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According to a legend retold by historianGiovan Battista Pacichelli, the name of Auletta would stem from Auleto, one ofAeneas' companions. Another suggested origin isolea, theLatin word for "oil", and the town is mentioned asOlibola in 1095 andOlivola in 1131.
Auletta was already fortified around the year 1000, the castle also being built in this period.
Immediately theUnification of Italy, in 1861, the population rose against the PiedmonteseRegio Esercito troops. 45 local people were killed in what is remembered as theMassacro di Auletta ("Auletta Massacre"). In 1943 it was bombed by the Allied due to the presence of a battery of German guns.