| BPIFB5P | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | BPIFB5P, BPI fold containing family B member 5, pseudogene | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | GeneCards:BPIFB5P;OMA:BPIFB5P - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BPI fold containing family B, member 5 is a non-humanprotein encoded by theBpifb5gene, also known asLplunc5. The BPIFB5 protein andBpifb5 gene have been characterized in mammals such as rodents (mouse,[3] rat[4]) and even-toed ungulates (pig,[5] cow[6]) but are apparently lacking in primates and other vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, and amphibians.[7] The protein in rodents is expressed at moderately high levels inmucosa of the airways (respiratory and olfactoryepithelium) and at moderate levels in salivary glands,esophagus, andgonads (ovary,testis);[8] in even-toed ungulates expression is high in testis, moderate in brain and striated muscle, and low inkidney.[9][10]
In humans no protein is expressed and it is present only as apseudogeneBPIFB5P.[11] The pseudogene was named based on its functionalortholog found in the other species.[12]
BPIFB5 is a member of the BPI foldprotein superfamily defined by the presence of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold (BPI fold) which is formed by two similar domains in a "boomerang" shape.[13] This superfamily is also known as theBPI/LBP/PLUNC family or theBPI/LPB/CETP family.[14] The BPI fold creates apolar binding pockets that can interact with hydrophobic andamphipathic molecules, such as the acyl carbon chains oflipopolysaccharide found onGram-negative bacteria, but members of this family may have many other functions.
Genes for the BPI/LBP/PLUNC superfamily are found in all vertebrate species, including distanthomologs in non-vertebrate species such as insects, mollusks, and roundworms.[15][16] Within that broad grouping is the BPIF gene family whose members encode the BPI foldstructural motif and are found clustered on a single chromosome, e.g.,Chromosome 20 in humans, Chromosome 2 in mouse, Chromosome 3 in rat, Chromosome 17 in pig, Chromosome 13 in cow. The BPIF gene family is split into two groupings, BPIFA and BPIFB. In humans, BIPFA consists of 3 protein encoding genesBPIFA1,BPIFA2,BPIFA3, and 1 pseudogeneBPIFA4P; while BPIFB consists of 5 protein encoding genesBPIFB1,BPIFB2,BPIFB3,BPIFB4,BPIFB6 and 2 pseudogenesBPIFB5P,BPIFB9P. What appears as pseudogenes in humans may appear as fully functional genes in other species.
The humanBPIFB5P pseudogene is found clustered with other members of the BPIF gene family conforming to the pattern observed in mammals, but this is not the case for other vertebrate species. In a systematic analysis of the chicken genome, theLplunc1(Bpifb1) / Lplunc5(Bpifb5) branch of the gene family was determined to be absent, therefore BPIFB1 and BPIFB5 proteins likely arose only after the speciation of mammals.[17]
See: "Results by taxon"
