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Transverse plane

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(Redirected fromAxial plane)

Anatomical plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts

For the planes of a gear, seeList of gear nomenclature.

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Atransverse plane is a plane that is rotated 90° from two other planes.^[1]

Anatomy

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Transverse plane

Details
Identifiers
Latin	plana transversalia
TA98	A01.2.00.006
TA2	52
FMA	12247 71928, 12247
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

Thetransverse plane is ananatomical plane that is perpendicular to thesagittal plane and thecoronal plane.^[2] It is also called theaxial plane orhorizontal plane, especially in human anatomy, but horizontal plane can be misleading with other animals. The plane splits the body into a cranial (head) side and caudal (tail) side,^[3] so in humans the plane will be horizontal (dividing the body intosuperior and inferior sections^[4]) but in quadrupeds it will be vertical.

Human anatomy

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Clinically relevant anatomical planes

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Transversethoracic plane (alsoplane of Louis)
Xiphosternal plane (or xiphosternal junction)
Transpyloric plane
Subcostal plane
Umbilical plane (or transumbilical plane)
Supracristal plane
Intertubercular plane (or transtubercular plane)
Interspinous plane

Associated structures

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Surface projections of the major organs of thetrunk, using thevertebral column andrib cage as main reference points of surface anatomy. Thetranspyloric plane is given near center.

The transversethoracic plane
- Plane through T4 & T5 vertebral junction andsternal angle of Louis.
- Marks the:
  - Attachment of costal cartilage of rib 2 at the sternal angle;
  - Aortic arch (beginning and end);
  - Upper margin ofSVC;
  - Thoracic duct crossing;
  - Tracheal bifurcation;
  - Pulmonary trunk bifurcation;
Thexiphosternal plane (a.k.a.xiphosternal junction)
- Anterior, inferior limit ofthoracic cavity;
- Marks the:
  - Superior surface of theliver;
  - Respiratory diaphragm;
  - Inferior border of theheart;
Thetranspyloric plane
- Plane located halfway between the jugular notch and the upper border of thesymphysis pubis;
- Typically located at the lower border of L1;
- Cuts through thepylorus and the tips of the ninthcostal cartilages;
Thesubcostal plane
- Transverse plane through the inferior border ofcostal margin;
- Typically located at the superior border of L3, or transects L3;
Theumbilical plane (or transumbilical plane)
- Located at the level of L3/L4 vertebral junction or IV disc;
Thesupracristal plane
- Located at the level of L4;
- Marksbifurcation of aorta;
- Most superior aspect ofiliac crest;
Theintertubercular plane (a.k.a. Transtubercular plane)
- Located at the level of L5;
- Marks origin ofIVC;
Theinterspinous plane
- Transverse plane which transverses the anterior superioriliac spines.
- Typically located at the level of S1.

Engineering usages

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With gears a transverse plane is perpendicular to the axial plane and to the pitch plane.^[5]
With anMRI machine the plane perpendicular to the direction of the main magnetic field is called the transverse plane.^[6]

Other animals

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The standard anatomical planes of both a human and a goat displaying three anatomical planes:
  themedian plane
  thetransverse plane
  thecoronal plane (dorsal plane in quadrupeds)

In quadrupeds the coronal plane is called the dorsal plane.

References

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^"TRANSVERSE English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary". Cambridge University Press. Retrieved2025-05-08.
^"Introduction".Collection at Bartleby.com. 20 October 2022. Retrieved1 March 2025.
^Kardong, Kenneth V. (2019).Vertebrates: comparative anatomy, function, evolution (Eighth, international student ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. p. 16.ISBN 9781260092042.
^"1.4D: Body Planes and Sections".Medicine LibreTexts. 2018-07-18. Retrieved2024-11-13.
^Gear Nomenclature, Definition of Terms with Symbols.American Gear Manufacturers Association. 2005. p. 72.ISBN 1-55589-846-7.OCLC 65562739. ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05.
^Pai, Aparna; Shetty, Rohil; Hodis, Brendan; Chowdhury, Yuvraj S. (2025)."Magnetic Resonance Imaging Physics". StatPearls Publishing.

v t e Anatomical planes and lines
Sagittal plane	Median plane front (Anterior median line/Midsternal line,Parasternal line,Midclavicular line,Anterior axillary line,Midaxillary line) back (Posterior median line,Scapular line,Posterior axillary line)
Transverse plane	Thoracic plane Transpyloric plane Subcostal plane Transumbilical plane Supracristal plane Intertubercular plane Interspinous plane
Coronal/frontal plane	Sternal plane