBandarban District7.85%
Alikadam UpazilaBandarban District3.03%
Lama UpazilaBandarban District2.92%
Ruma UpazilaBandarban District1.71%
Thanchi UpazilaBandarban District1.55%
Rowangchhari UpazilaBandarban District0.76%
Naikhongchhari UpazilaBandarban District0.70%

Subdistricts

[edit]

Tourism

[edit]

TheIndia - Myanmar Sabroom - Cox's Bazar railway link has been proposed to connect Sabroom - Khargachari - Rangamati - Bandarban - Satkania - Cox's Bazar and another rail link connecting Bandarban toTuipang, India.

Bandarban lies, by bus, eight hours away fromDhaka, two hours fromChittagong and three hours fromCox's Bazar. It is also possible to get there by a six-hour bus ride fromRangamati. TheBuddha Dhatu Jadi, the Buddhist temple in Bangladesh, located in Balaghata, 4 km from the town. This place attracts many tourists every year. ThisTheravada Buddhist temple is made completely in the style of South-East Asia and houses the second largest statue of theBuddha in Bangladesh. The waterfall named Shoilo Propat at Milanchari is another place tourists like to visit. The numerous Buddhist temples, known askyang in local tongue, and bhihars in the town include the highly notable the Rajvihar (royal vihar) at Jadipara and the Ujanipara Bhihar. Bawm villages around Chimbuk, and Mru villages a little further off, are also lie within aday's journey from the town. Prantik Lake, Jibannagar and Kyachlong Lake are some more places of interest. Boat ride on the river Shangu is one of the main attractions here for tourists.

Starting on January 7, 2015 the Home Ministry has enforced the provision of "no free passes" for foreigners visiting the three Chittagong Hill Tracts districts – Rangamati, Khagrachhari and Bandarban. As a result, foreigners need to submit an application to the Home Ministry a month ahead for their scheduled visit.[13]

Notable persons

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Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Bandarban, Ruma, Lama and Nakhyngchari thanas of Chittagong Hill Tracts district
  2. ^'Tribal' was used as a blanket term for religious traditions of all tribes, and many of these tribes followed a more mainstream religion.
  3. ^IncludingJainism,Zoroastrianism,Judaism,Ad-Dharmis, or not stated

References

[edit]
  1. ^"List of Deputy Commissioners". Archived fromthe original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved2 April 2021.
  2. ^"Bandarban District Hill Council".Bangladesh National Portal. Retrieved26 March 2021.
  3. ^abcdefghPopulation and Housing Census 2022 - District Report: Bandarban(PDF). District Series. Dhaka:Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. June 2024.ISBN 978-984-475-276-4.
  4. ^abcPopulation and Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report.Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. August 2022. pp. viii, 29, 38, 45.ISBN 978-984-35-2977-0.
  5. ^"Sub-national HDI". Retrieved18 March 2020.
  6. ^Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan;Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012)."Bandarban District".Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.ISBN 984-32-0576-6.OCLC 52727562.OL 30677644M. Retrieved26 March 2025.
  7. ^Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan;Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012)."Chittagong Hill Tracts".Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.ISBN 984-32-0576-6.OCLC 52727562.OL 30677644M. Retrieved26 March 2025.
  8. ^"Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Bandarban"(PDF).Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
  9. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuPopulation and Housing Census 2022 - District Report: Bandarban(PDF).Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. June 2024. pp. xiii–xiv,202–206.ISBN 978-984-475-276-4.
  10. ^abcd"Population Census 2022: A CHT demographic analysis – parbattanews : E…". 26 August 2024. Archived fromthe original on 26 August 2024.
  11. ^"Census of India, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province"(PDF).
  12. ^"Is this the Bangladesh we wanted? Analyzing the Hindu Population Gap (2001-2011)". 12 April 2014.
  13. ^Tanzimuddin Khan, Mohammad (12 June 2015)."Securitisation of tourism in CHT".New Age (Bangladesh). Retrieved8 April 2016.

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Lonely Planet Bangladesh (Lonely Planet Bangladesh) by Richard Plunkett, et al.
  • "Lonely Planet".
  • Identity Politics in Central Asia and the Muslim World (Library of International Relations *Vol. 13) by Willem van Schendel (Editor), Erik J. Zurcher (Editor)
  • Deforestation, Environment, and Sustainable Development: A Comparative Analysis by Dhirendra K. Vajpeyi (Editor)
  • Minorities, Peoples AndSelf-determination: Essays in Honour of Patrick Thornberry byNazila Ghanea (Editor)
  • Brauns, Claus-Dieter, "The Mrus: Peaceful Hillfolk of Bangladesh",National Geographic Magazine, February 1973, Vol 143, No 1

External links

[edit]
Bandarban at Wikipedia'ssister projects
Upazilas/thanas
Flag of Bangladesh
Barisal Division
Divisions of Bangladesh
Chittagong Division
Dhaka Division
Khulna Division
Mymensingh Division
Rajshahi Division
Rangpur Division
Sylhet Division
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