Aurillac is at 600 m (2,000 ft) above sea level and located at the foot of the Cantal mountains in a smallsedimentary basin. The city is built on the banks of the Jordanne, a tributary of theCère. It is 558 km (347 mi) south ofParis and 223 km (139 mi) north ofToulouse. Aurillac was part of a formerAuvergne province calledHaute-Auvergne and is only 20 km (12 mi) away from the heart of the Auvergne Volcano Park. Access to the commune is by numerous roads including the D922 fromNaucelles in the north, the D17 fromSaint-Simon in the north-east,Route nationale N122 fromPolminhac in the east which continues toSansac-de-Marmiesse in the south-west, the D920 toArpajon-sur-Cère in the south-east, and the D18 toYtrac in the west.[3]Aurillac station, in the centre of town, lies on theFigeac-Arvant railway. It has rail connections to Clermont-Ferrand, Brive-la-Gaillarde and Toulouse. About 50% of the commune is urbanised with farmland to the east and west of the urban area.
Aurillac – Tronquières Airport is located in the south of the commune with its runway extending beyond the commune boundary. It is connected to Paris by two daily flights by the Air France subsidiaryHOP!. The commune was awarded three flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.[4]
The Jordanne river flows through the heart of the commune from north to south where it joins theCère just south of the commune.
Boudieu on the N122, which is called theRoute de Sansac-de-Marmiesse orde Toulouse, is a farm with a farm house from the 1900s and three farm buildings.
Boudieu-Bas on the N122 is a set of houses built in the 1960s with some buildings used commercially or for crafts.
Gueret on the N122 is a farm with two houses and two agricultural buildings. This hamlet is traversed by an old country road from a place formerly calledJulien from which name for the SNCFJulien Bridge comes. The formerJulien is towards the Chateau of Tronquières in the urban area on Avenue Charles de Gaulle opposite the Medico-Surgical Centre (CMC). This farm with its house and barn were absorbed by the city on the creation of a district in the 1970s until the mid 1980s. The agricultural buildings were demolished to make room for a shop.
La Sablère on the RN122 is a set of dwellings mostly from the 1980s. Originally there was a farm. This place spreads over two communes: Aurillac andArpajon-sur-Cère with the majority of the buildings in Arpajon-sur-Cère.
Le Barra near the avenue Aristide Briand, also called theAncienne route de Vic or the old N120. This is a farm and houses.
Les Quatre Chemins at the intersection of the D120 and the D922 on the borders of Aurillac,Naucelles, andYtrac. It is a complex of commercial buildings and residences on the crossroads of the two former National highways.
Tronquières on an avenue. Originally it was a farm with a chateau but the chateau and outbuildings were demolished in 2011. Today it is a grouping of housing units specializing in housing assistance for the integration of disabled people (ADAPEI) and the airport. It is the reception area for travellers to the city and a former landfill and rubbish centre. Before the construction of the airport the meadows were areas for summer grazing for nearby farms such as the Boudieu farm.
Influenced by its altitude, Aurillac features anoceanic climate (Cfb), closely bordering on awarm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb) under theKöppen system. In spite of this, the city enjoys more than 2,100 hours of sunshine per year on average, but also a high amount of precipitations per year on average. The record low temperature was −24.5 °C (−12 °F) on 9 January 1985 and the record high was 38.0 °C (100 °F) on 30 July 1983.
Climate data for Aurillac, elevation 632 m (2,073 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1945–present)
The origin of the nameAurillac is fromAureliacum meaning "Villa of Aurelius" and dates back to theGallo-Roman era. It is attested in the polygonalFanum d'Aron which was built in the 1st century and discovered in 1977 at Lescudillier.
It is thought that in theGallic era the original site of the city was on the heights overlooking the current city atSaint-Jean-de-Dône ("Dône" fromdunum) and, like mostoppida, it was abandoned after the Roman conquest in favour of a new city established on the plain. With the return of instability in the Lower Roman Empire there was a movement towardsEncastellation and a new fortified site was established in mid-slope between the former oppidum and the old Gallo-Roman city where the Chateau of Saint-Étienne is today.
The history of the city is really only known from 856, the year of the birth of CountGerald of Aurillac at the castle where his father, also named Gerald, was lord. In 885 he founded aBenedictine monastery which later bore his name. It was in this monastery that Gerbert, the first French pope under the name ofSylvester II, studied.[6]
The city was made in aSauveté[Note 1] area which was located between four crosses and was founded in 898 by Gerald shortly after the abbey. The first urban area was circular and built close to theAbbey of Aurillac. Gerald died around 910 but his influence was such that over the centuries Gerald was always a baptismal name prevalent in the population of Aurillac and the surrounding area.
Houses along the Jordanne
It was in the 13th century that municipal conflict began between consuls and abbots. After taking the Château of Saint-Étienne in 1255 and two negotiated agreements called the Peace of Aurillac, relations were normalised.
In the 13th and 14th centuries Aurillac withstood several sieges by the English and in the 16th century continued to suffer from civil and religious wars.
The influence of the abbey declined with its secularization and its implementation of orders.
In 1569 the city was delivered by treason to theProtestants: people were tortured and held to ransom and the Abbey was sacked. The library and archives were all burned.
Before theFrench Revolution Aurillac had aPrésidial and carried the title of capital of theHaute-Auvergne. In 1790 on the creation of departments, after a period of alternating withSaint-Flour, Aurillac definitively became the capital ofCantal.
The Station at Aurillac in 1898
The arrival of the railway in 1866 accelerated the development of the city.
At the first census in 1759 there were 6,268 people in Aurillac, it now has about 28,000.
The traditional arms of Aurillac. The three silver shells were originally on one line because Aurillac was a stage on theWay of St. James coming fromClermont-Ferrand (currently theVia Arvernha). The three fleurs-de-lis gold indicated aGood Town at a time when Aurillac provided a body of two hundred picked men to KingCharles VII to fight the British.
Blazon: Gules, three escallops of Argent 2 and 1, in chief Azure, three fleurs-de-lis of Or.
Arms of Aurillac Abbey
The traditional arms of the Abbey and County of Aurillac. These arms were originally on the banner of the abbey representing a patch of grass, evoking a miraculous fact related byOdo of Cluny in hisLife ofSaint Gerald of Aurillac.
Blazon: Party per pale, Or and Vert, the border engrailed of one on the other.
Aurillac is the seat of theChamber of Commerce and Industry of Cantal which manages commercial villages (including that of Tronquières in Aurillac). Aurillac Airport is managed by the CABA (Urban Community of the Aurillac Basin Agglomeration).
Processing of agricultural products, particularly milk and meat. Manufacturing and packaging of Cantal cheese.
Historic French capital ofumbrellas with half of French production - 250,000 units in 1999 - and provides 100 jobs. After declining for several decades at the end of the 20th century, Aurillac umbrella producers decided to join their forces and created theEconomic Interest Group, or GIE in 1997. They then launched their products under a single label,L'Aurillac Parapluie (The Aurillac Umbrella).
Aurillac is also the seat of what was the European leader in healthcare duvets and pillows:Abeil[13] and the plasturgistAuriplast specializes in injection and electroplating.
Bleu d'Auvergne
Also found in Aurillac are different players in various food fields (e.g. the Couderc distillery with its famous gentian liqueur and famous establishments such as the Leroux and Bonal cheese factories, the Morin refinery, MAScharcuteries, Teil cured by the Altitude group, refrigerated transport operator Olano Ladoux etc.).
Aurillac is best known for itsCheese centre based on the heights of Aurillac close to the Chateau Saint-Étienne. It was established in 1993, the structure consists of an association bringing together many organisations to develop scientific programs. It develops scientific programs relating to the cheese sector.
The commune has a very large number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments.[17] There are also a very large number of items which are registered as historical objects in various locations.[18]
The International festival of street theatre of Aurillac[42] has been held every year since 1986 at the end of August for a period of four days. Since 2004 this festival has been preceded by "Les préalables" (Preliminaries) of variable duration (often starting in early August) with street performances throughoutCantal (and sometimes even inCorrèze) with the support of the associationéclat. 2008 who inaugurated the first "University of Street Art".
TheEuropean gourmet taste for three days in June is a gastronomic and cultural festival during which various prizes are awarded (Les Goudots gourmands) and where there are cooking classes with different themes each year (e.g. 2008: Slow Food) provided by prominentchefs.
In 2007 there was the first edition of '36 Hours of Aurillac with Solos and small dance pieces.
TheStade Aurillacois Cantal Auvergne: the Rugby Team had its 100th anniversary in 2004 and has played inRugby Pro D2 since 2001, except for 2006-2007 where the "purgatory" inFédérale 1 ended with the title of champion of France. Since theSecond World War the club has always played either in theelite until 1986 (except 1949 and 1955) then later in group A, B, or Pro D2. Aurillac is rugby country as it is one of the few cities where there are more spectators at rugby matches than football matches. Matches take place at theStade Jean Alric.
TheAthlétic Club Vélocipédique Aurillacois (Cycling Athletic Club): a cycling team founded in 1977 by Pierre Labro and led, since 1983, by André Valadou. In 2011 and 2012 it was the largest cycling club in Auvergne by number of members. In 2013 three riders from the club ranked at the highest level with Christophe Laborie among the professionals and François Bidard and Pierre Bonnet first in the amateur division. With a focus on training, the club sees at least one of its representatives each year wear Auvergne colours during a championship of France.
TheAurillac FCA: a soccer team playing inCFA2 although the Aurillac reserve team plays inDH Auvergne and is Team C in the Regional Honour Division. Its training centre allows it to have 3 youth teams playing in the national championships (14 years, 16 years, and 18 years - the highest level for these categories).
Aurillac Handball Cantal Auvergne: a professionalHandball team who played in the first division for the 2008–2009 season for the first time in its history
Basket club Aurillac Arpajon Géraldienne (BAAG): This is the Aurillac Basketball Club. Girls Team 1 plays at the highest regional level. This is the biggest club in the city in terms of members and results. There is also the Cantalienne Club.
TheJean-Alric Stadium: the Municipal Stadium for the city of Aurillac and its rugby club - theStade Aurillacois Cantal Auvergne. It owes its name toJean Alric, a former player of the club, shot in Aurillac by the Germans during the Second World War.
Volleyball Club (AVB): Aurillac has a volleyball club. The senior male and female teams play in Regional 1. The club has UFOLEP teams and youth teams. The club organises three tournaments open to everyone:
A tournament starting in September;
A night of volleyball in December (the largest in Auvergne);
A Summer tournament in June.
In 2011 Aurillac hosted the start of theTour de France in the 10th stage.
the2/16 Squadron of riot police which became the33/5 in 1991 after the creation of legions of riot police then finally the18/5 in 2011 after the dissolution of the GM group of Clermont-Ferrand.
Aurillac has long been a garrison town with the 139th Infantry Regiment, who are noted for their feats during theBattle of the Somme. They have a remarkable chronology and a cabinet of trophies were displayed in the Hall of Honour of the Departmental Military Delegation who have since moved, forgetting to preserve and safeguard this part of history.
The military square is wide and airy and a feature of military architecture of the time. It is now known as the Zone of Peace and is now converted into a parking lot leaving a clear view of the 3 buildings that surround it. The entrance to the barracks was destroyed and replaced by a modern building. It houses administrative services, treasury, CABA, Mortgages, Cadastre etc. In the 1950s the old military buildings became the "Cité Administrative".
Theclock building is called so because of the great clock that adorns this building. It is also commonly called theHouse of unions and associations. Originally these buildings were the former Convent of the Visitation, built in 1682. The Convent was converted into a barracks for infantry in 1792 and occupied half of the buildings until 1922, hence the transformation of buildings to equestrian use. Today the Pierre-Mendès-France Cultural Centre occupies the premises including the Museum of Art and Archaeology, the County Conservatory of Music and Dance, the youth service activities of the town of Aurillac, and a crèche for children. The Stables were then used by the national stud established by Napoleon in 1806; a depot of stallions was created in Aurillac. At theBattle of Austerlitz Napoleon rodeCantal, a speckled gray horse which is visible in a painting in the Art and Archaeology Museum. When the National Stud moved the stables were transformed into an exhibition hall / gallery and a range of exhibitions is held every year including the Salon des Métiers d'Art d'Aurillac.
Édouard Jean-Baptiste Milhaud (1766-1833), cousin of Carrier, revolutionary, Commissioner of the Army, General of the Army of the Republic and the Empire, also known for his bloodthirsty actions
Elie Calvet (1904-1929), Comedian, 1st Prize in Comedy from the Conservatory, died on stage receiving his award, nephew of the famous singer RosaEmma Calvé (1858-1942)
Jacques Maziol (1918-1990), Minister of Construction underde Gaulle, President-director general ofRadio Monte-Carlo
Bernard Tricot (1920-2000), Secretary-General of the Élysée from 1967 to 1969, one of the negotiators of theÉvian Accords with the Algerian FLN to abandon French Algeria
Alain Delcamp (1946-), Secretary-General for theSenate
Jean-Benoît Puech (1947-), writer, author ofLa Bibliothèque d'un amateur (1980),Louis-René des Forêts, novel (2000),Une biographie autorisée (2010)
Alfred Durand (-1947), Professor of Geography at the Aurillac school, author ofLa vie rurale dans les massifs volcaniques des Dores, du Cézallier, du Cantal et de l'Aubrac, thesis, 1946, Clermont-Ferrand, 530 p. (reprint Créér),Aurillac, géographie urbaine, 1948, 254 pp.
Marcel Grosdidier de Matons (1885-1945), Professor of Geography at the Aurillac school, author ofÉtudes de géographie urbaine (RHA),La Chataigneraie cantalienne
Maxime Real del Sarte andJean de Barrau did their military service at Aurillac
Pierre Wirth (1921-2003), Professor at Aurillac school, author ofAurillac, 1973,Voyage à travers la Haute-Auvergne, 1973,Le Guide du Cantal, 1994
Joseph Malègue (1876-1940), Much of his novel of 900 pages,Augustin ou le Maître est là, takes place mainly in Aurillac:Under the table of Augustin is life in a prefecture of the province, which is actually Aurillac.[45]
^Claude Barthe,Joseph Malègue and the "Novel of ideas" in the modern crisis inLes romanciers et le catholicisme, Éditions de Paris, 2004, pp. 83-97, p. 92.ISBN2-85162-107-6(in French)
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