 | |
| BC Hydro | |
| Company type | Crown Corporation |
| Industry | Electric utility |
| Founded | 1961 |
| Headquarters | 333 Dunsmuir Street Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 5R3 |
Area served | British Columbia |
Key people | Charlotte Mitha, President & CEO |
| Products | Electricity generation,transmission anddistribution |
| Revenue |  CA$7.591 billion(2022)[1] |
 CA$668 million(2022)[1] | |
| Total assets | CA$42.734 billion(2022)[1] |
| Owner | Government of British Columbia |
Number of employees | 6128(2011)[2] |
| Website | www |
TheBritish Columbia Hydro and Power Authority,operating asBC Hydro, is a Canadianelectric utility in the province ofBritish Columbia. It is the main electricity distributor, serving more than 4 million customers in most areas,[3] with the exception of the City ofNew Westminster, where the city runs its own electrical department[4] and portions of theWest Kootenay,Okanagan, theBoundary Country andSimilkameen regions, whereFortisBC, a subsidiary ofFortis Inc. directly provides electric service to 213,000 customers and supplies municipally owned utilities in the same area.[5] As a provincialCrown corporation, BC Hydro reports to the BC Ministry of Energy, Mines and Low Carbon Innovation, and is regulated by theBritish Columbia Utilities Commission (BCUC). Its mandate is to generate, purchase, distribute and sell electricity.
BC Hydro operates 32hydroelectric facilities and twonatural gas-fueledthermal power plants. As of 2014, 95 per cent of the province's electricity was produced by hydroelectric generating stations, which consist mostly of large hydroelectric dams on theColumbia andPeace rivers.[6] BC Hydro's various facilities generate between 43,000 and 54,000 gigawatt hours of electricity annually, depending on prevailing water levels. BC Hydro'snameplate capacity is 12,049 megawatts.[7]
Electricity is delivered through a network of 18,286 kilometers of transmission lines operating from 69 kV to 500 kV, and 55,254 kilometers of distribution lines. BC Hydro has two majorintertie paths, with its system being interconnected to theAlberta Electric System Operator viaWECC Path 1, and to theBonneville Power Administration via WECC Path 3.
For the 2013-2014 fiscal year, the domestic electric sales volume was 53,018 gigawatt hours, revenue wasCA$5.392 billion and net income wasCA$549 million.[8]
BC Hydro was created in 1961 when the government of British Columbia, under PremierW. A. C. Bennett, passed theBC Hydro Act. This act led to the expropriation of the BC Electric Company and its merging with the BC Power Commission, to create the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority (BCHPA).[9]
The BC Power Commission had been established with the Electric Power Act in 1945 byPremier John Hart. The mandate of the Power Commission was to amalgamate existing power and generating facilities across the province not served by BC Electric, and to extend service to the many smaller communities without power.[10]
BC Electric Company began as theBritish Columbia Electric Railway (streetcar and lighting utility) inVictoria,Vancouver andNew Westminster in 1897. Power was generated by coal-fired steam plants. Increasing demand in theEdwardian boom years meant BC Electric sought expansion through developing Hydro power atBuntzen Lake, and later atStave Lake. Sensible growth and expansion of the power, streetcar andcoal gas utilities meant that BC Electric was a major company in the region.
Also about this time, sawmills and factories converted to electricity, further increasing the demand for electric power. BC Electric developed more hydro stations in the province. Similarly, small towns also built and operated their own power stations. More power transmission lines were also built. Dams and hydro-electric generating stations were built on Vancouver Island on thePuntledge,Jordan, andElk rivers in the 1920s.
By the time of theFirst World War, private cars andjitneys were beginning to affect streetcar traffic. New dams were planned, including thediversion from the Bridge River to Seton Lake, nearLillooet, but theeconomic depression of the 1930s halted this business expansion. Also with the depression came an increase in the ridership, and a decrease in the maintenance of the streetcar system. In 1947, the BC Power Commission completed the John Hart Generating Station atCampbell River. In the early 1950s the ageing streetcars and interurban trains were replaced by electrictrolley buses, and diesel buses. BC Electric finally completed theBridge River Generating Station in 1960.
In 1958, BC Electric began construction of the oil-fired (later converted to natural gas)Burrard Generating Station nearPort Moody. It opened in 1961 and operated only intermittently when needed. In 2001, it represented over 9% of BC Hydro's gross metered generation. The gas fired boilers at the Burrard Generating Station were decommissioned in 2016 to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and the plant continues to be used assynchronous condenser facility.
On August 1, 1961, just days after company president Dal Grauer died, the BC government passed the legislation which changed BC Electric from a private company to acrown corporation known as BC Hydro.
The new corporation's responsibility including running the portions of the BC Electric Railway route still operating, for mass transit operation of theVancouver trolley bus system (comprising a portion of the urban bus routes in Vancouver), as well as all the electric generation, transmission, and distribution operations.
In 1988, BC Hydro sold its Gas Division which distributednatural gas in the Lower Mainland and Victoria to Inland Natural Gas. Inland changed its name to BC Gas, and was sold and changed name again toTerasen Gas in 2003. In 2007 Terasen sold the gas operation toFortisBC.
In 1988, BC Hydro's remaining railway operations were sold to theSouthern Railway of British Columbia.[11] BC Hydro continues to own the railbed of the former BC Electric Railway interurban route through Burnaby and New Westminster (on which a portion of theSkytrainExpo Line was built), as well as the railway from North Delta through Surrey, Langley, and Abbotsford all the way to Chilliwack (which continues to be operated by Southern Rail). A segment of the BC Hydro route through Langley is also leased toBC Rail to link theCanadian National Railway mainline,Burlington Northern Santa Fe, and theRoberts Bank Superport.[12]
In 2003 the BC government passed several pieces of legislation to redefine and regulate power utilities in British Columbia. The Transmission Corporation Act created theBritish Columbia Transmission Corporation (BCTC) as an independent transmission provider, but which only lasted until 2010 until being re-merged back into BC Hydro.
Also in 2003, BC Hydro privatized and outsourced many of its support functions, including 1540 of its employees in its Customer Service, Westech IT Services, Network Computer Services, Human Resources, Financial Systems, Purchasing, and Building and Office Services groups. These services were first outsourced toAccenture,[13] and later toTelus andFujitsu.
In the final week of August, 2015, the company experienced what it then described as its largest blackout event after a windstorm hit theSouth Coast on August 29–30, 2015.[14][15] It affected more than 710,000 residents living in theLower Mainland andVancouver Island regions of the Canadian province ofBritish Columbia[16][15] and lasted more than 72 hours for some neighbourhoods.[15] This blackout was surpassed by an outage caused by a 2018 winter storm that left 750,000 without power.[17]
Between 1960 and 1980, BC Hydro completed six largehydro-electric generating projects. The first large dam was built on thePeace River nearHudson's Hope. TheW. A. C. Bennett Dam was built to create an energy reservoir for the Gordon M. Shrum Generating Station, which has a capacity of 2,730 Megawatts of electric power and generated 13,810 gigawatt-hours of electricity per year on average 2012–16. When it was completed in 1968, the dam was the largest earth-fill structure ever built. TheWilliston Lake reservoir is the largest lake in British Columbia. A second smaller concrete dam was later built downstream, closer to Hudson's Hope for thePeace Canyon Generating Station which was completed in 1980.
Under the terms of theColumbia River Treaty with the US, BC Hydro built a number of dams and hydro-electric generating stations including two large projects atMica andRevelstoke on the Columbia River. TheKeenleyside Dam on the Columbia River north of Castlegar and theDuncan Dam north of Kootenay Lake were also built under the same treaty and are used mainly for water control. Two generators were installed at Keenleyside in 2002, though these are owned and operated by theColumbia Power Corporation (a separate Crown Corporation).Kootenay Canal Generating Station on theKootenay River between Nelson and Castlegar was completed in 1976. TheSeven Mile Dam and Generating Station on thePend d'Oreille River near Trail were completed in 1979.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s BC Hydro investigated the feasibility of geothermal power production atMeager Creek, north ofPemberton. They concluded from their testing that the underground rock wasn't permeable enough to justify large-scale production of electricity.[18] Around the same time, BC Hydro initiated a project to develop a coal-fired thermal generating station atHat Creek near Cache Creek, but abandoned the effort in 1981 due to strong environmental opposition.[19]
In 1989 the Power Smart and Resource Smart programs were initiated by BC Hydro to promote energy conservation as an alternative to the cost of creating new generating facilities. Since 2001, BC Hydro has focused on its conservation andenergy efficiency programs, re-investing in its existing facilities, and purchasing clean,renewable energy fromIndependent Power Producers. According to the "British Columbia Energy Plan",[20] released in 2007, BC Hydro must ensure that clean or renewable electricity generation continues to account for at least 90 percent of total generation. As of 2014, 97 percent of BC Hydro's electricity generation comes from clean or renewable sources and this generation only emits 730,000 tonnes of CO2 annually from thermal plants.[21]
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In 1980 the BC Government established theBC Utilities Commission (BCUC) to regulate public energy utilities and to act as an independent, quasi-judicial regulatory agency regarding energy rates. BC Hydro's operations are overseen by this commission, and governed through an Electric Tariff and an Open Access Transmission Tariff.
While BC Hydro initially looked atSite C on the Peace River near Fort St. John in the late 1950s, it wasn't until 1982 that it submitted aSite C development project to theBritish Columbia Utilities Commission (BCUC). It was turned down by the BCUC at that time.[citation needed] Another attempt to revive it in the 1990s was blocked by environmental concerns.[22] In 2004 the BC government's Energy Plan[23] instructed BC Hydro to begin discussions with First Nations, the province of Alberta and communities to discussSite C as a future option.[24] In May 2014, a federal-provincial Joint Review Panel released a report into the project's environmental, economic, social, heritage, and health effects.[25] A notice of Site C construction commencing in 2015 was issued July 2015.[26]
The BC Hydro Public Power Legacy and Heritage Contract Act requires BC Hydro to meet the province's future needs for power through private developers. These acts have allowedIndependent Power Producers (IPPs) to sell power to BC Hydro, which is required by law to buy it from them even at a loss.[27] In 2011 BC Hydro spent $567.4 million on electricity from IPPs. In 2013, BC Hydro had 127 Electricity Purchase Agreements in its supply portfolio, representing 22,200 gigawatt hours of annual energy and over 5,500 megawatts of capacity.[28] In 2013 those purchases will be $781.8 million in 2013 and $939.8 million in 2014, representing about 20% of domestic supply.[29][30]
Through its interties, BC Hydro exports and imports electric power through its wholly owned power marketing and trading subsidiary,Powerex, which was established in 1988. Powerex also markets theCanadian Entitlement energy from theColumbia River Treaty.[31] BC Hydro belongs to a power sharing consortium which includes electric utilities in Alberta, Washington, Oregon, Idaho and California. The flexibility of the interties contributes to system reliability, for example importing energy in low-water years, or importing when there is a system contingency. In 2013 British Columbia's minister of energy and mines, Bill Bennett spoke to why BC Hydro was agreeing to a $750 million settlement with California over claims Powerex manipulated electricity prices.[32]
| 2022[1] | 2021[1] | 2020[37] | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenues | 7,591 | 6,414 | 6,269 | 4,898 | 4,730 | 4,061 | 3,822 | 4,269 | 4,210 | 4,192 | 4,311 | 3,725 | 3,424 | 3,107 | 6,311 | 7,889 | 3,480 |
| Net earnings | 668 | 688 | 705 | 509 | 558 | 589 | 447 | 365 | 369 | 407 | 266 | 402 | 98 | 418 | 403 | 446 | 416 |
| Plants, property & equipment | 42,734 | 40,383 | 39,068 | 17,226 | 15,991 | 15,019 | 14,104 | 12,099 | 11,154 | 10,426 | 10,023 | 9,933 | 9,844 | 9,793 | 9,510 | 9,361 | 9,320 |
| Net long-term debt | 25,642 | 24,740 | 19,843 | 10,846 | 10,062 | 8,909 | 10,696 | 9,135 | 7,519 | 6,916 | 6,627 | 6,583 | 6,853 | 6,849 | 6,889 | 6,214 | 7,005 |
| Retained earnings | 6,994 | 6,326 | 5,638 | 3,369 | 3,075 | 2,747 | 2,621 | 2,221 | 1,865 | 1,783 | 1,707 | 1,688 | 1,634 | 1,609 | 1,529 | 1,459 | 1,385 |
| Debt/Equity ratio | 78:22 | 80:20 | 81:19 | 80:20 | 80:20 | 80:20 | 80:20 | 81:19 | 70:30 | 70:30 | 70:30 | 68:32 | 70:30 | 72:28 | 72:28 | 70:30 | 74:26 |
BC Hydro'sPower Smart program encourages energy conservation among its residential, commercial, and industrial customers. The program also aims to promote energy saving retail products and building construction, and includes a "Sustainable Communities Program". Its in-house Resource Smart program is used to identify and implement efficiency gains at existing BC Hydro facilities. BC Hydro also practices energy conservation at its generating facilities through the continuous monitoring and efficient use of the water resources used to power its generators.
BC Hydro was committed by the BC government's Energy Plan to achieve electric power self-sufficiency in the province by 2016, with all new generation plants having zero net greenhouse gas emissions by the same year.[38] In 2013, BC Hydro released an Integrated Resource Plan which includes meeting at least 66 percent of the expected increase in electricity demand through increased energy efficiency.[39]
BC Hydro has also entered into energy purchase contracts with a new category of company created by special legislation, Independent Power Producers (IPPs) to buy electricity generated from intermittent renewable sources, mainly from small capacityrun of river hydro and more recently, wind power, wood residue energy, and energy from organic municipal waste.[40] There has been some criticism of this policy on the basis that it will result in Hydro paying significantly higher rates to private producers than it would have if the power were self-generated.[41][42]
BC has a policy not to develop nuclear power.
As of July 2018, BC Hydro operated 58electric vehiclecharging stations in the province.[43]
In 2024, BC Hydro initiated agreements for nine wind farm projects, expected to collectively generate nearly 5,000 gigawatt hours annually, increasing the grid's capacity by 8% by 2031. This C$6 billion investment inwind energy underscores BC Hydro's efforts to meet growing electricity demand with sustainable solutions.[44]
In November 2013 the BC Minister of Energy and Mines announced a 10-year plan that will keep electricity rates as low as possible. Increases during the first five years will be between 9 and 3 percent annually.[45] BC Hydro's profitability is affected by its large debt, estimated to reach five billion dollars by 2017.[46]
BC Hydro's Smart Metering Program in 2011 introduced the installation of Itron C2S0DSmart meters as mandatory.[47] In 2013 BC Hydro offered the Meter Choices Program for $20 to $30 monthly.[48][49][50]
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