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Bærum (Norwegian:[ˈbæ̂ːrʉm]ⓘ) is amunicipality in theGreater Oslo Region inAkershus County, Norway. It forms an affluentsuburb ofOslo on the west coast of the city. Bærum is Norway's fifth largest municipality with a population of 128,760 (2021). The administrative centre of the municipality is thetown ofSandvika. Bærum wasestablished as a municipality on 1 January 1838.
Bærum has the highest income per capita in Norway[4] and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals.[5] Bærum, particularly its eastern neighbourhoods borderingWest End Oslo, is one of Norway's priciest and most fashionable residential areas, leading Bærum residents to be frequently stereotyped assnobs in Norwegian popular culture. The municipality has been voted the best Norwegian place to live in considering governance and public services to citizens.[6]
The name (Old Norse:Bergheimr) is composed ofberg, which means "mountain", andheimr, which means "homestead" or "farm". It probably originally belonged to a farm located at the base of the prominent mountain ofKolsås. InOld Norse times, the municipality was often calledBergheimsherað, meaning "theherað (parish/district) ofBergheimr".[7]
Thecoat-of-arms was granted on 9 January 1976. They show an old silver-coloredlime kiln on a green background. That was an important aspect of the local economy from theMiddle Ages until around 1800. There are still some original ovens visible in the municipality.[8]
The area known today as Bærum was a fertile agricultural area as far back as theBronze Age, and several archeological finds stem from theIron Age. The first mention of the name is from thesaga ofSverre of Norway, from about 1200. There are ruins of stone churches from the 12th century atHaslum andTanum.[9]
The pilgrim road toTrondheim, established after 1030, went through Bærum, and there is evidence thatlime kilns were in use in the area in 850. There were shipping ports for thequicklime atSlependen andSandvika. The lime kiln is the main motif for the municipality's coat of arms.[9]
Starting in the mid-20th century, Bærum's agricultural base gradually gave way to residential construction. Still, only a third of the area, 64 square kilometres (24.7 sq mi), is built up for residential use; over half is productive forestry; and nearly 17 square kilometres (6.6 sq mi) is still agricultural.[10]
On 10 August 2019, a gunmanopened fire on congregants at the Al-Noor Islamic Centre, after shooting and killing his ethnically Chinese adopted stepsister at their home.[11]
The physical geography of Bærum is dominated by a craggy coastline along theOslofjord and inland, hilly areas rising to the north and east, where there are large forested areas. The mountain ofKolsås forms a natural center, but the municipality also includes the secluded valley ofLommedalen. Four major rivers flow through the municipality:Lysakerelven,Sandvikselva,Lomma, andØverlandselva, and there are numerous lakes, both in residential and forested areas. The official municipality flower isAnemone ranunculoides.[7]
Since nearly two-thirds of Bærum's area consists of forests, there are rich opportunities for outdoor activities, such asskiing, hiking, and fishing. The forests are considered part ofMarka, the forested areas in and around Greater Oslo. Areas within the municipality of Bærum includeBærumsmarka,Vestmarka, andKrokskogen.[13][14][15]
Bærum's industrial base has since the 1950s given way to service industries, including retailing, engineering, public services, etc. It derives much of its tax base by being abedroom community to Oslo. It is one of the most affluent areas in Norway.[7]
Two of Norway's busiest highways (E18 andE16) and one railroad traverse the municipality. There has been considerable development of office parks along E18, especially aroundLysaker in the last 20–30 years, reducing some of the pressure on downtown areas of Oslo.[7]Scandinavian Airlines System Norway has its offices inFornebu, Bærum.[16] The airlineWiderøe has some administrative offices inLysaker, Bærum.[17]Norwegian Air Shuttle has its head office in Fornebu.[18]
Bærum (2009) is the fifth most densely populated municipality in Norway. Along the E18 highway, the residential area iscontinuous with Oslo and continues with some interruption through to the neighboring municipality ofAsker.[23]
Bærum is also the most affluent of Norwegian municipalities, with average per capita income (2002 figures) ofNOK 370,800; compared with the national average of NOK 262,800. It also has the highest level of education nationwide.
Administratively, Bærum is divided into 22 sections. The population for each section on 1 January 2005 was:
According to a local survey conducted byDagbladet, Bærum is the best place to live inNorway in terms of governance and services to residents. In addition is it also one of the best places for young people to grow up. Bærum score high on national surveys when it comes to local economical governance, education and possibilities for young people, health coverage, school rankings, and work rights and possibilities[25]
There are a number of schools in Bærum, both public and private. There are a total of 43 public elementary schools ( primary and / or secondary ) and some private, includingBærum Montessori School. According to national surveys,Jar public elementary school ranks the highest when it comes to math, whileLommedalen public elementary school ranks the highest in reading, both are located in Bærum.[26]
There are eight public high schools in Bærum;Dønski,Eikeli,Nadderud,Rosenvilde,Rud,Sandvika,Stabekk andValler. In addition, theNorwegian College of Elite Sport andSteiner School. The Folk University also has a branch in Sandvika. Valler High School has been ranked within the top 5 high schools in Norway for several years, while Nadderud High School ranks within the top 20.[27] In the later years both schools have met competition from the newly established Sandvika High School. Sandvika High School has had the highest number of applications in the county for the past six years,[28] and is now ranked within top 10 in the country.[29] In 2013 the school also won for Best Entrepreneurship School in Norway.[30]
^abcdThorsnæs, Geir; Svein Askheim."Bærum".Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian).Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved2 January 2010.
^Henriksen, Øyvind. "Kjos kjøper BraathensbyggetArchived 27 February 2010 at theWayback Machine."E24. 24 February 2010. Retrieved on 24 February 2010. "Norwegian-sjef Bjørn Kjos kjøper det tidligere hovedkvarteret til Braathens og SAS Norge. Nå skal Norwegian flytte inn i bygningen" and "Oksenøyveien 3 på Fornebu utenfor Oslo er kjøpt av Bjørn Kjos og Bjørn Kise."
^"Rangeringsliste for innbyggere per areal" (in Norwegian). Norges Kommunekalender.Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved2 January 2010., the four municipalities with greater density being: Stavanger, Oslo, Oppegård, and Skedsmo. All but Stavanger form the conurbation with Oslo
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Akershus travel guide from Wikivoyage
