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Abraham Yoffe | |
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אברהם יפה | |
.jpg) Yoffe in 1967 | |
| Faction represented in theKnesset | |
| 1974–1977 | Likud |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1913-10-25)October 25, 1913 Yavne'el,Ottoman Empire |
| Died | April 11, 1983(1983-04-11) (aged 69) Israel |
Abraham Yoffe (Hebrew:אברהם יפה,romanized: Avraham Yoffe, October 25, 1913 – April 11, 1983) was anIsrael general during theSix-Day War. He later entered politics and served as a member of theKnesset forLikud between 1974 and 1977.[1]
Yoffe was born inYavne'el in 1913, during the era when theOttoman Empire still controlled Palestine. He was one of four children born to Chaim and Miriam Yoffe. His father was a member of theYoffe family, and in his early years, Avraham Yoffe attended theMikveh Yisrael agricultural school.
At the age of 16 he joined theHaganah.[1] In 1936, Yoffe had joined theSpecial Night Squads, a joint British-Jewish counter-insurgency unit established byOrde Charles Wingate.[1] Yoffe served as a squad leader in one of the squads, acting as Lt.Michael Grove second in command.
DuringWorld War II, he served as a captain in the British Artillery Corps from 1940 until 1944.
During the1948 war, he was a battalion commander in theGolani brigade. On May 12, his battalion capturedBeisan duringOperation Gideon.
During theSuez Crisis, he commanded Brigade 9 of theIDF, a motorized infantry brigade which he led on a march into the southern Sinai to capture Sharm el-Sheikh on November 5, 1956. Between 1957 and 1958, he headed the training department and was commander of the officers' school. In 1958 he was appointed commander of the Southern Command, and in 1962 switched to the Northern Command.
After being demobilized in 1964, he was recalled to service during theSix-Day War, to command a division (ugdah in Hebrew) in the Southern Command, along with the much younger GeneralsIsrael Tal andAriel Sharon.
According toMichael Oren: "Though fifty-three years old and paunchy, the director of Israel's Nature Protection Society, Avraham Yoffe, was a seasoned fighter in Sinai. In 1956, he had led an infantry column down the peninsula's eastern coast to capture Sharm al-Sheikh. Later, as head of the Southern Command, he developed contingency plans for moving tanks over desert wastes that were widely believed insurmountable. Summoned a few weeks before the war by Gen. Gavish, Yoffe had arrived at camp in civilian clothes, thinking he was making a courtesy call. He returned in a brigadier general's uniform and took charge of the 31stUgdah with its two reserve brigades, each with 100 tanks. His assignment was to penetrate Sinai south of Tal's forces and north of Sharon's, dividing the two fronts and preventing enemy reinforcements from reaching either. Then, dashing eastward, he would attack Egypt's second line of defence while its first was still busy fighting."[2]
He thus commanded a troop division inEgypt during the attack on theSinai Peninsula throughWadi Haroudin, an area impassable to the Israelitanks. His army captured the Bir-Lafhan junction, effectively preventing the Egyptians from calling for reinforcements.
Avraham Yoffe and his four brigades on the Egyptian front avoided any areas of heavy enemy concentration and rushed to the passes; in fact, he traversed unguarded terrain because the Egyptians believed that tanks could not cross over dunes. Then, General Israel Tal's elite tank division and General Sharon would follow behind, forcing the Egyptians back into a deathtrap that was guaranteed to wipe out the third of their army that resided in the Sinai. The basis of the plan was for Yoffe to attack the Egyptians from the flank and drive them to retreat into the Mitla Pass, where Sharon and Tal would wipe them out.
As was seen through the first four days of the war, when Israel andEgypt were locked in combat, this plan succeeded beyond expectations, forcing the Egyptian retreat. On the eve of the first day of fighting, after intense battles, Tal's forces reached El-Arish and Sharon's division prevailed in the most important encounter in north Sinai in the Battle of Abu-Ageila. Meanwhile, Yoffe's division advanced on the Egyptian defences and captured the Bir-Lafhan junction. By the end of the first day, part of Tal's division headed north to the Gaza Strip, and by June 7, the IDF captured Gaza City.
On the fourth day of the war, June 8, 1967, the Egyptian forces were defeated. General Tal's division conquered Qantara on the banks of the Suez Canal, continuing south along the canal to join up with the main force of the division, which continued fromBir Gifgafa to the Suez Canal in the Ismailiya sector. South of them, General Yoffe's division also continued towards the canal along two axes in the Suez sector. Meanwhile, another force of his division continued on another route to Ras-Sudar on theGulf of Suez, south of the canal. From there, the force continued south along the Gulf of Suez and reachedAbu- Zenima, where it met up with the paratroopers coming from E-Tur.
General Yoffe had an important role in the discovery ofBar Kokhbaletter in a cave inJudaean Desert. He participated in the archaeological exploration withYigael Yadin in a cave earlier plundered byBedouin and researched by another archaeological team. Yoffe suggested using advanced military equipment, which resulted in buried artifacts being discovered. That find is among the most important for the study of theBar Kokhba revolt againstRomans.[3]
In 1963, while on military duty, Avraham Yoffe was permitted to serve as a chairman of the newly created Nature Reserves Authority Council. In November 1964, he retired from the military, and in May 1965, he was appointed director of theNature Reserves Authority, where he served for 14 years, replaced by Adir Shapira in 1978.[4]
Yoffe was one of the founders of theMovement for Greater Israel, and as the organization merged into it, subsequently joined theLikud. He was elected to the Knesset on theLikud list in1973 and was a member of the influentialForeign Affairs and Defense Committee and Finance Committee. During the1977 Israeli legislative election, he announced he would not run for the seat.
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