BTS (Korean: 방탄소년단;RR: Bangtan Sonyeondan;lit. Bulletproof Boy Scouts), also known as theBangtan Boys, is a South Koreanboy band formed in 2010. The band consists ofJin,Suga,J-Hope,RM,Jimin,V, andJung Kook, who co-write or co-produce much of their material. Originally ahip hop group, they expanded their musical style to incorporate a wide range of genres, while their lyrics have focused on subjects including mental health, the troubles of school-age youth andcoming of age, loss, the journey towards self-love, individualism, and the consequences of fame and recognition. Their discography and adjacent work has also referenced literature, philosophy and psychology, and includes analternate universe storyline.
BTS debuted in 2013 underBig Hit Entertainment with the single album2 Cool 4 Skool. BTS released their first Korean and Japanese-language studio albums,Dark & Wild andWake Up respectively, in 2014. The group's second Korean studio album,Wings (2016), was their first to sell one million copies in South Korea. By 2017, BTS had crossed into the global music market and led theKorean Wave into the United States, becoming the first Korean ensemble to receive aGold certification from theRecording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for their single "Mic Drop", as well as the first act from South Korea to top theBillboard 200 with their studio albumLove Yourself: Tear (2018). In 2020, BTS became the fastest group sincethe Beatles to chart four US number-one albums in less than two years, withLove Yourself: Answer (2018) becoming the first Korean album certified Platinum by the RIAA; in the same year, they also became the first all-South Korean act to reach number one on both theBillboard Hot 100 andBillboard Global 200 with their Grammy-nominated single "Dynamite". Follow-up releases "Savage Love", "Life Goes On", "Butter", "Permission to Dance", and "My Universe" made them the fastest act to earn six US number-one singles since the Beatles in 1966.
On June 14, 2022, the group announced a scheduled pause in group activities to enable the members to complete their 18 months ofmandatory South Korean military service, with a reunion planned for 2025.[3] Jin, the eldest member, enlisted on December 13, 2022; the others followed in 2023.
Name
BTS stands for the Korean phraseBangtan Sonyeondan (Korean: 방탄소년단; Hanja: 防彈少年團), which translates literally to 'Bulletproof Boy Scouts'.[4] According to memberJ-Hope, the name signifies the group's desire "to block out stereotypes, criticisms, and expectations that aim on adolescents like bullets".[5][6] In Japan, they are known asBōdan Shōnendan (防弾少年団).[7] In July 2017, BTS announced that their name would also stand for "Beyond the Scene" as part of their newbrand identity.[8] This extended the meaning of their name to encompass the idea of growth "from a boy to an adult who opens the doors that are facing forward".[9]
BTS was formed in 2010, after Big Hit Entertainment CEOBang Si-hyuk wanted to form ahip hop group aroundRM (Kim Nam-joon), an underground rapper well known on the music scene inSeoul. At the time,physical album sales were on the decline and digital revenues were not yet high enough to compensate.[10] Seeing a need for diversified income streams, Bang decided to form an idol group instead, because of the potential for live concert performances and passionate support from fans of such groups. Many trainees refused to become part of an idol group, butJ-Hope, RM, andSuga remained.[10] Bang chose to vary from the usual, highly regimented idol groups and create one where the members would be individuals rather than an ensemble and free to express themselves.[11][12] Auditions were held in 2010 with plans to launch the following year.[13][14] The band members lived together, practicing up to 15 hours a day, and first performed before a small crowd of industry insiders in 2013.[15]
We started to tell the stories that people wanted to hear and were ready to hear, stories that other people could not or would not tell. We said what other people were feeling—like pain, anxieties and worries. That was our goal, to create this empathy that people can relate to.
BTS's representation by Big Hit, rather than one of the three agencies that dominated K-pop at the time, allowed the individual members leeway to express their individuality and have input into the music.[17] On June 12, 2013, BTS released their debutsingle album2 Cool 4 Skool, along with thelead single "No More Dream", neither of which sold particularly well at the time.[18] On June 13, 2013, BTS made their stage debut onM Countdown with the single, "No More Dream".[19] Nevertheless, according to Kathy Sprinkel in her book on BTS, that single was "spotlighting young people's anxiety in the face of lofty parental expectations, sent shock waves through the K-pop ranks. Here was a musical act that wasn't pulling any punches. More specifically, they had a point of view, and they weren't afraid to take on topics that are considered taboo in South Korean society and elsewhere."[20] The album reached the top five on South Korea's Gaon Music Chart.[21] In2 Cool 4 Skool, BTS employed an old-school hip-hop sound from the 1990s.[22][23] The album's release was followed by appearances on Korean music shows, which caught the attention of reviewers and viewers.[24][25]
In September 2013, BTS released the second entry in their "school trilogy": theEP,O!RUL8,2?. The album was released alongside the single "N.O."[26][27] Similarly to2 Cool 4 Skool, the new release had a theme of students feeling under pressure and needing to sacrifice their dreams and aspirations.[26] According to scholar Kyung Hyun Kim, many of BTS's earlier works such as "N.O." and "No More Dreams" were "expressions of rebellion against the establishment that tapped into Korean teenagers' frustrations with the country's educational system" and, he stated, helped them build a fan base among young people in North America and Europe.[28] That same month, BTS starred in their own variety show,SBS MTV'sRookie King Channel Bangtan, in which members parodied variety shows such asVJ Special Forces andMasterChef Korea.[29] At the end of the year, BTS was recognized with several New Artist of the Year awards in South Korea.[30][31][32]
2014–2017
Skool Luv Affair and first concert tour
Exterior of the nightclubTroubadour (photo taken 2006) where BTS held their concert in the US for free
The last entry in BTS "school trilogy", theSkool Luv Affair EP, was released in February 2014.[33][34] The release topped theGaon Album Chart,[35] and appeared onBillboard'sWorld Albums Chart for the first time, peaking at number three.[33][36] The EP was supported by two singles: "Boy in Luv" and "Just One Day".[37] FollowingSkool Luv Affair's release, BTS played at their first fan meeting inSeoul, selecting the name A.R.M.Y. for the fan club.[38] In July 2014, BTS hosted a concert inWest Hollywood, their first show in the United States,[39] and in August, they appeared atKCON in Los Angeles.[40]
In August 2014, BTS released the albumDark & Wild, which reached number two in South Korea.[37][41] It was supported by two singles: "Danger" and "War of Hormone".[37] The group embarked on their firstconcert tour,2014 BTS Live Trilogy Episode II: The Red Bullet, which lasted from October to December 2014.[42] The band launched their first Japanese studio album,Wake Up, in December 2014; the release peaked at number three on theOricon Albums Chart.[43] After the album's release, BTS held their1st Japan Tour 2015 Wake Up: Open Your Eyes in February 2015.[44] The Red Bullet Tour that had begun on October 17, 2014, in South Korea was resumed on June 6, 2015, in Malaysia and toured Australia, North America and Latin America before ending in Hong Kong that August. In all, the entire tour attracted 80,000 spectators at 18 cities in 13 countries.[42][45]
BTS performing at KCON France in Paris on June 2, 2016
In November, BTS commenced their third concert tour,2015 BTS LIVE "The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: On Stage", beginning with three sold-out shows in Seoul. The tour marked the debut of their fourth EP,The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Part 2, and was later extended to Japan.[54][55] Thematically, the EP focused more on the serious and speculative aspects of youth, touching on the pursuit of success, loneliness, affection for their origins, and the suffering of the younger generation due to unfavorable conditions in current society.[56] The album topped the weekly Gaon Album andBillboard World Albums charts.[57][58] It also marked their first appearance on theBillboard 200 chart,[59] making it for one week at number 171,[60] and eight of the tracks appeared onBillboard's World Digital Song Sales chart.[61]
BTS win their first major Korean award for Album of the Year at the 2016 Melon Music Awards on November 19, 2016
In September 2016, BTS released their second Japanese studio albumYouth.[69] The album sold 44,547 copies on the first day of its release, and charted 1st in the Oricon Daily Album Chart.[70][71] The album was eventually certified Gold with sales of roughly over 100,000 in Japan.[72] It was followed one month later in October,[37] by their next studio albumWings, which combined the themes of youth presented in their previous "youth trilogy" with temptation and adversity.[73] The album and its tracks, including the single "Blood Sweat & Tears" immediately rose to the top on eight music charts, including the Gaon Music Chart, and led theiTunes album charts in 23 countries.[74][75]Wings opened at number 26 on theBillboard 200, with 16,000album-equivalent units in the US for the week of its release, the best week ever there for a K-pop album.[76] It became the best-selling album in Gaon Album Chart history.[77]
You Never Walk Alone andLove Yourself: Her
In February 2017, BTS released the repackaged edition ofWings entitledYou Never Walk Alone. The 700,000 pre-orders of it (an increase from the 500,000 pre-orders ofWings) helped break the record for most albums sold in a month in South Korea, as it reached 1.49 million copies by the end of its first month.[78][79] The lead single was "Spring Day"[37] and it won Best Song of the Year at the2017 Melon Music Awards.[80] BTS's second world tour,2017 BTS Live Trilogy Episode III: The Wings Tour, began in February.[81] On the tour, BTS played arenas in the US, such as New Jersey'sPrudential Center and California'sHonda Center. Tickets for the North American leg sold out within hours and two shows were added.[82][83] After completing the North American leg, BTS attended the24thBillboard Music Awards in May and wonTop Social Artist,[84] the first K-pop group to win a Billboard award.[85] BTS fans cast over 300million votes for the band and broke a six-year winning streak held byJustin Bieber, a performer with 100millionTwitter followers.[86] This caused the international media to focus on the ability of BTS's fandom to propel the group to such a victory.[86]
BTS at their press conference in Seoul, South Korea after winning Top Social Artist at the 24thBillboard Music Awards on May 29, 2017
BTS released a remake ofSeo Taiji's "Come Back Home" (1995) in July 2017, giving it new lyrics but maintaining the theme of urging societal change.[87] Later that year, BTS embarked on their "Love Yourself" album series, with theme of the enlightenment of self-love through the "起承轉結" (Korean: 기승전결;RR: Giseungjeongyeol) narrative sequence of "beginning, development, turn, and conclusion."[88] BTS released its first part, their fifth EP,Love Yourself: Her, on September 18.[85][89] RM considered "DNA", the lead single from that album,[90] as "taking BTS to new ground. We tried to apply new grammar and perspectives."[37] He said of the album, "I believe it's going to be the starting point of a second chapter of our career; the beginning of our Chapter Two."[91] Sonically, the EP served as "a dual exploration of the group's electro-pop and hip-hop leanings".[90]
BTS at the 45th American Music Awards shortly before making their US television debut on November 19, 2017
Love Yourself: Her debuted at number seven on theBillboard 200.[92] The album had 1,664,041 sales in May 2017 to lead the Gaon Chart,[93] and was the first in 16 years to exceed 1.2 million copies sold sinceg.o.d's fourth albumChapter 4 (2001).[94][95] "DNA" was released simultaneously with the EP, and its music video accumulated 21 million views in its first 24 hours.[96] It became BTS's first entry on theBillboard Hot 100, charting at number 85, making them the first K-pop boy band to reach that chart.[97] The single rose to number 67 the following week and became the highest-charting song on the Hot 100 for any K-pop group.[98] A remix of "Mic Drop" from the album, featuringDesiigner, was released as a single and peaked at number 28, the first time a K-pop group had cracked the top forty.[99][100] Both singles attained Gold certification from theRecording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in early 2018.[101] "Mic Drop" achieved Platinum status in the US later that year.[102]
In November 2017, BTS became the first K-pop group to perform at theAmerican Music Awards.[103][104] BTS wonArtist of the Year at the19th Mnet Asian Music Awards in December, winning for the second consecutive year.[105] They released "DNA" and "Mic Drop" together with a new song "Crystal Snow" as a single album in Japan on December 6, 2017, though the songs were made digitally available elsewhere.[37][106] It topped the Oricon Chart for the week of its release. It was the only album by a foreign artist to be certified Double Platinum in Japan in 2017.[107][108] Later that month, they made their Japanese television prime time music show debut onMusic Station Super Live,[109] and ended the year by performing onDick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve.[110][111]
In 2017, BTS partnered withUNICEF on the "Love Myself" campaign, intended to help end violence, abuse, and bullying, and to promote self-esteem and well-being among young people. Both Big Hit and the group pledged money to promote the campaign, and BTS sold special "Love Myself" merchandise and set up dedicated booths at concert venues. The campaign was renewed in 2021, with UNICEF deeming it to have been successful.[112]
2018–2020
Love Yourself album series
BTS won major awards at the Golden Disc and Seoul Music Awards in January 2018.[113][114] In March, the group premiered an eight-episode documentary titledBurn the Stage that offered a behind-the-scenes look at their 2017 Wings Tour, exclusively onYouTube Premium.[115][116] Their third Japanese studio album,Face Yourself, was released on April 4, 2018,[117] and quickly reached the top 5 of the U.S. iTunes Albums chart. A nine-minute short film, titledEuphoria: Theme of "Love Yourself: Wonder" and featuring the song "Euphoria", followed the next day as a prelude to the group's third Korean-language studio album,Love Yourself: Tear.[118] BTS promotedTear's May 18, 2018, release with an appearance at the25thBillboard Music Awards two days later,[119] where they made their initial BBMA performance with their single, "Fake Love".[120][121] The group also won Top Social Artist for a second consecutive time.[122][123] The album coincided with the "轉" or "turn" of the series, touching on the tortuous enlightenment of loving without being loved, the pains and sorrows of separation, and providing encouragement to those without dreams.[124]
BTS at their press conference forLove Yourself: Tear on May 24, 2018
Love Yourself: Tear debuted at number one its first week on theBillboard200, becoming BTS's first number-one album in the US and the first K-pop album to top the US albums chart.[125]It also became BTS's first top-10 release in Britain, reaching number eight on theUK Albums Chart.[126] "Fake Love" became BTS's top-10 single on the Hot100, the first time a song sung mostly in a language other than English had debuted in the top 10.[127]BTS released their compilation albumLove Yourself: Answer in August 2018.[128] The album was supported by the single "Idol" and its alternative digital release featuringNicki Minaj.[129][130]
Love Yourself: Answer sold over 1.9 million copies on the Gaon Album Chart in August2018.[131] The album became BTS's second number-one on theBillboard 200 and led to their highest US sales week in the country to that point with 185,000 album equivalent units.[132] In November 2018,Love Yourself: Answer became the first Korean language album to be certified Gold by the RIAA.[102] "Idol" andLove Yourself: Answer both received Platinum certifications in the US, with sales of more than 1million.[133]
New York City'sCiti Field, the venue for BTS's first stadium concert in the US, sold out in 20 minutes.[134]
In conjunction withLove Yourself: Answer's release in August2018, BTS commenced their world tour,BTS World Tour: Love Yourself, with two concerts in the Seoul Olympic Stadium, which sold out in a matter of seconds, as did others of the 22 shows in 12 countries.[135][136] In October, BTS released their collaboration with Steve Aoki "Waste It on Me", their first all-English language feature.[137][138] For the final stop of the North American leg, the group performed at Citi Field in New York City, marking the first time a Korean act performed at a US stadium.[139] According toStubHub, BTS was the second best-selling concert act outside the US, behind onlyEd Sheeran.[140] That October, BTS renewed their contract with Big Hit Entertainment through 2026.[141]
In early November 2018, a popular Japanese music show cancelled BTS's performance, citing a T-shirt a member wore the year before, bearing a photograph of amushroom cloud following thebombing of Nagasaki.[142] In the same month, the Jewish human rights organizationSimon Wiesenthal Center (SWC) stated that BTS owed an apology for that shirt, and for clothing and flags with Nazi symbolism.[143] Big Hit Entertainment issued an apology, explaining that the images were not intended to be hurtful to the victims ofNazism or atomic bombings and that the group and management would take steps to prevent future mistakes.[144] They also stated the flags were meant to be a commentary on the Korean school system.[145] The apology was accepted by SWC and the Korean Atomic Bomb Victim Association.[146][147] John Lie, in his scholarly article on BTS, opined that the Nazi incident showed that the group is not tightly controlled, as are other K-pop ensembles, whose every move seems scripted, and that the members have opinions and are not afraid to express them.[148]
At the20th Mnet Asian Music Awards, BTS won Artist of the Year and ranked number eight onBillboard's year-end Top Artist Chart and were also the number two act of the year in the Duo/Group ranking, only behindImagine Dragons.[149][150] They were also listed asone of the 50 most influential people by Bloomberg for their "willingness to address social issues, mental health, and politics, despite being in a genre often painted as bubble gum pop".[151]
Map of the Soul: Persona, stadium world tour andBTS World
In February 2019, BTS, for the first time, were presenters atthe Grammy Awards.[152][153] In April,Time named them one of theTime 100, the most influential people of 2019.[154] Their EP,Map of the Soul: Persona, was released on April12 with the single "Boy with Luv" (Korean: 작은 것들을 위한 시;RR: Jageun geotdeureul wihan si), featuring American singerHalsey.[155] The EP's release was followed by a performance onSaturday Night Live, the first K-pop act to appear there.[156]Map of the Soul: Persona became the first Korean-language album to reach the number one position in both the UK and Australia,[157][158] and the group's third album to top theBillboard200 in less than a year.[159]Map of the Soul: Persona became the best-selling album ever in South Korea in terms of physical copies sold, with more than 3.2 million sales in less than a month.[160][161] "Boy with Luv" debuted at number eight on theBillboard Hot 100 in April 2019, the highest placement ever for a K-pop song.[162]
Love Yourself: Her andLove Yourself: Tear both crossed 2 million copies in August.[178] All three albums of theLove Yourself series have sold more than 2 million copies each in South Korea.[179]Love Yourself: Tear gained silver certification by the BPI for sales in the UK, becoming their third album to do so followingLove Yourself: Answer andMap of the Soul: Persona.[180] For the final stop of their record-breaking Love Yourself: Speak Yourself World Tour, the group played Seoul's Olympic Stadium.[181] BTS was the third top-grossing touring musical act of 2019.[182] That same month, they released a remix version of the song "Make It Right" featuringLauv.[183] In November, BTS won three times at the2019 American Music Awards, for Best Tour, Favorite Duo or Group – Pop/Rock, and Favorite Social Artist (the second consecutive year).[184]
In December, they attended both the2019 Melon Music Awards and the2019 Mnet Asian Music Awards. In each case, they became the first group to sweep the four major awards.[185][186][187] At the34th Golden Disc Awards, BTS became the first artists in history to win grand prizes in both the physical and digital categories in a single year.[188]Map of the Soul: Persona was named the second best-selling physical album of 2019 in the US byNielsen Music behindTaylor Swift'sLover and was ranked sixth overall on the chart of Top10 Albums (Total Sales) in the US.[189] BTS wrapped 2019 as the fourth-highest-ranked group onBillboard's TopBillboard 200 Artists–Duo/Group ranking, behindQueen, Imagine Dragons and the Beatles.[190]Map of the Soul: Persona was named as the third best-selling album of 2019 by theInternational Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), making BTS the first Korean artist to be listed on the Global Top10 Album Chart in consecutive years.[191][192][193] The IFPI named BTS as one of the best-selling artists of 2019 for a second consecutive year, making them the first non-English speaking act to achieve this.[194][195]
Map of the Soul: 7, "Dynamite" andBe
In January 2020, BTS released "Black Swan" along with a choreography art film performed by MN Dance Company of Slovenia as the first single from their albumMap of the Soul: 7.[196][197] Album distributorDreamus reported that stock pre-orders of the album reached a record-breaking 4.02 million.[198] Later that month, BTS performed at the62nd Annual Grammy Awards, making BTS the first Korean act to perform at the Grammys.[199][200]Map of the Soul: 7 was released on February 21 to favorable reviews.[201][202] The album was supported by the single "On" and an alternative digital release of it featuring Australian singerSia.[203] According toGaon Chart,Map of the Soul: 7 sold over 4.1 million copies in nine days after its release, surpassingMap of the Soul: Persona to become the best-selling album in South Korean history and the first album to be certified quadruple million.[204] The album debuted atop the USBillboard 200, making BTS the fastest group to earn four number one albums sincethe Beatles in 1966–1968.[205] "On" debuted at number four on theBillboard Hot 100, giving BTS its first top-five hit, and the most Hot 100 top-10 entries of any Korean act, with three.[206] BTS planned to support theMap of the Soul album series with a concert series,Map of the Soul Tour, beginning in April,[207] but this was indefinitely postponed due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.[208]
In April 2020, BTS became the first K-pop artist to sell more than 20 million albums cumulatively,[209] making them the best-selling artist in South Korean history.[179][210] That month, amid the pandemic restrictions, BTS held a two-day online streaming concert event titledBang Bang Con, where the group shared footage of past concerts on their YouTube channel.[211] On June 7, BTS headlined YouTube'sDear Class of 2020 online graduation event, performing "Boy with Luv", "Spring Day", and "Mikrokosmos".[212] Their commencement speeches highlighted their own graduations and offered "messages of hope and inspiration for the class of 2020 in both Korean and English".[213] On June 14, BTS held an online live concert,Bang Bang Con: The Live, as part of the seventh anniversary of their debut.[214] It garnered peak viewership of 756,000live viewers in 107countries and territories, setting the record for the largest audience for a paid virtual concert.[215][216] On June 19, BTS released the Japanese single, "Stay Gold", from their fourth Japanese album,Map of the Soul: 7 – The Journey, which was released worldwide on July 14.[217][218] It surpassed 564,000copies in its first week, breaking the record for highest first week album sales by male foreign artists in Japan.[219]
BTS released their first English-language single, "Dynamite", on August 21.[220] "Dynamite" debuted at number one on the USBillboard Hot 100 chart, earning BTS their first chart topper and making them the first all-South Korean act to earn a number one single in the US.[221][222] The single also toppedBillboard's newGlobal 200 for the week ending September 24, as well asGlobal Excluding US charts, becoming the first single to top both simultaneously.[223] "Dynamite" peaked at number five on the USMainstream Top 40 and on the.Billboard Pop Singles chart, becoming their first Top 10 on each and the former the highest-charting entry by a Korean act.[224][225] On August 31, BTS made theirMTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) debut with the first live performance of "Dynamite"[226] and won four awards: Best Group, Best Choreography, Best Pop Video, and Best K-pop (the last three for their music video for "On").[227] On October 14, they performed the single at the 2020Billboard Music Awards and won the Top Social Artist award for a fourth consecutive year.[228][229]
On October 2, 2020, BTS released a remix ofJawsh 685 andJason Derulo's single "Savage Love (Laxed – Siren Beat)".[230] It topped the Hot 100.[231] On October 10 and 11, BTS hosted a two-day virtualpay-per-view concert at KSPO Dome in Seoul, calledMap of the Soul ON:E, which drew 993,000 viewers from 191 countries and territories.[232][233][234] On November 20, BTS released their fifth Korean studio albumBe, led by the single "Life Goes On".[235] "Life Goes On" debuted at number one on the Hot 100,[236] BTS's third consecutive US number-one single in three months and the first song performed primarily in Korean to top the chart.[237][238]
On March 4, 2021, the IFPI named BTS its Global Recording Artist of the Year for 2020, the first Asian and first non-English speaking act to top the ranking.[243] BTS occupied three spots in the Global Album Sales Chart of 2020, withMap of the Soul: 7 at number one,Be (Deluxe Edition) at number two, andMap of the Soul: 7–The Journey at number eight.[244] On the newly launched Global Album All Format Chart,Map of the Soul: 7 claimed first place andBe (Deluxe Edition) claimed fourth.[245] On March 14, 2021, BTS performed "Dynamite" at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards, becoming the first Korean nominee to perform, though they did not win the award.[246] On April 1, BTS released "Film Out", the first single from their then-upcoming Japanese compilation album,BTS, the Best.[247] BTS held a two-day online streaming event on their YouTube channel beginning April 17, titledBang Bang Con 21, and aired three of their previous in-person concerts.[248]
On May 21, BTS released their second English-language single, "Butter".[249] It debuted at number one on the Hot 100—their fourth number one in nine months—making them the quickest act to achieve four chart-toppers sinceJustin Timberlake in 2006, and the fastest group sincethe Jackson 5 in 1970.[250] Their next English-language single, "Permission to Dance", was released on July 9.[251] It became BTS's eighth number-one on theDigital Songs chart, extending their record as the group with the most number-one entries on the ranking.[252] On September24, 2021, the band released the single "My Universe" withColdplay.[253] The single debuted at number one on the Hot 100, making it the first collaboration between two groups to debut at number one.[254] On October 4, 2021, "My Universe" became BTS' sixth Hot 100 number one, achieving the fastest accumulation of six chart-toppers since The Beatles in 1964–1966.[255][256] The band held an online concert, titledPermission to Dance on Stage, on October 24, 2021, in Seoul.[257] On November 23, "Butter" earned a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the64th Annual Grammy Awards.[258][259] Between November 27 and December 2, BTS held their first live performances before an in-person audience since before the pandemic. The band playedfour sold-out shows atSoFi Stadium in Los Angeles as a continuation of their Permission to Dance on Stage concert series.[260][261][262]
On January 15, 2022, a fictionalwebtoon based on BTS, titled7Fates: Chakho, was released. The comic surpassed 15million views globally in its first two days of availability and became the highest-viewed title ever launched byWebtoon.[263][264] The band held three limited-capacity concerts at Seoul Olympic Stadium on March 10, 12 and 13—the largest music gatherings[a] approved by the South Korean government since the pandemic restrictions were imposed—with a total audience of 45,000people.[265][266] On April 3, BTS performed "Butter" at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards,[259] though the song did not win the award for which it was nominated.[267] On April 8, the band earned seven nominations at the2022Billboard Music Awards[268] and won three, making them the most-nominated and the most-awarded group in the show's history.[269][270]
On June 10, 2022, BTS released their three-CDanthology albumProof.[271][272][273] On June 14, during their ninth anniversary celebrations, the band announced a temporary suspension of group activities to focus on solo projects and other endeavors.[274][275] Hybe Corporation, which owns Big Hit,[276] clarified in subsequent statements that BTS was neither disbanding nor going on hiatus, but would be actively furthering their individual careers with the label's full support while still participating in group activities, including the filming ofRun BTS.[277][278] The incident caused Hybe Corporation's stock to decline rapidly, resulting in a decrease in market value of US$1.7billion.[279] On August 24,Billboard magazine reported that BTS would be performing inBusan on October 15 in a benefit concert in support of the city's efforts to have aWorld Exposition in 2030, participating under the bannerYet to Come.[280][281]
Military service and contract renewal
In spite of the announcement of the October 2022 benefit concert, Hybe Corporation's stock prices dropped to below its originalIPO amid continuing market speculation about the implications of the upcoming mandatorymilitary enlistment of the band's members.[282] Under South Korean laws, all able-bodied males must complete between 18 and 21 months of military service, usually by age 28.[280]Bloomberg News reported the concert as a success but also indicated that there were no further concert dates scheduled. It was estimated that if the band members completed their service, Hybe Corporation would lose nearly US$10 billion over ten years, with the loss to the South Korean economy at nearly US$39 billion.[283]
In October 2022, Big Hit confirmed that Jin, the band's oldest member, aged 29, had withdrawn his enlistment deferral request.[284] The other members planned to enlist later, with the group planning to reunite in 2025 following discharge.[285][286] At the end of October 2022, BTS earned five nominations for the2022 MAMA Awards, with the band members receiving eight further nominations as solo artists.[287] On November 15, BTS earned three nominations at the65th Annual Grammy Awards, including a nomination forBest Music Video for "Yet to Come".[288] "My Universe" was nominated for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance, making BTS the only act to be nominated three years in a row in this category since its introduction in 2011.[288] The band was also nominated forAlbum of the Year as featured artists on Coldplay'sMusic of the Spheres.[288] Jin enlisted as an active duty soldier on December 13.[289] On February 26, 2023, Big Hit announced that J-Hope had requested cancellation of the postponement of his military service.[290]
Following their scheduled separation, the band'sBTS 'Yet to Come' in Busan concert film was released on February 1, 2023.[291] During a trip to Spain, RM toldEFE that BTS "will come together again when we finish our military service, and we will look for new synergies between us to enter a second phase."[292] Hybe chairman Bang Si-hyuk stated on March 15, 2023, that their comeback might not occur in 2025 since it was hard to target a specific date, and that they had not discussed their contract renewal yet.[293] J-Hope enlisted as an active duty soldier on April 18.[294] On May 12, BTS released a soundtrack "The Planet" for the South Koreananimated seriesBastions.[295] To commemorate their tenth anniversary, the group released the song "Take Two" on June 9.[296]
On September 20, 2023, Hybe confirmed through a press release that BTS would renew their exclusive contracts. The members will sign these agreements sequentially, considering their military service, after a board resolution with Big Hit Music, solidifying their commitment to future projects starting from 2025 onwards. Hybe expressed their anticipation for supporting BTS' group endeavors and pledged unwavering support to enhance their worldwide influence, ensuring the group's continuity even after completing their military service.[297][298] On September 22, 2023, Suga enlisted as a social worker.[299] RM and V enlisted on December 11, 2023, followed by Jimin and Jungkook on December 12.[300] On June 12, 2024, Jin became the first BTS member to complete his mandatory military service and was officially discharged,[301] followed by J-Hope on October 17.[302]
Artistry
Influences
BTS member Jin (center) performingFreddie Mercury's "ay-oh" chant during their first concert atWembley Stadium on June 1, 2019
BTS have cited Seo Taiji and Boys,[303]Nas,Eminem,Kanye West,Drake,Post Malone,Charlie Puth, andDanger as musical inspirations.[304] They have also cited Queen as an influence, saying they "grew up watching videos ofLive Aid".[305] During their concert at Wembley Stadium in London, Jin paid tribute to Queen by leading the crowd in a version ofFreddie Mercury's "ay-oh" chant.[305] "Hip Hop Phile" which was released when BTS's hip-hop concept was at its height, pays homage to the artists who influenced them, including the South Korean groupEpik High,Jay-Z,Biggie,CL Smooth, and others.[306]
Since their inception, BTS have emphasized hip hop as their musical base, largely due to the influence of RM and Suga's background as underground rappers;[312] during early visits to the US, the group received mentoring from American rappers.[313]Bang Si-hyuk previously acknowledged that K-pop as a whole draws fromblack music,[314] and author Crystal S. Anderson stated, "BTS's rising popularity in the US represents the continuation of the ways that K-pop functions as part of a global R&B tradition."[315] T.K. Park and Youngdae Kim ofVulture deemed the track "Outro: Her" fromLove Yourself: Her as the best example of the group's understanding ofold-school hip hop, with raps inspired byChuck D andTupac and jazzy chords from the 1990s to create a classic hip hop sound.[316]
The release of "Blood Sweat & Tears" in 2016 accelerated BTS's transition from a hip hop to a pop group. Park and Kim noted that the song draws fromdancehall,reggaeton, andmoombahton but opts for a "baroque mysticism" rather than the "partylike atmosphere of its influences".[316] The group also began incorporating traditional Korean elements into their music. For example, their single "Idol" (2018) features an adlib fromPansori, a Korean form of operatic storytelling, and vocal imitations of the sounds of Koreanjanggu drums.[319]
Since their formation, BTS have believed that telling their own stories is the best way for the younger generation to relate to their music.[329] Writing many of their own lyrics,[330][331] the group discusses universal life experiences such as sadness and loneliness in their work and turn them into something lighter and more manageable. RM stated that BTS tries to avoid a preaching or reprimanding tone in their songs "because that's not the way that we want to spread our message ... We're born with different lives, but you cannot choose some things. So we thought that love, the real meaning of it, starts with loving ourselves and accepting some ironies and some destinies that we have from the very start."[332] When asked if it is difficult to write about things like mental health, Suga responded,
We feel that people who have the platform to talk about those things really should talk more, because they say depression is something where you go to the hospital and you're diagnosed, but you can't really know until the doctor talks to you ... More and more, I think artists or celebrities who have a voice should talk about these problems and bring it up to the surface.[332]
Themes explored in BTS's discography range from exploring "the troubles and anxieties of school-age youth" to "themes like love, friendship, loss, death, and more".[333] Early BTS songs, such as "No More Dream" and "N.O" from their school trilogy, were described by Tamar Herman as motivated by personal experiences with South Korea's rigid approach to education and called for change to the educational system and societal expectations.[334] The members' experiences with South Korean youth culture also inspired the songs "Dope" and "Silver Spoon" (Korean: 뱁새;RR: Baepsae) from their youth trilogy. These songs reference generational disparity andmillennials giving up romantic relationships, marriage, children, proper employment, homes, and social life in the face of economic difficulties and societal ills while facing condemnation from the media and older generations.[334] The group's label dubbedThe Most Beautiful Moment in Life: Young Forever, the conclusion to their youth trilogy, "a special album that marks the conclusion of the epic journey of the series, containing the last stories told by young people who, despite an uncertain and insecure reality (The Most Beautiful Moment in Life Pt. 1) continue to surge forward (The Most Beautiful Moment in Life Pt. 2)."[335]Wings focused on mental health, criticisms of the K-pop "idol" scene, and delivering a female empowerment message.[336] TheLove Yourself series introduced new themes regarding youth culture in South Korea, including the excitement of love, pain of farewell, and enlightenment of self-love.[337] According to Kathy Sprinkel, BTS's 2020 "quarantine album"Be "chronicles the group's coming to terms with a suddenly new reality and offers support for their listeners going through the same upheaval and uncertainty".[338]
BTS's lyrics have also addressed topics outside youth culture. The song "Am I Wrong" fromWings questioned societal apathy towards changing the status quo; the lyric "We're all dogs and pigs / we become dogs because we're angry" appeared to reference South KoreanMinistry of Education official Na Hyang-wook, who advocated acaste system for the country and who reportedly described average people as "dogs and pigs". BTS released the song amid the2016 South Korean political scandal that resulted in the impeachment of presidentPark Geun-hye.[334] RM and Suga's personal struggles with mental health have inspired some of their music.[332][316] "Not Today" from 2017'sYou Never Walk Alone is ananti-establishment anthem, urging "all the underdogs in the world" to keep fighting,[339] and "Spring Day" honored the victims of theSewol Ferry tragedy.[340] Journalist Jeff Benjamin praised BTS inFuse for "speak[ing] honestly about topics they deem important, even in a conservative society".[341] Former South Korean presidentMoon Jae-in said: "Each of the seven members sings in a way that is true to himself and the life he wants to live. Their melody and lyrics transcend regional borders, language, culture, and institutions."[342]
For broader coverage of this topic, seeKorean Wave.
BTS performing at the Korea-France Friendship Concert in Paris on October 14, 2018
On April 29, 2019,Time magazine named BTS one of the100 most influential people of the year, labeling them the "Princes of Pop".[343]Billboard executive Silvio Pietroluongo compared the group's influence to that of the Beatles.[344]MRC Data executive Helena Kosinski noted that "although BTS weren't the first to open the doors to K-Pop worldwide, they were the first to become mainstream. They don't just appeal to young people but also to the 50s and 60s age demographic."[345] The first non-English speaking artist to make the Global Artist Chart in 2018, BTS was the second best-selling artists worldwide across multiple media platforms, second only to Drake.[346][347][348] In 2020, BTS became the first non-western and non-English speaking artist to be named IFPI's Global Recording Artist of the Year.[243] In South Korea, BTS accounted for 41.9 percent of album sales in the first half of 2019, up from their market share of 25.3 percent the previous year.[349]
In 2022, Youna Kim described BTS as having spearheaded the Korean Wave, representing the global expansion of Korean culture as effectively as Psy did in the previous decade and with the strength of influence that theAcademy Award-winning South Korean filmParasite had in 2020.[350] South Korea's central bank, theBank of Korea, found in 2021 that BTS, including a "ripple effect" that included increased tourism to South Korea; increased interest in Korean culture, movies, and study of the Korean language; and added approximately US$5billion per year to South Korea's economy, a growth of about 0.5 percent.[351] A 2018 study showed that, on average, 800,000foreigners per year had visited South Korea over the past four years for BTS-related reasons.[352]
Writers identified BTS as leaders even among other highly influential K-pop groups such asGirls' Generation,Super Junior,Exo,Twice, andBlackpink[353] and note that BTS's success shows the importance of a strong, active fan base in the age of social media, where fan campaigning can be as important as musical quality to a song's success.[354] The group has also distinguished themselves at the forefront of the business side of the K-pop industry by pursuing less restrictive contracts with their management company to maximize their artistic originality and creativity.[355][356] With this newer approach to career management, BTS created closer ties to the South Korean youth and encourage individuality and authenticity among their audience.[148]
Diplomacy
In his 1990 essaySoft Power, political scientistJoseph Nye developed the concept of a second type of power different from traditional authoritarianism.[357] Nye wrote, "This second aspect of power – which occurs when one country gets other countries to want what it wants – might be called co-optive orsoft power in contrast with the hard or command power of ordering others to do what it wants."[358] Researchers such as Maud Quessard have applied the concept of soft power to BTS and their influence on entertainment diplomacy and international relations.[359] Youna Kim and Maud Quessard all read the currency of soft power as includingculture, politicalvalues, andforeign policy, which applies to BTS's ability to be co-optive in their approach to spreading their message of harmony, acceptance, and addressing life's setbacks via their broad appeal on the international stage.[359]
BTS was invited to address theUnited Nations General Assembly in New York in September 2018.[360][361] That same year they performed in Paris before an audience of 400, including President Moon Jae-in and other officials, at the 2018 Korea-France Friendship Concert, a summit celebrating the friendly relations between France and South Korea.[362] That year, BTS became the youngest recipients of theOrder of Cultural Merit. Despite cultural medals traditionally being given to recipients with over 15 years of achievement, Moon recognized the group, five years into their career, for their contributions in spreading Korean culture and language worldwide.[363][364] In September2019, BTS were mentioned by Moon while announcing strategies for the content industries, for having pioneered innovative business models through direct communication with fans.[365] In 2020, BTS received theJames A. Van Fleet Award in recognition of their outstanding contributions to the promotion of US-Korea relations, the youngest honorees to receive the award.[366][367] In July2021, they were appointedSpecial Presidential Envoy for Future Generations and Culture by President Moon. In their role as envoys, they help to "raise awareness on global agendas, such as sustainable development, to our future generations and to strengthen the nation's diplomatic power across the world"[368] and appear at international events such as the76th United Nations General Assembly.[369] On May 31, 2022, BTS visited USPresident Joe Biden at theWhite House to discuss the recent rise in anti-Asian hate crimes and discrimination.[370]
Fandom
According to Kyung Hyun Kim, BTS's rise was facilitated by a great increase in music video programming and consumption on YouTube and the coming of an idol empire, including merchandising of nonmusical products, games, and fantasy fiction, as well as an expansion of online music fandom.[371] The group has a large, highly organized, online community of fans known as ARMY (Adorable Representative M.C. for Youth), which translates the group's lyrics and social media posts into other languages and matches charitable contributions of BTS's members. As of 2020, some 40million ARMY members subscribe to the band's YouTube channel, with more than 30million following the official BTS Twitter andInstagram accounts.[86] The fan community helps generate BTS's number-one chart rankings via coordinated campaigns on streaming platforms,[372] as well as pushes to feature BTS's music on radio stations and television.[373] Some ARMY members may even surpass the group itself in influence among BTS fans.[374]
Fans at the BTS world tour concert 'Love Yourself' in Los Angeles on September 6, 2018.
BTS interacted and engaged with their followers from their earliest days via social media,[375] as well as viaBTS Universe, analternate storyline involving the members told through music videos, mobile games, books, short films, and more that gives fans room to theorize.[376] Kim suggested that ARMY are drawn to BTS since the members are seen as underdogs, originating from the Korean countryside and a relatively minor Korean entertainment company, which allows young fans to identify with them.[377] BTS's lyrics speak to social values, and fans respond by trying to improve the world. As a result, the fandom regularly embraces activism on charitable causes and socio-political issues such as refugee crises,racial discrimination,children's rights,climate change, and the COVID-19 pandemic.[378][379][380] Feedback from ARMY to BTS affects the group's actions and lyrics; BTS has eliminated certain Korean words that sound like American racial slurs from their songs and ended collaboration with a Japanese producer when Korean ARMY members deemed his views extreme.[381]
Per South Korean author Jiyoung Lee, the relationship between BTS and ARMY is "a mutual exchange between artists and their fans" that is about more than merely "ensuring the band's primacy", but also "extending the band's message of positivity into the world". Lee opines that BTS and ARMY are "a symbol of change in zeitgeist, not just of generational change".[382] The band members themselves agree and have long acknowledged their fans' role in their success.[383] According to Sarah Keith, "BTS embody a moment of generational transformation. ARMY represents a 'coming of age' for the young, in which cultural production and influence are global and meaningful, and where the youth are politically and socially engaged."[384]
BTS are known for their philanthropic endeavors. Several members of the band have been inducted into prestigious donation clubs, such as theUNICEF Honors Club and the Green Noble Club, in acknowledgement of the size and frequency of their donations.[397][398][399] They have also received awards for their donations, with one member receiving a Patron of the Arts Award for donations to the arts,[400] and BTS as a whole receiving a UNICEF Inspire Award for their Love Myself campaign. They often donate privately, with theirpatronage later being made public by the organizations they support and the media.[397][401] The band's efforts have motivated their fans to also engage in various charitable andhumanitarian activities, and on occasion even match their donations.[402]
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