Human settlement
Cities of ancient Lycia Balbura orBalboura (Ancient Greek :Βάλβουρα ) was a town ofancient Lycia , the site of which is at Çölkayiği. The acropolis hill is about 90 metres above the plain of Katara.
The site was discovered by Hoskyn and Forbes.
The ruins occupy a considerable space on two hills on both sides of a stream.
The city wall still stands on the northern hill up to 2.4 m high, with a stretch of polygonal masonry 1.8 m thick.
There are two theatres; one is on the south side of the acropolis hill, and the other is in a hollow which formed thecavea , in the front of the mountain on the south side of the stream. The former is of unusual construction as the cavea is interrupted in the centre by a large block of natural rock with the ends of the rows of seats attached.
A triple-arched gate is dedicated toSeptimius Severus andGeta .
There are also remains of several temples and of Christian churches.
Balbura was a member of a tetrapolis headed byKibyra , formed in the 2nd c. BC and dissolved 82 BC,[ 1] Lycian League .
Balbura was part of a district called Cabalia,[ 2] Strabo with two other cities,Bubon andOenoanda .
The ethnic name Βαλβουρεύς occurs on two inscriptions at least at Katara.[citation needed
Balbura minted coins during theHellenistic Age and during the reign ofCaligula .[ 3]
Balbura was abishopric early, asuffragan of themetropolitan see ofMyra , the capital of theRoman province of Lycia. The names of four of its bishops are recorded in extant documents. Hermaeus was at theFirst Council of Constantinople in 381.[ 4] Council of Chalcedon in 351.[ 5] [ 6] Byzantine Emperor Leo I the Thracian over the killing ofProterius of Alexandria .[ 7] Photian Council of Constantinople (879) .[ 8] [ 9] [ 10]
No longer a residential bishopric, Balbura is today listed by theCatholic Church as atitular see .[ 11]
^ Strab. 631 ^ Pliny .Naturalis Historia ^ Stillwell, Richard; MacDonald, William L.; McAlister, Marian Holland (1976)."The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites" . Princeton University Press. RetrievedDecember 9, 2014 . ^ Mansi,Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio , vol. III, col. 571. ^ Richard Price; Michael Gaddis (2005).The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon ISBN 9780853230397 ^ Mansi,Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio , vol. VI, coll. 948 and 1086. ^ Mansi,Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio , vol. VII, col. 580. ^ Mansi,Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio , vol. XVII-XVIII, col. 377. ^ Michel Lequien,Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus ^ Raymond Janin, v.Balbura , inDictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1 C. Naour:Nouvelles inscriptions de Balboura . In:Ancient Society 9 (1978) 165–185. Kent J. RigsbyAn imperial letter at Balbura . In:American Journal of Philology 100 (1979) 401–407. J. J. Coulton, N. P. Milner, A. T. Reyes:Balboura survey. Onesimos and Meleager . Part 1. In:Anatolian Studies 38 (1988) 121–145. Part 2: In:Anatolian Studies 39 (1989) 41–62. Lionel Bier:The lower theatre at Balboura . In:Anatolian Studies 40 (1990) 69-79 A. S. Hall, J. J. Coulton:A Hellenistic allotment list from Balboura in the Kibyratis . In:Chiron 20 (1990) 109–153. D. K. Money:Lions of the mountains. The sarcophagi of Balboura . In:Anatolian Studies 40 (1990) 29–54. N. P. Milner:Victors in the Meleagria and the Balbouran élite . In:Anatolian Studies 41 (1991) 23–62. C. H. Hallett, J. J. Coulton:The east tomb and other tomb buildings at Balboura . In:Anatolian Studies 43 (1993) 41–68. Lionel Bier:The upper theatre at Balboura . In:Anatolian Studies 44 (1994) 27–46. J. J. Coulton:The fortifications of Balboura . In:Revue des études anciennes 96 (1994) 329–335. Tyler Jo Smith :The Votive Reliefs from Balboura and its Environs , In:Anatolian Studies (1997) 3-49.Hansgerd Hellenkemper, Friedrich Hild:Lykien und Pamphylien ,Tabula Imperii Byzantini 8. Wien 2004, S. 477–479. public domain : Smith, William , ed. (1854–1857). "Balbura ".Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
36°57′19″N 29°34′52″E / 36.95522°N 29.581139°E /36.95522; 29.581139
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Balbura".Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.