Borić | |
|---|---|
| Ban of Bosnia[b] | |
| Office | fl. 1154–1163 |
| Predecessor | Ladislaus II of Hungary 1137–1159 asDuke of Bosnia |
| Successor | Stephen IV of Hungary 1165–1180 asKing of Hungary |
| Born | before 1154 |
| Died | after 1163 |
| Noble family | Boričević (as progenitor) |
| Issue | Ban Kulin[1] |
| Occupation | head of state |
Borić[a] (fl. 1154–63) was the first known by nameBan of Bosnia,[b] and progenitor ofBoričević royal house. He was appointed Ban of Bosnia in 1154, during Byzantine-Hungarian conflicts, nominally a Hungarian vassal, he was last mentioned in 1163.
Borić is mentioned by Byzantine Greek historianJohn Kinnamos in his history book covering years 1118–1176, where he was referred as Hungarian ally, not a vassal as often considered by historiography.[2] The first certain mention regards 1154, when the Byzantine-Hungarian war was underway, with engagements in theDanube area. Hungarian kingGéza II surrounded Byzantine-heldBraničevo [sr] (in Serbia) and devastated the surrounding area. Part of this Hungarian force was Hungarian vassal Borić, theban of Bosnia, and aBohemian detachment. Kinnamos described Borić as "exarch (governor) of the land/country of Bosnia". When the Hungarian forceraised the siege of Braničevo and headed west forBelgrade, Byzantine emperorManuel I Komnenos sent adetachment to attack the Bosnian troops. However, that Byzantine detachment clashed with the main Hungarian force and was decisively defeated.[3][4]
It is uncertain how and when Borić came to rule Bosnia. According toVladimir Ćorović, he was not a native Bosnian; it is believed that his origins should have been trace inSlavonia, in the Grabarje area inžupaPožega.[2] As Hungary became the overlord of Bosnia in the 1130s, and it has been claimed in historiography that Borić was appointed governor in Bosnia as a Hungarian vassal, and was obliged to participate in the march on Braničevo.[3][4][5] However, currently it is believed that he was an ally of the Hungarians not a vassal.[2]
There is no mention of Borić until 1163, by which time Géza II was deceased (31 May 1162[6]) and there was a civil war in Hungary regarding the inheritance of the throne – Géza's brothersLadislaus andStephen IV rose up against crowned heirStephen III.[7] Ladislaus managed to gain the throne, but he died shortly afterwards (14 January 1163[8]), upon which Stephen IV took it with Byzantine help.[7] Borić supported Stephen IV, presumably due to assurance that Stephen IV would, as a Byzantine protege, stand.[7] In 1163 atEsztergom, Stephen IV issued a charter in which he confirmedbanBeloš's decision that the Dubrava forest belongs to theBishopric of Zagreb; among witnesses were Borić, listed after Beloš, a Hungarian court member andpalatine, and before othercounts.[7] Also, with the permit of Stephen IV, Borić in 1162–63 gifted the village of Zdelje (Esdel) to theTemplars in Slavonia, later confirmed by kingsBéla III andAndrew II (in 1209), as part of further gifts of his descendants.[9]
In 1163, the intended heir Stephen III defeated Stephen IV and eventually plead to Byzantium.[10] The new king then chased after Stephen IV's supporters–and his enemies–includingban Borić.[10]Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum (ca. 1282–85) says that a "miles (soldier) Gotfridus" went after the lord of Bosnia, whom he defeated, on the order of the Hungarian king.[10] After this, mentions of Borić in Bosnia disappear.[10] From ca. 1166, Bosnia was a Byzantine province.[11]
Borić's descendants are sometimes referred to as theBoričević. He had sons, Borić and Pavao, and his grandsons were called Odola, Čelk and Borić.[12][c] The extended family also included Detmar and Benedikt (also called Borić).[12] In the 13th century his descendants had possessions on both sides of the riverSava, in the eastern and western parts of what is now thePožega County.[12]
An undated charter of Borić to the Benedictine monastery onLokrum was proven to be a forgery from the 13th century.[13]
Међутим, један од познијих писаца (Синиша у Летопису Матице српске, књ. 151) вели, такође, да је Ана била кћи босанскога бана Борића. Али ту узима да су бан Борић и Борис, син Коломана I, краља угарског, једно лице, те би по томе Ана била кћи Бориса Коломановића, а унука кра- ља утарског Коломана I. Али се јасно зна да је Борис Коломановић погинуо 1154. године у борби с Кумани- ма, а бан Борић помиње се још у животу 1 163. године.
Βορίτζης ό Βόσθνης χώρας έξάρχων
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| First Renewal of statehood | Ban of Bosnia fl. 1154–1163 | Vacant Byzantine rule Title next held by Kulin |